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WEEK 9
Data Management
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson students must be able to:
• Make a frequency table for a set data
• Create frequency distribution for a data set
• Present data from a frequency distribution in a histogram, frequency polygon, or ogive.
Lesson Coverage
• Frequency Distribution Table
• Parts of a Frequency Distribution Table
• Construction of a Frequency Distribution Table
Frequency Distribution
In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list, table or graph that displays the frequency of
various outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count of the
occurrences of values within a particular group or interval.
LEAP MODULE FIRST SEMESTER
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD A.Y. 2020-2021
Array - This is the arrangement of data from the highest to lowest of from lowest to highest.
Given the following scores of 50 students in Mathematics in the Modern World highest. Given
the following scores of 50 students in Mathematics in the Modern World
1. Find the range of the given data. Range is the difference between the highest and the
lowest number.
R = H - L
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Number of Classes = +1
𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
Note : a. If series contains less than 50 cases, 10 classes or less are just enough.
b. If series contains 50 to 100 cases, 10 to 15 classes are recommended.
c. If more than 100 cases, 15 or more classes are good.
45 - 47 3
42 - 44 4
39 - 41 4
36 - 38 4
33 - 35 2
30 - 32 3
27 - 29 13
24 - 26 8
21 - 23 3
18 - 20 3
15 - 17 0
12 - 14 2
9 - 11 1
N= 50
= 5%
5
Example 2. %f = ∗ 100
6
= 8.33%
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Cumulative frequency distribution is obtained by adding the class frequencies. Partial sums are
taken in each class interval. This answers questions like “ the number of students who got passing
mark”, or “ the number of employees who got an efficiency rating from 75% to 95%,” and so on.
LEAP MODULE FIRST SEMESTER
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD A.Y. 2020-2021
1. Less than Cumulative Frequency Distribution (<cumf ) – refers to the distribution whose frequencies
are less than or below the upper class boundary they correspond to. This is obtained by adding
successively from the lowest to the highest class interval.
2. More than Cumulative Frequency Distribution (>cumf ) – refers to the distribution whose
frequencies are more than or above the lower class boundary they correspond to. This is obtained by
adding successively from the highest to the lowest class interval.
Graphical Representation refers to the pictorial representation of data. It enables the researcher to see
at a glance the general characteristics and special features of such data.
1. Histogram – refers to a data presentation that uses bars to represent the frequencies of each
class. Frequency of each class plotted.
2. Frequency Polygon – dots are used and are connected by lines making a polygon. Frequency in
each class and class marks are plotted.
3. < Ogive and > Ogive – makes use of class boundaries and cumulative frequencies. Ogive is used to
study the growth rate of data as it shows the accumulation of frequency.
LEAP MODULE FIRST SEMESTER
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD A.Y. 2020-2021
How To Make a Simple Frequency Table and Mean, Median, and Mode of ungrouped data
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyRbCwDDnJo
Sources:
Morris, Elbo