Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 8

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Julius B. Baldelovar

Reviewer(s):

Illustrator(s): Jonie Mar Rebucas

Layout Artist:

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Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief

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Imelda Fabe, PSDS
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Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

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 Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

Hand tools in Technical Drafting

LO 1.1. List hand tools and equipment based on job requirement.
LO 1.2 Identify appropriate hand tools and equipment.
The drafting materials and tools mentioned in the previous lesson includes the basic ones but essential for your initial
understanding about technical drawing.

Drawing Paper
There are varieties of drawing papers
available in the market. Hard and soft Masking tape
surface drawing papers are This is used for fastening the
extremely suggested to be the most paper on the worktable as a
effective. This sort of papers does result it will keep the paper
not hollow easily when pressure is steady so it is easier to move
applied to the pencil. Oslo paper is the tools around while drawing.
usually used however you can use
bond paper as it is also suggested.

Pencil sharpener Eraser

It cleans the dirt off the drawing.
Pencils ought to be sharpened
whenever they show sign of A soft one is advantageous in
removing smudges and pencil
dullness. There are different
kinds and styles available in the marks, whereas, a solid eraser
is beneficial for creating
market you can purchase.
changes and correcting errors
Ruler within the drawing.
Ruler is the preferred measuring tool especially for
beginners. Most rulers are 6 or 12 inches long. It is
required when drawing sizes and distances.
Activity 1: Crossword puzzle
Directions: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue.
1 2 3 4

R U L E R
5

Across
2. This is used for fastening the paper on the work
table as a result it will keep the paper steady so it is
easier to move the tools around while drawing.
5. It cleans the dirt off the drawing.
Example:
6. Preferred measuring tool especially for
beginners. It is 6 or 12 inches long.
Down
1. It is a material use to draw on by a pencil or pen.
3. Pencils ought to be sharpened whenever they show
sign of dullness.
4. This is a tool typically used in reproducing a
drawing to enlarge or reduce its form to some regular
proportion.
 Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

LO 1.3. Classify hand tools and equipment according to function and task requirement.
Equipment in Technical Drafting
DRAWING EQUIPMENT

T-Square
Drawing equipment used to draw horizontal lines. Additionally, it can be used for guiding triangles in drawing vertical lines. It is
made from wood, plastic, or the mix of each.

Types of T-square:

Fixed Head - the top is mounted to the blade. This type of T-square is used for normal work.

Movable Head or Adjustable Head - the top is adjustable and used just for occasional drawing.

Detachable Head or Removable Head - designed for comfort in carrying the drafting instrument.

Triangle
A three-sided ruler that has usually two equal sides with a 90-degree angle and its third side is at 30, 45, or 60 degree angle.
Made of plastic and comes in numerous sizes. If in use, the bottom of the Triangle should rest on the T-square's blade.
Drawing vertical lines should start from the bottom going upward.

Commonly used triangles are:

a)30x60 degrees
b)45x45 degrees

Compass
Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw when using this equipment. It is
identical to a divider; however, compass has a pen leg and a needle point
on another leg bind with a handle. This drawing instrument is used for
penciling and inking.

Divider
Drawing equipment used to transfer measurements, dividing lines and arcs
into the specified range of equal components. It simply transfers correct
measurements by adjusting the divider points. Constant practice is critical
before doing an actual and final drawing so that you can use it with ease.

Protractor
It is a semi-circular instrument divided into 180-degree equal
components. It determines the gradations of the degrees in calculating
arcs, angles and circles. Prime quality of protractors is typically made
from plastic.
Activity 3: Word Search
Directions: There are ten (10) different drafting tools and drawing equipment that can be found in the
puzzle. An example is given for your guidance.

Summary
Engineers, architects and industrial designers understand the importance of technical drawing in planning, developing,
constructing and manufacturing. It is a language that these group of people in the industry can understand by just looking at
the drawing. Drawing is one of the universal languages that everyone can easily recognize. Drawing or illustrating techniques
has variety of techniques and styles.The primary purpose of drafting is to give you the essential information and skills which
will lead you in basic technical drafting skills, drawing conventions and necessary tools employed.
A practitioner of this field is called a drafter. A drafter possesses the skills in using different drawing tools and instruments to
help him produce output with consistency, accuracy and speed.
Drawing equipment are used for drawing purposes to produce accurate measurements.These equipment are also used for
layouts to interpret lines, objects and symbols. It is detailed with measurements to make sure that there is concise proportion
for clear interpretation by engineers and architects. Even designers used this equipment to relay their idea through drawing. It
is essential to understand what these equipment are and how they are properly used in a certain task to achieve effectiveness
and efficiency in production.
Great technical drawings will usually minimize delays in production because it is clear, concise and in detail. Technical
drawings ought to be correct and written in step with business standards. Distinguishing the correct drafting tools and
instruments to be used ought to be consistent to the function and task requirement.
It is vital to understand your tools and equipment well, so knowing the fundamental tools and instrument in drafting may be a
great way to begin making things right.
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the drafting materials, tools and instruments applicable to a
particular job.
1. Type of pencils that are very helpful for designs and art work of assorted kinds.
A. Eraser B. Compass C. Protractor D. Soft pencils
2. Type of pencils that are used for general purposes in drawing.
A. Eraser B. Pencil sharpener C. Medium pencils D. Soft pencils
3. A material that comes in variety and is used to draw on.
A. Divider B. Protractor C. Compass D. Drawing paper
4. Type of pencils used when extreme accuracy is needed particularly when drawing graphs, diagrams and charts.
A. Hard pencils B. Soft pencils C. Ruler D. Eraser
5. Type of t-square where the top is mounted to the blade and is used for normal work.
A. Divider B. Fixed Head C. Triangle D. Protractor
Matching Type
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write ONLY the letter of your chosen answer.
Column A Column B
Drawing arcs and circles is easier to draw when using this instrument. T-square
It is a drawing instrument used to draw horizontal lines. Drawing pencil
A tool most preferred for measuring especially for beginners. Triangle
This is the foremost vital tool in drawing. It comes in varied grades. Ruler
A three-sided ruler that has usually two equal sides with a 90 degree angle Compass
and its third side is at 30, 45, or 60 degree angle.
Eraser
 Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

MAINTAIN HAND TOOLS, DRAWING INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA (MT)

LO 1 . 1.1Perform safety procedures in maintaining hand tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia
Maintenance- is the work of keeping your tools or equipment in proper condition.
Preventative Maintenance (PM)- is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment, and machines in order to keep
them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend productivity.
Corrective Maintenance (CM). - is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction and
bringing something back to working order
All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Regulations require
inspections of tools, machines, and equipment before use. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are
potentially hazardous and can result in injury.
The successful maintenance program is:
• well organized and scheduled,
• controls hazards,
• defines operational procedures, and
• trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the kinds of
tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific inspection and maintenance requirements.
Electronic equipment may have different maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power
tools should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed
and those guards or other safety devices are operable, and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced.
Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service. Most manufacturers can provide
maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to
the capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may
be included in the leasing agreement.
General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:
• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic)
• Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted Specifying who is responsible for overseeing
equipment maintenance and where the records are kept
• Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment
The Growth of Interest in Maintenance
The factors contributing to the rapidly growing interest in maintenance are:
1.Technological development
This trend leads to a more mechanized and automated Technological development equipment, resulting in great productive
potential which must be kept working. This means that training facilities are becoming more complicated and required more
advanced maintenance.
2. Increasingly expensive raw materials
Finite raw materials, in combination with a growing population and increasing assumption, inevitably result in higher raw
material prices. Unavoidably, the costs of all by-products must rise. It is therefore often more profitable to maintain existing
equipment than purchase new ones.
3. Greater complication
A complicated facility of piece of equipment includes many components, any, or all of which can constitute possible sources
of trouble. Although the operational reliability of each individual component may be very high, it is necessary to multiply
reliability factor of all components that are dependent on each other in a system in order to arrive at the total system reliability.
4. Increased fixed costs
Capital costs constitute a considerable part of the total costs of training and must be covered by the added value created. If
training stops as a result of inadequate maintenance, capital costs (depreciation) must still be paid, so that the standstill
results in a net loss. Still, the salaries and overhead expenses must be paid while training is stopped.
5. Reduce delayed activities and eradicate uncompleted work
Many work processes depend on an uninterrupted flow of activities to produce desired result. If an activity is delayed, the
entire work stops. If all the facilities and equipment are reliable working well, work delay can be reduced.
6. Environmental concern
The growing quantity of electronic wastes (monitors, laptops, cellular phones, other electronic gadgets and its substances),
the increasing use of chemicals such as cleaning agents, paints, fuel and its derivatives, the by-products created from its use,
and its disposal, pose danger to the environment and all living things.
Mass awareness on waste management brings the relevance of conserving the natural resources and the products
(machines, tools) thru proper maintenance to lengthen its useful life.
SAFETY PROCEDURE IN USING HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
The use of hand tools in accomplishing tasks and job orders greatly increase the productivity and accuracy of a
worker. Although hand tools provide convenience and ease in completing any task, it may also cause injuries and infirmities if
used incorrectly. Safety procedures must always be a priority in any workplace so that the security of all is assured.
A worker must always be aware of the task he must accomplish so that he would know the hand tools that he needs.
Choosing the correct tools for a specific task will reduce the chance of inflicting bodily injuries. Selecting the wrong tool may
damage the tool itself and harm the user. Reading the operational procedures of a particular tool is greatly advised.
Different types of tools can be utilized differently. Listed below are some of the ways to utilize these tools but also
maintain safety in using them:
Cutting tools such as cutters, splicing tool and scissors must always be kept sharp. Dull tools often cause more
injuries and malfunctions than a sharp one. It is also required that a worker cut away from his direction or his hands and
fingers.
To prevent cuts:
 Use the right tool for the job. (Only use the tool only for the job it was designed for. For example, a knife should not
be used as a pry bar, can opener, chisel, punch, awl, scraper, or screwdriver.)
 Educate and train all staff in the safe use of any tool they may use.
 Inspect the tool before use.
 Make sure the blade is sharp. Dull blades require more force, increasing the chance of injury.
 Carry one tool at a time, tip and blade pointed down at your side.
 Work in a well-lit space so you can see what you are doing.
 Cut on a stable surface. Use a cutting board and/or slip-resistant matting to prevent the item from sliding on the
counter.
 Where possible, use a mechanical device to hold the item.
 Hold the tool with your stronger hand.
 Use protective clothing such as cut resistant or mesh gloves, especially for the holding hand. Safety glasses will
protect the eyes if the blade shatters or breaks.
 Cut away from your body. Make sure no body parts are in the cutting path, or in the path the blade might take if it
slips.
 If the tool has a retractable blade, retract it immediately after use, and retract it fully. Similarly, close scissors or
snips when not in use.
 Place the tool at the back of the counter when not in use, with the sharp edge away from you.
 Store tools appropriately. For example, store knives securely in a knife rack or drawer, with the handles facing the
front. Or create racks, slots, or boxes near the workspace to store the tool.
 Throw out broken, dull, or rusty blades by placing them in a puncture resistant container.
 Do not use excessive pressure when cutting.
 Do not try to catch a falling tool. Quickly move out of the way, let it fall, and then pick it up.
 Do not engage in horseplay with a tool in your hand.
 Do not engage in discussions with your co-workers while you are using a sharp tool. Stop cutting if you need to look
up or focus on something else.
 Do not carry tools while carrying other objects.
 Do not carry an open tool in your pocket.
 Do not drop or leave a sharp tool in a place where it cannot be seen; for example, by placing other items on top of
the tool.
 Do not pass or throw a tool to someone else. Place the tool or knife on the counter and let the other person pick it
up. Tools like scissors can be passed in the closed position, handle first.
Gripping tools such as pliers must maintain a strong grip. Handles must be slip-free, jaws have a strong grip and its blades
well sharpened. To utilize this tool. A worker must firmly hold it by its handle and make sure the not too much stress is applied
to the wrist or the arm.
Driving tools must always be kept straight. Wrenches must be free from any substance that may cause slippage. The jaws
must also have a strong grip. Screw drivers must maintain a straight body, a non-slip handle, and an undamaged tip. Proper
grip and turning of the wrist will also increase efficiency.
A striking tool’s handle must be well attached to its head to avoid it from flying away. To utilize this tool, a worker must hold it
comfortably and firmly in his hand before swinging.
Diagnostic tools such as a tester must always be calibrated before use. Only use the tools as recommended by the
manufacturer.
Work space must also be observed properly. The possibility of harm and injuries is greatly increased by an unsafe workplace.
One must always be aware of the hazards that are present in the work area. The space available in the workplace also
influences the efficiency and accuracy of using a hand tool. Working in a tight space may require to use a different set of tools
that would fit in the limited area.

Activity 1
Do the activity below this is an exit card this will help you evaluate what you have learned ,liked, inspire
or ignite your learning so as with what the things that you still don’t understand. Follow the example
given.

EXIT
EXIT CARD
CARD
3
3 things
things II Learned
Learned today
today 2
2 things
things II found
found 1
1 question
question II shall
shall Have
Have
Interesting
Interesting
Example
Example :: 1.
1. benefits
benefits of
of having
having 1.
1. What
What are
are the
the
1.
1. different
different types
types of
of tools
tools tools
tools potential
potential risk
risk in
in
2.
2. Uses
Uses ofof tools
tools 2.
2. pros
pros and
and cons
cons using
using this
this tools
tools
3.
3. Functions
Functions
1.
1.
1.
1. –
– 1.
1. –
–

2.
2. –
– 2.
2. --

3.
3. --

Activity 1.1
Direction: look for safety tips or procedure in the box and write it to the columns under tits
corresponding tools. The first one is done for you.
 Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

LO1. 1.2 PROCEDURES IN CLEANING, TIGHTENING AND SIMPLE REPAIR OF HAND TOOLS, DRAWING
INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT, AND PARAPHERNALIA.

Drafting tools are often delicate and have many intricate and small pieces that need to be well maintained to
continue working properly. Organizing and storing these items has a great deal to do with keeping them in
pristine shape and working correctly. With a little patience and developing a routine, your tools will be well
taken care of and working for a long time.
THINGS YOU WILL NEED
•Gentle cleaner •Cleaning cloth •Rubber bands
•Drafting tube •Organizer tray •File folder
• Card stock •Plastic pouches •Art bin storage box

1) Lay out all the drafting tools 2) Using

that you use and separate them cloth an
into piles of like items. Place all that hav
pencils together, markers, Pencils,
erasers, rulers, stencils, paper rulers of
and miscellaneous. from fing

3) Take the erasers and rub out

4). Run
any black marks. Do this by
drafting
rubbing the eraser against a
loose de
clean piece of paper until the
with the
black smudge has disappeared.
any resid
For kneaded erasers, these can
simply be stretched and
remodeled into a ball, similar to
bread dough, to get the black
6).smudge
Place the marks
pensout
and
markers into the long slots of
the organizer tray. Place the
5). Roll up your drafting erasers in the smaller cube
papers into a tight roll. slots. Fill in with any other
Secure them with a rubber drafting materials, such as
band at each end. Place lead refills, push pins, paper
the roll into a drafting tube clips, small rulers, and
for storage. mounting stickers.

8). Make a folder to hold all your stencils. Create

7). Take your compass and holding flaps in an ascending order so the
wipe it off with the cleaning stencils can be layered and easy to see and
cloth. If it is going to be stored access when needed. To make these flaps,
in the organizer tray, wind the simply use card stock paper and cut it into 3- or
compass down until it is 4-inch sections. Glue each section onto a large
straight (versus at an angle, main piece of card stock, starting towards the
making a triangle shape). If it top for the smallest stencil and working your way
has its own case, then wind it down to the bottom. Glue three of the four
to the size the case has set for edges, leaving the top edge open for the stencil
it to be stored and place it into to slide into.
the box.
9). Place this newly made stencil holder into a large 10) Place the drafting brush and rulers into the pouch.
Then place the organizer tray into the pouch. If the
plastic or mesh pouch. Put a dry-cleaning cloth in the
pouch, placed over the stencils, to help keep them compass had its own storage box, then place this in the
pouch. All the major tools should now be in this portable
clean.
carrying pouch with your paper in the separate portable
carrying drafting tube.
Proper Care and Maintenance
It is essential to take proper care of the drafting tools, materials, and equipment. Below are some tips to properly use and take
care of them.
1.Avoid dropping your tools and equipment.
2.Never use measuring tools in cutting paper.
3.Wipe off the surface and edges of triangles and T-squares.
4.Sharpen and store your pencils properly after use.
5.Find or create and organizer where you can hang your measuring tools.
6.Have a separate container for making tools.
7. Keep your drawing sheets in a plastic tube to protect them from a dust and dirt.
8.Never lend or borrow drafting tools and materials if may.
Hand tools and equipment are subjected to different levels of abuse while in
use. These abuses may result in the tools being dirty, loosely connected or
even damaged. Before using any tool or equipment, it is a must that they be
inspected properly to ensure that they are operational and safe.
One basic thing to remember to keep hand tools, equipment, and
paraphernalia clean is to make sure that the workplace is properly organized.
The work area must always be kept neat and tidy.
All tools and equipment must be placed in a clean and dry place.
Clean tools and equipment work more efficiently. This lessens the effort
needed to operate them and reduces the possibility of mishaps.
Before cleaning any tool, be sure to wear the proper personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Gloves, masks, and goggles are usually worn when cleaning tools since most cleaning agents and solutions are
harmful to the human body. Only use cleaning agents as prescribed by the tool or equipment’s manufacturer. Follow
the cleaning procedures as well to make sure that no damage will be inflicted on the tools.
• Cleaning the tools after use is highly recommended. Tools with moving parts often suffer loosening of its parts. This
is normal since these segments keep on moving. A tool with loose parts will not function properly and may cause
injuries.
• Gripping tools such as a plier is an example that needs tightening. A plier’s rivet must be well tightened to be able to
grip properly.
• Lubricants must also be applied after tightening to reduce the friction.
• Driving tools’ handles must also be tightened to reduce hand strain when turning. A loosely connected handle will
make it almost impossible to use it.
In doing simple repair of tools, make sure that you are knowledgeable in doing so. Repairing tools without sufficient
skills may result to further damage or inflict injuries to the fixer. Small repairs like tightening, sharpening, and changing of
handles may not require special skills to do. Power tools and specialized equipment on the other hand may require specialized
skills in repairing. It is recommended that complicated tools and equipment be brought to the authorized service center. If a
tool or equipment is beyond repair, it must be disposed properly.
PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT
To guarantee that tools and equipment remain in good working condition and extend its usability, store them properly.
Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost. Good practices include:
• Parts should be properly stored and labeled (Figure 1).
• Tools should be properly placed on the board and labeled (Figure 2). Consider drawing the shapes of the tools on the
board so that they always get put back in the same position.
• Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).
• Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance of tools and parts.

Benefits:
• Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
• Costs are reduced.
• Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and equipment.
• Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.
 Activity 2
Enumeration:
List at least 5 tips to properly use and take care of hand tools, equipment,
and paraphernalia.

1. ___________________________________________________________
_____
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________

Give the 4 Benefits of Properly Stored hand tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia.
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________

Activity 2.1
Read carefully and answer the following, complete the cross word puzzle.
 Department of Education
Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Olongapo City, Zambales

Technology and Livelihood Education- Home Economics/IT

LO 1.3 Identify common malfunction (unplanned or unusual events) when using tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and
paraphernalia.
Common malfunction when using hand tools, drawing instruments, equipment, and paraphernalia
The proper use of tools, equipment and paraphernalia will greatly increase efficiency and occupational safety in a workplace.
Having the proper knowledge and skills in using such tools is needed in order to operate and use them effectively. But more
often than not, problems and malfunctions may arise while using these tools. These malfunctions can be minimized by
exercising careful usage of the tools.
Malfunctions and other unplanned and unusual event may not be totally eliminated, but it can surely be minimized.
Listed below are some of the malfunctions and unplanned events when using the different tools in completing a job
requirement:
When using a driving tool, screws may slip the tip of the screwdriver. This happens when the screwdriver is not properly
aligned with drive of the screw’s head. This can be minimized by making sure that the tip of the screwdriver is well secured in
the drive of the screw’s head. Using a screwdriver with a magnetized tip can also help minimize this type of malfunction.
Small objects tend to fall down when being held by a gripping tool like pliers. This usually happens when the jaws of the pliers
are blunt, thus making it hard to hold on things. This can be prevented by making sure that gripping tools have well maintained
jaws that can grasp objects properly.
The use of striking tools also imposes a great threat if there will be a malfunction. Common hazards are heads separating
away from the handle. This could cause severe injuries to anyone. To avoid this type of accident, the handle of a striking tool
must be tightly attached to its head.
Mishaps in using cutting tools is also dangerous. Malfunctions may arise from slippage of the material to be cut. This may also
happen if a cutting tool is not sharp enough. These unplanned events will cause laceration and wounds to the user. To avoid
this, cutting tools must always be kept sharp.
Power tools also impose danger during mishaps. Common problems are electrical short circuiting or mechanical problems.
Malfunctioning power tools may cause electrocution and even decapitation of the limbs. These accidents can be avoided by
making sure that all power tools are well maintained and are in fit operating condition.
Diagnostic tools may not impose a threat to the well-being of a worker, but inaccurate reading may compromise the
completion of a job requirement. Inaccurate reading may occur if a diagnostic tool is not properly calibrated. To avoid this, a
regular calibration to all diagnostic tools must be done.
Activity 3
List at least 5 tools, /equipment or paraphernalia in drafting, identify its malfunction, possible cause and
provide solution. You can do crowd sourcing by asking your friends in social media to get first-hand
experience. write their answers on the table provided.

Type of Tool Common Possible cause Action Taken

equipment or malfunction Solution.
paraphernalia

0.eraser Causes dirt on Not properly Clean the eraser

drawings/canvas cleaned by wiping it with
clean cloth or
cotton

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Summary:
 • It is important to consider safety measures whether in the industrial arts laboratory shop, drafting room or in the home
workshop. Good housekeeping is one of the sure ways to keep a safe workplace. It is not the result of cleaning up
once a week or even once a day
• It is the responsibility of everyone to maintain the good operating condition of all the hand tools, equipment and
paraphernalia in the workplace. Since these tools help in thecompletion of the different job requirements, keeping
them well preserved will make work easier and more efficient.
• There is certainly no absolute way to avoid any unforeseen malfunctions.The only way to minimize them is to have
the appropriate knowledge in using the different tools.Proper inspection and assessment of tools must also be
practiced to ensure the safety of the worker and the accurate completion of a job requirement. Having a first aid kit in
the work area is also necessary so that quick response and cure can be applied in case of any injuries.
•
Assessment: (Post-Test)

1. In storing your drawings, the following are best practices 8. What is the best way to do with damage and defective
except. tools equipment and materials in order not to cause harm?
a. Roll up your drafting papers into a tight roll. a. should be tagged and removed from service.
b. Secure them with a rubber band at each end. b. Inform everyone that the equipment is damage
c. Fold your drawing into four parts and sealed it with c. Report it to the manager
adhesive tape. d. Cover it with cloth or any plastic so that it can’t be used.
d. Place the roll into a drafting tube for storage.
2. A compass could be cleaned with _____. 9. Tools with moving parts often suffer ____________ of its
a. Alcohol c. clean cloth parts.
b. Lubricants and oil d. sand paper a. dealignment c. loosening
3.How will you clean your drafting brush? Choose two b. breaking d. tightening
I. Run your hands through your drafting brush to remove
10. Malik experience malfunctions in using his cutting tools the
any loose debris
materials to be cut suddenly slipped. Why do you think is the
II. Squeeze your drafting brush to remove dust.
reason why this happens?
III. wipe it down with the cleaning cloth to remove any
a. Making hard to hold on c. heads are separated from handle
residue from the handle.
b. Tool is not sharp enough d. Inaccurate calibration
a.I & II b. I & III c. II &I d. II & III
11. What can you suggest before using any tools, equipment or
4. Joules notice that upon erasing a portion of his drawing a materials in order to avoid mishaps?
black smudge will appear, de decided to clean it. How will a. Inspect the tools before using it
he properly clean it in order to remove black smudge? b. Try the equipment before using it
a. by rubbing the eraser against a clean piece of paper c. Ask the in-charge before using the tool
until the black smudge has disappeared. d. Plug it to lower voltage
b. Wiping it with a clean cloth.
12. Repairing tools without sufficient skills may result to further
c. Spraying it with cleaning solution and damp it with a
______ or inflict _______to the fixer.
towel.
a. Mishaps; harm c. Damage ; injuries
d. Cutting the portion of eraser with black smudge.
b. Productivity ; effectiveness d. Misfortune ; accident
13. Mathew wears gloves, masks, and goggles when cleaning
5. Pencils, markers, stencils and rulers often retain oils on
tools since most cleaning agents and solutions are harmful to the
them from fingers what is the best way of cleaning them?
human body. What do you call the things did he wear?
a. Use paper towel to wipe the dirt and oil.
a. Protective Gear c. PPE
b. Wash it with water and soap rinse and let it dry.
b. Anti-viral Shield d. working accessories
c. Using the cleaner, spray the cloth and wipe down
supplies that have residue on them.
d. Roll them in a dry tissue paper and put them in a pouch,
14. After cleaning and tighten the tools Clarence put lubricants to
let the oil dry itself.
the joints. Why do you think he did that?
a. to reduce the friction c. to dis-infect
6. Hand tools provide convenience and ease in completing b.to keep the tools clean d. to remove dirt and rust
any task, it may also cause _______ and ________ if used
incorrectly.
a. damage and harm c. cuts and burns 15. ________ is one of the sure ways to keep a safe workplace.
b. Injuries and infirmities d. fatigue and stress a. Cleaning c. Maintenance
b. Good House Keeping d. Safety
7. Selecting the wrong tool may _________ the tool itself
and harm the user.
a. alter b. break c. crack d. damage
 Key to Answers

References
 Dante B. Bernas and Mirasol F. Dasig; K to 12 BEC TLE Learning Module - Mechanical Drafting for Grade 7/8; Module
Lamberto Dionisio, et al; K to 12 BEC TLE Learning Module - Mechanical Drafting for Grade 7/8
Drafting Equipment: http://kmhs.typepad.com/files/ch_03.pdf
Technical Drawing Tool: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing_tool
Ned Millis; What Tools Are Used for Technical Drawings?
https://careertrend.com/list-6570934-tools-used-technical-drawings-.html
Technical Drawing by Northern Architecture
https://www.northernarchitecture.us/building-codes/technical-drawing.html
FlipHTML5 – Fundamentals of Engineering Drawings
http://online.fliphtml5.com/rmjj/cfsj/#p=1
Drawing Practice: Drawing Instruments and Materials (with video)
http://basictechnologynotes.blogspot.com/2013/10/jss-1-topic-5-drawing-practice-drawing.html
Introduction to Engineering Drawing (video clip)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4xZmBpXIzQ
Drafting Tools by Alvin Drafting (video clips for tutorials)
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJ7jO-mt2Ya9p6DaywhUijQZsrapLHmCD
http://ndcacop.blogspot.com/2017/01/safety-procedure-in-using-hand-tools_89.html
https://ndcdela-on.blogspot.com/2017/01/safety-procedures-in-using-hand-tools.html
Source: https://school.quipper.com/en-PH/index.html
https://homesteady.com/12170358/how-to-take-care-of-drafting-tools
http://ndcacop.blogspot.com/2017/01/proper-tool-use.html
http://ndcacop.blogspot.com/2017/01/common-malfunction-in-hand-tools.html
https://ndcmejica.blogspot.com/2017/01/common-malfunction-in-hand-tools.html

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-

BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088 328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph

This revise module is based on the Learners Module In cookery 9 except for the activities.
Some of the pictures was taken to google site