Chronology May 16, 1969-August 15, 1969

Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Autumn, 1969), pp. 503-528
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4324514 .
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 CHRONOLOGY
May 16, 1969-August 15, 1969

Arab IsraeliConflict Jordan reportedan Israeli jet strike on Kuray-

May 17: Israel reportedthat an Arab guerrilla band
raided a fortifiedIsraeli position acrossthe Jordan
river and retreatedunderJordaniancover fire. One
Israeliand 12 Arabswere reportedkilled.
May 19: The PalestinianArmed Struggle Command
(PASC) reported a clash with an Israeli patrol
south of the Sea of Galilee in which severalIsraelis
were reportedkilled and severalvehicles destroyed.
May 21: Israel reported its ground forces had de-
stroyedbuildingsin the Jordanianvillage of al-Safi
which were reportedly used by Arab guerrillas
operating in the area. Jordan reported destroying
an Israeli tank and shooting down an Israeliplane
in the attack.
An Israeli military spokesman reported that
Israeli jets had downed 3 of 4 Egyptian jets rev
portedly on a reconnaissancemission near al-
Qantarah. Egypt reported the clash saying that
Israeli jets were attempting an intrusion into the
Canal zone, that an Israeli jet had been hit and
that all Egyptianplanes had returnedsafely.
May 23: The United Kingdom confirmeda $4.5m
pledge to UNRWA, it was reported.
May 24: Syria complainedto the UN that Israel was
removing archeologicaltreasuresfrom the Jawlan
area (Golan Heights).
May 25: Jordancomplainedto UNESCOover Israeli
excavationsin the Haram al-Sharif area of Jeru-
salem, saying that the excavationswere being done
unscientificallyand incompetently and that the
digging threatenedthe Aqsa mosque.
May 26: The US submitted proposals for a peace
settlementin the Middle East to the USSR.
May 27: An Israeli military spokemanreportedthat
Syrians had fired on an Israeli patrol north of
al-Qunaytirah.No casualtieswere reported.
yimah. Israel denied the report.
May 28: An Israelispokesmanreportedan Arab com-
mando rocket attackon Jericho, wounding a resi-
dent and destroyinga building.
May 29: Israel reportedan air battle in the Jawain
area in which a Syrianplane was shot down. Syria
acknowledgedthe loss and reportedshooting down
an Israeli jet.
May 30: The IsraelinewspaperHa'aretzreportedthat
a new NAHAL outposthad been establishedin the
Sinai Peninsulawest of Raf'ah.
May 31: The Tapline pilpelinewas sabotagedin the
Jawlan area, west of Banyas, with an estimated
3,000 tons of crude spilied from the line causing
a 14 hour fire. A splinter group of the Popular
Front for the Liberationof Palestine (PFLP) led
by Ahmad Jabril claimed responsibility for the
blast and said "we shall continue to strike against
US imperialistinterestsin the area, interestswhich
are inseparable from the interests of Zionist
Israel."
June 1: Reutersreportedan Israeliwarningto Jordan
against allowing its regular forces to collaborate
with the commandos.
The West Bank newspaperal-Quds published
the announcementof the formationof a new com-
mando organization,the Arab LiberationFront.
The UAR newspaper al-Ahram strongly criti-
cized the pipeline sabotagesaying that the action
did not harm Israeland was not justifiable.
June 2: Israeli Defense MinisterMoshe Dayan called
for developmentof industriesin the occupiedareas,
the introductionof socially progressivemeasures,
particularlyin electoralreformand emphasizedthe
need to establish lasting contacts with the Arabs
in the region.

The quarterlychronologyof the Journalis compiledfrom a large number of sources;somewhatmore than

half of the items are drawn from the New York Times; other sources include Middle East Economic Digest
of London, Daily Report of Foreign Broadcast Information Service of Washington, Arab News and Views
of New York, bulletins of the United Nations Office of Public Information,United Nations, New York,
United Nations Newsletter, Middle East Economic Survey of Beirut, the Washington Post of Washington,
D. C., Arab Report and Record of London, the Baghdad Observer of Baghdad, The New Middle East of
London,Africa Report of Washington,D. C., and Middle East Newsletter of New York, regularand occa-
sional bulletins from the offices of press attachesof Middle Eastern Embassiesin Washington, Pakistan
Affairs of Washington, Pakistan News Digest of Karachi and The Maghreb Digest of the School of Inter-
national Relations,Universityof SouthernCaliforniain Los Angeles.

503

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504 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

June 3: Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir said the
government would keep Tapline closed until the
government received guarantees from Tapline
againstguerrillasabotage.
The Voice of Fath broadcastresolutionsof the
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Execu-
tive Committee appointing 'Abd al-Razzaq al-
Yahya as PalestineLiberationArmy (PLA) Com-
mander in Chief, reducing salaries for all high
ranking PLO members and raising salaries for
all PLO personnelin the lower ranks.
June 4: The PLO announcedit would levy a "libera-
tion tax," effectiveJuly 1, on Palestiniansthrough- occupied territoryand said "in the coming battle
out the world.
Dayan confirmed the dismantling of the
Nabulus-Tuilkarm railwayin the West Bank.
June 5: The PLO issued a statement saying that
neither the PLO nor the PASC "had at anytime
planned or taken part in a joint operationwith the
PFLP."
Arab shopkeepersin the Old City of Jerusalem
and Nabulus closed their stores, marking the
anniversaryof the June war.
Israeli and Egyptian forces exchanged artillery gave the residentsa week to leave. Ownersof the
fire along the Canal.
rune 6: The USSR Pravdapublishedan article prais-
ing UAR PresidentNasir's "soberrealisticattitude"
towardsthe Palestineconflictand condemning"na-
tionalistsand revanchists"who are "whippingup"
the people and the army "with the aim of pushing
the United Arab Republic into an adventurist
course.
June 7: One Israeli soldier was killed when Arab
commandosfired on an Israeli patrol south of the
Sea of Galilee.
June 8: The Israelimilitarycourt at Lyddasentenced
2 Arabs, convicted of planting the bomb in the
March explosion at the Hebrew University, to 5
and 25 years in prison.
June 9: The Israeli Knesset extended for an addi-
tional 6 months the deadline in which Arab busi-
nessmen and professionalsregisterwith the Israeli
government.
Israel deported 9 Arab residents of the West
Bank chargedwith inciting and organizing recent
strikes and demonstrations.
June 11: The Voice of Fath condemned "new sham
organizations"which were set up by US embassies
"in cooperation with the counterrevolutionary cease-firelines areas.
forces."
June 12: An Israeli patrol and an Arab guerrilla
band ended a 2 hour clash at Khirbit Jabris with
the 8 man band and 3 Israeliskilled. Fath issued a
communique saying that the Israelis had used
tanks, helicoptersand planes to destroy the Arab
position.
June 13: USSR Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko
issued a joint communique with the UAR an-
nouncingthe USSR's "completesupportof the just
struggle launchedby Egypt and other Arab coun- June 20: MuhammadHaykal, editor of al-Ahram,
tries to liquidate the consequencesof aggression"
and calling for adherenceto "all parts and pro-
visions" of the November 1967 Security Council
resolution.
Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban said the
UAR-USSR communiquewas a "verbatimrepeti-
tion" of a 2 year old policy and "it proves that
the United Arab Republic and the Soviet Union
are responsible for the immobility and rigidity
which have blocked all efforts to turn away from
the tensions and rancor"of the present.
June 14: UAR War MinisterMuhammadFawzi de-
scribed 1969 as the "yearof liberation"of Israeli
with Israel there will be no differencesbetween
the military front and the people's rear lines."
June 15: Israeli and Egyptianforces exchangedartil-
lery fire in a 3 hour clash from Isma'iliyyahto
al-Qantarah.
Israeli authoritiesevicted the last Arab families
living against the Wailing Wall and began demo-
lition of the area'sstructures.
June 16: Israel issued an order requisitioning 300
acres of Arab owned land near Kfar Etzion and
land were to be compensated.
An Israelispokesmansaid that 1 Arabwas killed
and 21 injuredwhen a grenadeexploded in Gaza.
June 17: An Americantouristwas killed and another
wounded during Iraqi shelling on Kallia near the
Dead Sea.
IsraeliPrime MinisterMeir said that the Middle
East conflictremains"not becausethe Arabsdo not
want to meet for direct negotiations but because
they do not want peace itself."
The USSR submitted a detailed reply to the
US proposalsfor a peace settlement.
June 18: Israeli jets attackedan area north of the
'Abdallah Bridge in what an Israeli spokesman
termedan "answerto 600 acts of aggression"com-
mitted this year from Jordanianterritory.Jordan
reported the attack and said 4 soldiers had been
killed and 7 wounded.
Al-Quds reportedan Israeli decision that Gaza
sector citrus exports to westernEuropeand Singa-
pore must be carriedout through the Israel Citrus
Board.
Israeli Minister of Tourism Moshe Kol warned
visitors in the countryto stay away from the 1967
June 19: Israel reported killing 4 Arabs on a
suspectedintelligence mission in the Jawlan area.
An Israeli patrol killed 4 Arabs near the Gaza
Strip when the unarmedArabstried to escapeafter
being challenged by the patrol.
A Jordanian military spokesman said that 1
civilian was killed and 6 wounded in an Israeli
jet attackin the southernJordanValley.
A bomb exploded in Jerusalem, damaging a
power pylon and partiallyblackingout the city.
wrote that in Nasir's talks with Gromyko, Nasir

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 CHRONOLOGY 505

felt the 4 power talks were "withoutharm"since A UAR military spokesmansaid that Egyptian
"what is essential is what we accept or what we commandos had killed 22 Israelis in an assault
reject"and said that there could be no negotiation on an Israeli position north of al-Shatt.Israel re-
with Israel while it occupies Arab territory,that ported the Egyptian landing, saying that Israeli
Israel must withdraw from all territory occupied forces had repulsed an attemptedEgyptian land-
in June 1967 and that there can be no bargaining ing, with 1 Israeli killed in the encounter.
concerning "the rights of the Palestinianpeople." The Libyan Embassy in Amman reported the
An Israeli spokesman said that an Israeli patrol Prime Minister's request that all ministries and
craft had capturedan Egyptianfishing boat off the public organizationsin Libya collect a 6% libera-
Sinai Peninsula and detained the 19 man crew tion tax from Palestiniansworking in Libya for
pending a securityinvestigation. transferto the PLO.
Three bombs exploded near the Wailing Wall, June 25: Israeli authoritiesevicted 17 Arab families
killing an Arab and wounding an Israeli soldier. from buildings in the Old City along the route
June 21: Egyptian commandos reported staging 2 used by Jewish worshippersto the Wailing Wall.
raids on the Sinai Peninsula in which an Israeli The structureswere to be used to billet Israeli
patrol was ambushed and an Israeli fortification soldiers to "insure the safety" of visitors to the
destroyed. Wall.
The Arab League'sBoycott of Israel Office an- June 26: An Israeli military spokesman said that
nounced a ban on the US CBS for "rendering Israeli jets had shot down 2 Egyptian MIG-21s
consultative services and technical assistance"to in a clash over the Canal.
Israel'stelevision network. An Egyptianspokesmansaid that 2 Greek ships
June 22: Israel announcedher commandoshad at- in the Port of Suez were hit by Israeli fire during
tackedan Egyptianradarstation at Ras Adibiyyah, an artilleryduel over the Canal.
killing 15 Egyptiansoldiers and destroyinga gen- Israeli jets carried out bombing raids against
erator,projectorand a pylon. An Egyptianmilitary Jordanianpositions south of the Sea of Galilee.
spokesman said that the installation was a coast Fath charged the PFLP with increasing abuses
guardstation,and that only 5 Egyptianswere killed "particularlyduring the past month when it
and 7 woundedand that 4 Israelisoldiershad been claimedoperationsat the Wailing Wall, the Haifa
killed in the clash. pipeline and operationsin Gaza."
Mrs. Meir ordered the suspension of the June Jordanrequesteda meeting of the UN Security
16 land requisitioningorder pending her review Council, complaining of Israel's "utter disregard"
of the question. for the will of the inhabitantsof Jerusalemand
The CommissionerGeneral of the Israel Boy- her non-compliancewith the Council's resolution
cott Office said that CBS correspondentswould of May 1968.
not be barred from Arab countries despite the June 27: Al-Ahrdmpublisheda purportedUS peace
Officeboycottof CBS and that the ban applied to plan for the Middle East, listing the main points
the network'srecordingsand programs. as an end to the state of war in the area, demili-
June 23: An Israeli military spokesmanannounced tarization of Israeli-heldEgyptian territoriesand
that Israeli commandoshad crossed the Yarmuk stationing of peacekeepingforces in those areas,
River in Jordan and blown up the irrigation Israeliwithdrawalto pre-June1967 boundaries,an
system linked with the East Ghor Canal. end to officialassistanceto commandogroups and
Israel announcedthat Egyptiancommandoshad the reopeningof the Canaland the Gulf of Aqaba
crossed the Canal on June 21, wounded 4 Israelis to all internationaltraffic.US State Department
and laid mines in the Israeli-heldarea near Little spokesman Robert McCloskeydescribedal-Ahraim's
Bitter Lake. plan as "not correct."
Israeli Ministerof Religious AffairsZerah War- Dayan said that Israel must treat the Pales-
haftigcalled on all religiousleadersto help Israelin tinians in the West Bank "as a governmenttreats
"re-establishingJerusalemas the world's religious its citizens" and included in Israel's "homeland"
shrine"and said that they should recognize"Israel's Nabulus and Jericho. He also said the return of
right to govern the city because only then can the Golan Heights was no longer negotiable.
they be assuredof complete religious freedom and June 28: A Jordanianmilitary spokesmansaid that
unhampered access to the sites that are sacred to Israeli machine guns and tanks were used against
them." Jordanians attempting to repair the East Ghor
June 24: An oil pipeline leading from the Haifa port Canal.
was blown up. Israeli officialsestimateda loss of June 29: The New Yoik Times published reports
1,000 tons of fuel in the ensuing 5 hour blaze. that 4 Israeli jets had flown low over Cairo on
Israeli police arrestedover 170 suspectsafter the June 17 without being challenged by Egyptian
explosion, with 120 detained. The Palestinian anti-aircraftfire or jets.
Armed Struggle Commandand the PFLP claimed June 30: Mrs. Meir discussedIsrael's new policy of
responsibility for the blast. "swift and severe" reprisals, saying that Arab

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506 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
violations of the cease-fireagreementswere being
deliberatelyrepaid "sevenfold"and said that the
4 powers' "intervention. . . is being construed
by the Arab states as acquiescencewith their re-
fusal to open negotiations with Israel." She also
announced Israel's decision not to interfere with
repair work on the East Ghor Canal "on the
assumptionthat Jordantakes effectivemeasuresto
stop her army and Fatah from shelling our settle-
ments and infiltrating."
Israel announcedher commandoshad sabotaged
Egypt'selectric power line between Cairo and the
Aswan Dam. Egyptian spokesmanZayyat denied
Israeli reports that commandos had damaged a
power line on the Upper Nile and said the Israeli
pilots "might have attacked some high-tension
lines outside the UAR."
A car, reportedlypackedwith over 200 pounds
of TNT, exploded in Tel Aviv wounding 10
people and damaging buildings.
July 1: The 4 powers issued a joint communique
announcingan indefiniterecessof meetings on the
Middle East. No date was set for furthermeetings
because of "importantconsultationstaking place
among the four governments."
Israel moved its national police headquarters
from Tel Aviv to East Jerusalem.
July 2: Israeli Defense officialsreportedthat Israeli
jets had downed 4 Egyptian jets west of the
Canal,with all Israeliplanes reportedsafe.
An Israeli Army communique announced that
Israeli commandoshad attacked3 EgyptianArmy
posts on the Red Sea, killing 13 Egyptians and
taking 1 prisoner.
Israel announced that 3 "instigators"of re-
bellion and terrorism in the Gaza Strip were
being exiled to the Sinai desert.
July 3: The UN SecurityCouncil voted to censure
"in the strongest terms" all measures taken by
Israelto alter the statusof Jerusalemand confirmed
that "all measures and administrativemeasures"
which "purportto alter the status of Jerusalem"
were invalid.
Commandogroups ended a 3 day meeting in
Ammanwith the announcementthat the differences
between the groups had been resolved and that
the existence of several groups was a healthy
sign "as long as their guns are aimed at the com-
mon enemy."
July 4: Speaking to Syrian President Atisi in Mos-
cow, USSR President Podgorny pledged to con-
tinue Soviet militaryaid to Arab countriesbut said
the USSR was against "attempts to change by
force the borders that have taken shape between
states."
Israeli InformationMinister Galili said he be-
lieved "it can be definitely said that the Gaza
region will not again be separatedfrom the state
of Israel."
July 5: Two towers carryingelectric power lines to
Israeli settlements in the eastern Negev were
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sabotaged.
July 6: The Egyptian military command reported
that Egyptian planes on a reconnaissancemission
penetratedair space over the Sinai Peninsula and
shot down an Israeli jet in an air battle.
Nine people were injured in grenade incidents
in Gaza and N-abulus.
Fath announcedthat an attempt on commando
leader'Arafat'slife had been foiled.
July 7: In a special report,Thant said that the UN
truce observers "cannot be expected to serve as
what amounts to defenselesstargets in a shooting
gallery" and said "the conclusion is inescapable
that throughout the Suez Canal cease-firesector
open warfarehas been resumed."
July 8: The UAR reportedan assaultby its regular
infantry against Israeli positions north of Lake
Timseh. Thirty Israelis were reportedkilled with
a loss of 5 Egyptians.The infantry reported de-
stroying 2 tanks and 2 armored cars and rocket
installations and fortifications.
Israel reporteddowning 7 Syrian jets in a dog
fight between Damascus and al-Qunaytirah.Syria
reportedthe clash, saying it had downed 4 Israeli
jets with a loss of 3 jets.
July 9: An Egyptianmilitary spokesmanannounced
that 2 Egyptianplatoons supportedby army per-
sonnel crossedthe Canal on July 3 and blasted 5
Israeli fortificationsnorth of Isma'iliyyah.
July 10: The USSR news agency Tass reportedFor-
eign Minister Gromyko's address in which he
gave the conclusionsabout the 4 power talks that
"it is a risky thing to leave the situation in the
Middle East as it is" and that while that Arab
side "is expressingwillingness to settle the situa-
tion" Israel rejects "any proposalsaimed at a set-
tlement."
FrenchPresidentPompidousaid that any change
in his country'sarms embargo on the area could
be changedonly "as it existed before last January
3" and said "thereis no lasting solution, there is
no lasting outcome for Israel in war, or in the
victory of arms."
The Special Working Group of Expertsof the
UN Human Rights Commission announced it
would leave for the Middle East on August 1 to
investigate Arab charges of Israeli violations of
human rights in the occupiedterritories.
An Israeli Finance Ministry spokesman an-
nouncedagreementwas reachedwith Tapline pro-
viding "maximum safeguards against terrorist
attacks on the pipeline" and compensation for
damagecausedon May 30.
The UAR military command announced its
troops had occupied an Israeli position near Port
Tawfiq, destroyedartilleryemplacements,killed or
wounded 40 defenders and returned safely with
1 Israeli taken prisoner. An Israeli spokesman
said 3 Israeli soldierswere killed, 5 woundedand
1 missing and 2 tanks damagedwhile repulsinga
raid in the area.
 CHRONOLOGY
July 12: The PLO announcedthat the Arab Libera-
tion Front and the Popular Struggle Front had
joined the PASC.
An Israeli spokesman said that 3 Arab guer-
rillas were killed in a clash with an Israeli patrol
near Mt. Hebron and 1 was killed in a clash with
an Israeli patrol in the northernJordanvalley.
An Egyptian military spokesman reported an
artillery duel with Israeli forces extending from
Suez to the Bitter Lake area.
JUly 14: A curfew was imposed on Nabulus while
Israeli troops searchedfor saboteursand weapons.
About 5,000 Arabs were rounded up, with 20
arrestedand 5 held.
The Beirut alI-Huriyyahpublished reports of
Jordanian restrictionson commando activity in-
cluding the requirementthat commandosnot cross
from the East to the West Bank without a permit
and that heavy weapons not be transportedto
occupied areas.
July 16: A Lebanesemilitary spokesmanannounced
that an Israeli patrol blew up 3 houses near
al-Majidiyyahinside Lebanon.No casualtieswere
reported.
July 17: US AssistantSecretaryof State Sisco ended
a 5 day visit to the USSR for talks with Foreign
MinisterGromykoon the Middle East situation.
July 20: Israel reported that its forces had landed
on an Egyptianmilitary fortress on Green Island
in the Gulf of Suez, destroyinganti-aircraftand
artillerypositions, with an estimated25 Egyptians
killed and several wounded and an Israeli loss of
6 dead and 9 wounded. Egypt reportedthe clash,
saying that Israeli forces had been repulsed after
intense fighting.
An Israeli military spokesman reported Israeli
jets bombing and strafingEgyptianground to air
missile bases and artillery positions between al-
Qantarahand Port Said, downing 5 Egyptian jets
with 2 Israeli jets downed. The UAR reported
downing 19 Israeli aircraftin the clash.
July 21: The Iraqi news agency reportedthat Syria
had deportedall membersof the Arab Liberation
Front to Jordan.
July 22: Israel reportedIsraeli jets striking Egyptian
positions betweenPort Said and al-Qantarah,meet-
ing with no Egyptianaerial responseand suffering
no losses. Egypt reportedthe incident, saying that
the planes had not destroyedEgyptian positions
and that Israeli planes were driven away by
Egyptian anti-aircraftfire.
Israeli jets were reported to have struck at
suspectedguerrilla bases in the northern Jordan
valley.
Jaly 23: UAR President Nasir said the situation
since the Khartiumconference had "completely
changed"and that the UAR was passing into a
"stage of liberation" in its war with Israel. He
condemned the US and Britain for their support
of Israel and proposeda conferenceto strengthen
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507
the "easternfront."
An Israeli military spokesmanconfirmedEgyp-
tian reports of hitting Israeli positions above
Isma'iliyyahand reported the loss of 1 Israeli
soldier,with 6 wounded.
A bomb exploded at a bus station in Tel Aviv,
killing 1 Israeliand woundinganother.The Action
Committeefor the Liberationof Palestineclaimed
responsibilityfor the incident.
July 24: U Thant issued a note verbalewarning that
if voluntarycontributionsto UNRWA did not in-
crease markedly,its financial situation would be-
come "critical."
Commentingon Nasir's speech, Israeli Foreign
Minister Eban said it was an "exact reflectionof
Egyptianpolicy" and should be taken seriously.
Israeli and Egyptianforces clashed for 8 hours
along the Canal.Israel reporteddowning 13 Egyp-
tian planes and damaging or destroying rocket
installations,a radar station and anti-aircraftand
artillerypositions. One Israeli was reportedkilled
and 5 wounded,and all Israeliplanes reportedsafe.
The Egyptian military command reported that 7
Israeli planes had been downed in the clash with
a loss of 1 Egyptianplane.
Tapline notified Lebanonthat it would resume
pumping Saudi oil through its pipeline to
Lebanonon August 15.
July 25: Israel reportedher jets had attackedEgyp-
tian artillery positions along the Canal, meeting
with no interferencefrom the Egyptian airforce.
Egyptreportedthe clash, sayingits anti-aircraftfire
had brought down 3 Israeli jets.
July 27: The Egyptianmilitary commandannounced
its planes had attackedIsraelipositionsin the Sinai
Peninsula,with none of the "manysquadrons"of
aircraftlost and that the attackwent unchallenged
by the Israeli military.Israel reportedthe incident
saying that 4 Egyptianplanes had attacked,wound-
ing 7 Israelis before defensive measurescould be
used.
A UN Truce Observer, Swedish Major Bo
Roland Plane, was killed by Israeli artillery fire
during an artilleryclash over the Canal near Port
Tawfiq.
July 28: Israel reportedher jets had attackedEgyp-
tian positions on the Canal north of al-Qantarah.
Egypt reported the clash, saying Egyptian anti-
aircraftfire had downed 1 Israeli plane.
The Red Cross supervised an exchange of
prisoners at al-Qantarah,with Israel exchanging
2 Egyptianmilitary personnel and 2 Egyptianci-
vilians for an Israelisoldier.
July 29: A Jordanianmilitary spokesman reported
an Israeli jet raid on Irbid which killed 3 Jor-
danian soldiers and wounded 12 others.
July 30: U Thant said that the death of the UN
truce observer was "a dramaticsymptom of the
breakdownof the ceas2-fire"and hoped "that it
is still not too late for events to take a new turn
508 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
in the Suez Canal sector and in the Middle East
in general."
An Israeli Army spokesman said that Israeli
jets had attacked Arab guerrilla bases on Mt.
Hermon in Syria and Lebanon and said that the
attack was a response to increased guerrilla ac-
tivity from the area.
Lebanonsaid that attackwas directedat Syrian
territory.Syria reportedthe attack saying that 11
Syrian soldiers had been wounded in an attack
by 6 Israeli planes.
July 31: Syriaannouncedthat her planesand artillery
were used in an attack on an Israeli post near
al-Qunaytirahwhich reportedlycausedheavy dam-
age and casualties,with no loss to Syria. Israel
reported the attack saying there had been no
casualties.
Aug. 4: Dayan said that if, in the past, the Russians
"distributedarms and told the Egyptianshow to
use them, Soviet expertsnow tell them what to do."
Aug. 7: Arab guerrillas blew up a bus in Israeli
territory,killing the civilian driver and a soldier
and wounding 12 soldiers.
Israeli tanks and planes attacked positions in
Jordan south of the Yarmuk River where the
guerrillas responsible for the attack on the bus
were reportedlybased. Israel denied a Jordanian
report that 2 Israeli planes were downed in the
attack.
Aug. 8: The PASCannouncedthat a joint commando
force had struck 3 Israeli settlementsand 3 mili-
tary posts in the Baysanvalley, destroying4 tanks
and killing and wounding several Israelis,with 6
commandosreportedwounded in the attack.
An Israeli Army communiquereporteda rocket
attack against the Israeli potash works at Sodom.
Israel reported no casualtiesand said its forces
had returnedthe fire.
The New York Times published Israeli reports
that recent Israeli artillery and air attacks had
smashed an Egyptian fresh-watercanal running
from north of Cairo to Port Said.
Aug. 9: Israel launched a jet attack on Jordanian
positions at Ghor and al-Safi in what was called
a reprisal for the attack on Sodom.
Israel announcedthat 7 Arabs, reportedlymem-
bers of a cell of the Palestine LiberationFront,
were arrested on charges of attempting to kill
Arabcommunityleaderswho workedwith Israel.
The Director of the International Committee
of the Red Cross, Claude Pilloud, told a UN
human rights group that he had protested to
Israel over the expulsion of several dozen c-
vilians to Syriaand Jordanand over the destruction
of buildings in occupied territory.
Aug. 10: Israel announced that its jets had struck
at "a number of military targets"in Jordan in-
cluding sections of the East Ghor Canal in re-
taliation for new attacksfrom Jordanin the past
10 days. Israel reported all planes had returned
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safely. Jordan reported the attack saying that the
Canal had been damaged and that 3 Jordanian
soldiers had been wounded. An Israeli Foreign
Ministryspokesmansaid that the recent Jordanian
attackswere in violation of an agreementof June
30 under which Jordan would control guerrilla
attacks on Israel and Israel would allow repair
work on the Canal to be carriedout.
Israeli securityforces orderedpeople living in a
section of Gaza to stay indoors while Israelis
searched for those responsible for an August 9
attackon an Israeli patrol.
Aug. 11: An Israeli Army spokesmanreported Is-
raeli jets had struck at sites on Mt. Hermon 6
miles inside Lebanondescribedas guerrilla bases,
saying the raid was in retaliation for increased
guerrilla activity from the sites. Lebanon com-
plained to the UN, saying that Israeli forces had
used napalm in the raid which killed 4 civilians
and seriouslywounded 3.
Aug. 12: Mrs. Meir said that the Israeli raid on
Mt. Hermon had been aimed at guerrillas,not at
Lebanon, but added, "if the Lebaneseauthorities
do not deal with them, we shall have to do it."
An Egyptian military spokesmanreported that
Egyptian patrols had crossed the Suez Canal for
the past 3 nights and clashed with Israeli troops.
Aug. 13: An Israeli Army communiquereported a
clash, begun by Egyptian shelling north of Port
Tawfiq, in which 13 Israelisoldierswere wounded.
Lebanon requesteda meeting of the UN Se-
curity Council to discuss "the premeditatedand
unprovokedaggressioncommittedby Israel against
civilian villages in southern Lebanon"on August
11. Israel called for a meeting to discuss "the
situation created by the intensificationof armed
attacks carried out against Israel from Lebanese
territory."
An Israeli Army spokesman reported a clash,
begun with Jordaniantank and artilleryfire north
of the Dead Sea, which ended with Israeli jets
attacking the Jordanian positions.
Aug. 15: A pipeline and an electric pylon in the
Haifa port area were damagedby saboteurs,caus-
ing an hour'sblaze and an hour without electricity
in the surroundingarea. Fath claimed responsi-
bility for the sabotage.
Editor of al-Ahram Haykal said that the US
decision to begin deliveries of Phantom jets to
Israel had quashed any hopes the Egyptianshad
had of a new US initiative towardsa just solution
to the Arab-Israeliconflict.
Switzerlandbroughtmurderchargesagainst the
3 Arabs involved in the February18 incident and
charged an Israeli guard with murder in extenu-
ating circumstances.
The Israeli police announced their discovery
of a large arms cache on the westernshore of the
Dead Sea which included 120 mines, grenades,
rockets,rifles and machine guns.
 CHRONOLOGY
General
1969
May 17: Economic experts from Morocco, Algeria,
Tunisia and Libyaended a 6 day meeting in Tunis
for talks on economic cooperation.
May 20: The Arab Economic Unity Council ended
a meeting in Damascusafter urging its members
to developtradeand economicties with Turkey.
May 22: The Arab Air CarriersOrganizationap-
proved a project to run joint Arab flights to
North and South America and the Far East.
May 27: The CENTO Council of Ministersended a
2 day meeting in Tehran.
June 1: The third meeting of the Coordination
Committeeof OPECnational oil companiesended
a 2 day session in Benghazi.
June 11: The InternationalPostal Union sponsored
a meeting in Beirut for delegations from all the
Arab countriesto discussmeans of improvingtheir
postal services.
June 17: The Regional Cooperationfor Develop-
ment (RCD) Committee on Technical Coopera-
tion and Public Administrationended a 2 day
meeting in Pakistan with recommendationsfor
greatertechnicalcooperation,developmentof water
resourcesand cooperationin public administration,
health and family planning.
June 18: The third Arab Maghrib EducationMin-
isters Conferenceended in Rabat after talks on
the teachingof Maghribhistory,the unificationof
educationand the adoption of Arabic at all stages
of education.
June 23: Secretaryof the European Commission
for Control of Foot-and-MouthDisease Dr. Bol-
drini told FAO officials that the disease "is now
rather widespread both in Lebanon and Syria"
and that suspected cases had been reported in
Jordan.
June 26: The MinisterialCouncil of the RCD ended
a 2 day meeting in Pakistanwith recommendations
to establishin Pakistanan enterprisefor the pro-
duction of electrical equipment and to study the
formation of a joint internationalairline.
July 5: The Arab League's information committee
began a week's meeting in Cairo to discuss ways
to counter Israeli propaganda.
July 9: The OPECended a 2 day meeting in Vienna
after issuing a communiquesaying that the con-
ference had discussed"the principles of participa-
tion and acceleratedrelinquishment,as well as the
subject of existing disparities in posted or tax-
referenceprices"of members'crude prices.
The Chiefs of Staff of the UAR, Iraq, Jordan
and Syria ended a 2 day meeting in Damascusto
discussconsolidationof the "EasternFront."
July 15: The Times (London) reportedthat war risk
shipping rates for Lebanon, Syria, the UAR,
Jordan and Israel had been raised from ls. 6d
per cent to 10s per cent and to 5s for Saudi Arabia
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509
and the Red Sea.
July 21: The Pan-AfricanCulturalFestivalbegan its
12 day session in Algiers.
Aug. 1: The EEC announced its offer of wheat to
African and Middle Eastern countries at up to
?3 a ton below the minimum price agreed on by
the InternationalGrains Agreement.
Aug. 2: The 2 week meeting of the Arab Boycott
of Israel Office ended in Alexandria after talks
on tightening the boycott and reforming its gen-
eral administration.Forty three companies which
had satisfied the authorities that they were no
longer violating boycott regulationswere removed
from the list and 7 new firms were added.
Aug 6: The 5th conference of Palestinian students
ended its meeting in Amman.
Aug. 11: The resolutions of the OPEC conference
were published, including one directing the Sec-
retary-Generalto undertake a study on linking
posted prices and tax referenceprices with those
of manufacturedgoods in major industrialized
countries.
Afghanistan
1969
May 19: Turkey signed a transit agreement for
Afghani goods destined for Europe.
May 25: US Secretaryof State Rogers paid a brief
visit to Kabul for talks with governmentleaders.
May 30: Chairmanof the USSR Council of Ministers
Kosygin ended a 5 day good will visit for talks
which, he said, "passedin an atmosphereof friend-
ship and mutual understanding"and spoke of
proposedregionalcooperationamong the countries
of the Indian sub-continent.
May 31: Kabul Radio reported a West German
agreement to provide technical assistancein im-
proving the country'scommunicationssystem.
June 10: Indian Prime MinisterIndiraGandhi ended
a 5 day official visit with a joint communique
saying the 2 countries would set up a joint
commission at the ministerial level to study and
plan various projects to coordinatethe resources
and capabilitiesof both.
June 11: The World Bank Group approveda $5m
50 year interest free credit for equipment and
training costs in establishinga permanenthighway
maintenance organization.
June 15: A Soviet culturalweek, to include art per-
formances, cultural seminars and a film show,
opened in Kabul.
June 20: Bulgaria signed an agreementfor cultural
exchanges during 1969.
June 22: The New York Times reported a gov-
ernment order closing indefinitely all primary
and secondaryschools in Kabul after a wave of
student unrest and a student boycott of the Kabul
University.
510 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

June 23: Reportswere published of an Afghani pro- ing materials and on all storage, maritime trans-
posal on planning a regional transit trade confer- port, freighting and chartering.
ence with Pakistan,Iran, Turkeyand the USSR. PresidentBoumedienneopened the Annabasteel
Speaking after his inspection of the Parwan complex at el-Hadjarwhich will have an initial
irrigation project being built with Communist output of 400,000 tons of rolled steel.
Chinese aid, King Mohammad Zahir Shah said June 25: Algerian and Moroccanministers laid the
the project "is an example of friendship and co- foundationstone for a frontier post at which na-
operation beween the two countries" and that tionals of both countries may cross without for-
through the project, "friendship between China malities.
and Afghanistanwill be further developed." June 28: FrenchPrime MinisterChaban-Delmassent
June 28: The New York Times reporteda govern- a message to President Boumedienne saying his
ment extension of registration for the parlia- government would do its best to "create solid
mentaryelections by 2 weeks. and profitableties with Algeria."
July 17: A Soviet military delegationled by Marshal Bulgarian Prime Minister Todor Zhivkov, ac-
of the Soviet Union Ivan Bagramyanbegan a visit. companiedby a 5 man delegation,ended a 6 day
July 30: The Asian Development Bank announced visit with a joint communique announcing agree-
it would send a technical assistancemission to ments in shipping, communicationsand cultural
examine and assess the technical and economic exchanges.
soundness of irrigation projects for consideration June 30: APS announced that former Congolese
by the Bank for possible financing. Prime Minister Moise Tshombe had died on
June 29.
The governmentissued a statementsaying that
Algeria the resultsof an autopsyperformedby an 11 man
team of French and Algerian doctorsshowed that
(See also General, Morocco, South Yemen) Tshombehad died of heart failure.
July 9: The OPECconfirmedthe admissionof Algeria
1969 as its tenth member.
May 19: Air Algerie began regular air service be- July 12: The US firm Scientific Resources Corp.
tween Oran and Casablanca. announcedit had been awardeda ?1.98m contract
May 20: Presidentof the Congo BrazzavilleCouncil by SONATRACHto set up a data centerand train
Marien Ngouabi ended a 5 day visit. Algerians in the use of the center.
Pierre Guillaumat,President of the French oil July 14: The USSR signed a protocol providing 250
concernERAP, ended a 2 day visit for talks with scholarshipsto train techniciansand engineers to
governmentofficialsand the presidentof SONA- run the Annaba iron and steel complex and to
TRACH. train instructorsfor the Algerian Iron, Steel and
May 23: Secretary-General of the West German So- Mining Institute.
cial DemocraticPartyWischnewskiended a 3 day July 17: The MoroccanministersMuhammadOufkir
private visit. (Interior), Ahmad Rida Guedira (State for the
May 25: Elections were held for members of 15 Economy) and MuhammadBahnini (Administra-
departmentalassemblies. tive Affairs) ended a 3 day visit for talks with
May 28: The news agency APS announced a gov- PresidentBoumedienne.
ernmentmonopolyfor importingmechanicalprod- July 23: The trial of 192 people in Oran for their
ucts had been given to the Societe Nationale de part in the December 1967 attemptedcoup ended
ConstructionsMecaniques. with 6 army officers,including Tahir Zbiri, con-
June 4: Canadaannouncedit would lend ?194,552 demned to death and 110 others given sentences
for economic and technicalstudies in construction rangingfrom 3 to 20 yearsin prison.
methods,fish refrigerationand forest conservation. SONATRACH announced an agreementunder
June 9: LayachiYaker was named CommerceMin- which the US firm El Paso Natural Gas would
ister replacing Nur al-din Delleci who was ap- import 1 billion cubic feet of Algerian LNG
pointed Ambassadorto Morocco. daily.
June 13: The governmentannounceda state monop- July 29: The Franco-Algerian CooperativeAssociation
oly, to be operated by the Societe Nationale announcedan oil discoveryin the southeast,be-
d'Edition et de Diffausion,on imports of all edu- lieved to be capable of producing 5m metric tons
cational equipment, office equipment and paper, a year.
excepting newsprint. July 31: AP reported that France would sell 28
June 14: President Houari Boumedienne (Bu Mid- Fouga-Magisterjets to the country.
yan) announceda ?84.2m developmentprogram Reuters reported that a group of Japanese com-
for Titteri province which will include a metal- panies were awardeda ?29.5m contractto build an
lurgical complex at Medea. oil refineryat Arzew.
June 19: President Boumedienne signed 2 decrees Aug. 6: Four Algerians were sentenced to death
forming state monopolies on the import of build- for their part in an assassination attempt against

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 CHRONOLOGY 5 11

PresidentBoumediennein April 1968. 25 year loan to financeforeign exchange costs in

Aug. 12: Le Monde reported the government'sde- the constructionof a deep water port at Limassol.
cision not to revaluethe dinarfollowing the French July 5: BayrakRadio reportedthat the Greek Cypriot
devaluation. administrationhad issued a decree seizing Turkish
Aug. 15: Le Monde reportedthat it had not been Cypriot property along the coast at Kyrenia and
on sale in Algeria since July 22 when it printed gave as the government'sreason the need to pro-
statementsby Tahir Zbiri. tect the securityand defenseof the island.
July 9: The UN Seminarof Human Rights ended its
11 day meeting in Nicosia.
Cyprus July 17: The House of Representativespassed a bill
extending the term of office of the representatives
(See also Turkey) up to a year, saying that the holding of elections
was not expedient because of the country's "ab-
1969 normal"political conditions.
May 16: The United Kingdom announcedit would July 19: PresidentMakarios,speakingat a ceremony
contribute ?312,500 towards the UN Force in releasingthe commandosfrom the national guard,
Cyprus (UNFICYP), it was reported. called them "the powerful spear of this island;
May 18: President Makarios rejected any solution the spear of its Greek people's might" and said
to the Cyprusproblem "runningagainst the con- that "the struggle of Cyprus has not ended be-
cept of a unitary state." cause the threats to our island have not yet dis-
May 23: The US announced it would contribute appeared."
up to $3m towardsUNFICYP, dependingon other July 22: The Sub-committeeon IndependentAuthori-
contributions,it was reported. ties ended a day's meeting and will meet again
The Voice of Cyprusreportedthe discoveryby September2.
the police of an unexploded bomb in the village Aug. 1: Contributionsfrom Norway and Iceland
of Kythrea. to the UNFICYP of $120,406 and $3,000 respec-
May 31: The District Officersand Mayors ended a tively were reported.
day's meeting in Karavasafter the Finance Min- Aug. 7: A bomb exploded in the House of Repre-
ister announced a decision by the Council of sentativesbuilding in Nicosia.
Ministers to grant an additional ?80,000 to the Aug. 14: UN Under-SecretaryGeneral for Political
municipalities in 1969 and that the government Affairs Ralph Bunche ended a 2 day visit.
would aid the municipalities to secure necessary Aug. 15: Switzerlandagreed to contribute$200,000
credits for big projects. towardsUNFICYP, it was reported.
June 4: UN Secretary-General Thant recommended
that the UNFICYP be extended for an additional
6 months and askedfor nearly $16m to sustainthe
Force. Iran
June 6: The Sub-committeeon IndependentAuthori-
ties held its third meeting, scheduling a fourth (See also General, Afghanistan,Iraq, Kashmir,
for June 24. Pakistan,Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, Turkey)
June 9: Presidentof the Turkish CypriotCommunal
Chamber Rauf Denktash and President of the 1969
CypriotHouse of RepresentativesGlafcos Clerides May 19: Dubai's Crown Prince Shaykh Maktum
met for talks, after which Cleridesannouncedthey Bin Rashid began a visit for "severaldays."
had discussedfuture local administrationfor the May 20: Ruler of Sharjah Shaykh Muhammadal-
island and said his talks with Denktash would Qasimibegana 3 day visit.
recess until the end of June. May 21: Hungary signed a 5 year trade and pay-
June 10: The UN SecurityCouncil voted to extend ments agreement to exchange $230m worth of
the UNFICYP until December 15. goods between 1969 and 1974.
June 15: Clerides said of the talks with Denktash May 22: Baghdad Radio reported a clash between
that "there has been some progress and there police and tribesmen in the Arabistan area in
has been found common ground on some points which 7 policemen were killed.
at issue." He added, "it would, however, be a May 28: US Secretaryof State Rogers ended a 4
serious error of assessmenton the part of Turkish day visit to attend the CENTO meeting and for
Cypriots to expect that differenceson points at talks with the Shah and governmentleaders.
issue could be bridged either by unilateral con- May 29: Baghdad Radio reported that Commander
cessionson the part of the CyprusGovernmentor of the Field ForcesMashallahZorin was removed
by a solution based on the principle of creatinga from office and placed under house arrest.
state unitaryin appearancebut in substancerun by JordanianKing Husayn ended a 2 day visit fot
three Governments." talks with the Shah, reportedlyon the Shatt al-
June 25: The World Bank agreed to an $11.5m 'Arab dispute.

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512 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
British Foreign SecretaryMichael Stewart ar-
rived for talks with the Shah on the PersianGulf.
May 30: A consortium of 9 West German banks
signed a $50m loan agreement.
June 1: The Kuwayt daily al-Rai al-'Am reported
the Shah'sstatementthat "initiationfor resumption
of diplomatic relations should come from Egypt,"
but that Iran "now does not need an officialapol-
ogy" from the country.Further,the Shah said he
would welcome the settling of the Shatt al-'Arab
dispute through internationallegal means and said
the future of Bahraynshould be determinedby an
internationallysupervised plebiscite.
June 7: The USSR and Iran agreed to expand the
areas covered by their joint seismic operations
and explorationin the CaspianSea.
June 12: Belgium signed an agreement providing
economic, industrialand technical cooperationfor
developmentin the public and private sectors.
June 15: Turkish Premier SulaymanDemirel ended
a 5 day visit announcing the 2 countries'agree-
ment to set up a joint technical commission to
study an Iran-Turkeycrudetransitpipeline project.
June 21: An Indian delegation led by Foreign Min-
ister Dinesh Singh ended a 4 day visit for talks
with the Shah and other governmentleaders and
signed a trade protocol under which India will
import liquid ammonia, sulphur and phosphoric
acid and will provide $16m worth of equipment
to expand the Shahpurpetrochemicalcomplex.
The Senate approveda bill for the confiscation
of property of former security chief Teymur
Bakhtiar.
June 30: Pakistan signed a $ 1m trade agreement
with Iran supplying vehicles, lubricantsand film
programs,for Pakistanifruit, causticsoda and film
programs.
July 3: NIOC agreed to supply Rumania with 5m
tons of crude from 1970 to 1973 in exchangefor
$105m worth of Rumanian credits for various
projects.
July 19: Minister of EconomyAlikhani relinquished
his post to become Chancellor of Tehran Uni-
versity and will be succeededby Ambassadorto
the US Hushang Ansari.
July 23: The Ministry of Agriculture announced
that 17,000 cattle had died of rinderpestsince it
recently broke out.
Aug. 7: Measures were put into effect to tighten
credit and check rising prices including a 1%
increase in the Iranian bank rate, a 396 increase
in reserve requirementsfor fixed deposits, a 2%
increasein reserverequirementsfor sight deposits,
a 4 to 8%i raising of the ceiling on interest rates
and a lowering of the rediscountrate on export
bills.
Aug. 10: RumanianPresidentNicolae Ceausescuwill
pay a state visit, beginning September 1, it was
announced.
Aug. 14: The following ministerial appointments
were announced:
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Hassan Zahedi: Interior
Iraj Vahidi: Agriculture
MohammedYegeneh: Development& Planning
Aug. 15: Nineteen British, American and European
banksannouncedan $80m loan to finance"Iranian
development plans."
Iraq
(See also ArabIsraeliConflict,Iran,Lebanon,
PersianGulf, Turkey)
1969
May 17: Minister of Oil and Minerals Rashid al-
Rifa'i said "we shall not tolerate an increase in
productionin any countryat the expense of Arab
oil output as a whole or at the expense of Iraqi
oil in particular."
Baghdad Radio reported that 7 Iraqis, tried
under a law forbidding "conspiracyagainst the
safety of the revolution,"were sentencedto death.
President Bakr denounced Iran's "illegal am-
bitions in Iraqi territory and waters as well as
in the Arab Gulf" and said that Iran's moves as
well as "Barazini guerrilla movements"were at-
tempts to force a withdrawalof Iraqi troops from
the Israeli front.
May 18: Saudi Defense Minister Sultan Ibn 'Abd
al-'Azizarrivedon a 5 day visit.
May 20: President Bakr said that a number of
former ministers and directorsof ministries were
among the "imperialistagents and members of
spy networks"recently arrestedin Iraq.
PresidentBakr announcedthat peasantswould
no longer be requiredto pay for land made avail-
able to them by the government.
The LebaneseArab World reported that "full
scale" fighting between Kurdish leader Barazani's
forces and Iraqi regularforces had been resumed.
May 21: The Revolutionary Command Council
(RCC) issued a decree stopping all compensation
for land expropriatedunder land reform laws.
Jordanian Prime Minister Rifi'i ended a 2
day officialvisit for talks with PresidentBakr and
governmentofficials.
May 23: Member of the RCC Ghaydan said that
the government wanted a "peaceful and just"
solution to the Kurdish problem and said a new
law for local self government in the northern
districts would be issued soon.
May 25: BaghdadRadio reportedthat Michel 'Aflaq,
"Secretary-General of the National Command of
the Bath Party,"had arrivedin Baghdad.
May 27: The 1969/70 budget was published with
revenuesset at Ds 614,971,931 and expenditures
set at Ds 666,641,514.
May 29: The governmentannouncedthe lifting of
restrictionsplaced on Iraqi Jews after the June
war.
May 31: JordanianPrime Minister Rifi'l ended a
 CHRONOLOGY 513
2 day visit for talks after which he said there the presence of oil has been established."
was "very great hope" that the Shatt al-'Arab June 25: EastGermanysigned an IDs 30m loan for a
dispute could be settled peacefully. wide rangeof industrialprojects.
The Polish firm Ce-ntrozap, acting as contractor June 26: A Sudanese ministerial delegation ended
for INOC, agreed to begin a 2 stage exploitation a 4 day visit.
of sulphur deposits in the Mishraqarea June 30: The Basrah Petroleum Co. agreed to pay
June 1: Sudanese Minister of Planning Makkiwi Iraq IDs 3,216,350 in final settlementof all gov-
Mustafi ended a 3 day private visit. ernment claims for port dues on exports of crude
June 3: Defense Minister Takriti ended an 8 day from south Iraq and to make a minimum annual
visit to the USSR for talks which he called "very paymentof IDs 2.8m in port dues.
cordial and fruitful." July 2: The Minister of Industry Khalid Makki
June 7: Former Mayor of Baghdad Madhat al-Haijj al-Hashimiannouncedthat 70% of the IDs 30m
Sirri confessedto have been a US CIA agent since East German loan for industrial projects would
1960. He said he had been recruitedin Beirut by be repaid in crude.
a Time and Life correspondentAbul Sa'id Abui- July 5: The USSR signed an economicand technical
Rish and said that the Kurdish rebels under agreement providing for the granting of several
Barazani were receiving aid and arms from the large loans to finance projects including a series
US CIA. of dams costing an estimated $56m, an iron and
June 9: The RevolutionaryCommand Council de- steel mill and a $70m loan for the development
cided to transfer ownership of all agricultural of the northernRumaylahoil field by INOC.
machineryand equipment belonging to the Min- July 6: Deputy Prime Minister 'Ammash ended a
istry of AgrarianReform to the peasant coopera- 12 day visit to the USSR.
tive societies and to exempt peasants from the July 8: Baghdadnewspapersreportedthat 20 Iraqis
remainderof loans given them by the agricultural including former Prime Minister al-Bazziz and
bank in 1959 and 1960. former Chief of Staff al-Ansril would be facing a
June 11: Self-styledUS CIA agent Yfisuf al-Mimir "revolutionarycourt" on charges of "conspiracy
appearedon Baghdad television telling of a US against the state."
plan against the state in cooperationwith former July 9: It was announcedthat an Officefor Kurdish
Prime Minister al-Bazziz, former Defense Min- Affairswould be set up, to be directedby Murtada
ister al-'Uqayli and other politicians. Hadithi.
June 12: Baghdad Radio announced that former July 14: Opening 4 day celebrationsof the July 17
President'Arif had been a spy for the US CIA and revolution, President Bakr said that the Revolu-
Israel. tionary Commandwould safeguard"internalpro-
June 17: Baghdad Radio broadcastformer Interior gressive achievementsand national socialist aims"
Minister Rashid Muslih's confession that he had and would make the country "free of foreign
been a US CIA agent and said that he, former influence exploiting its native natural resources."
Defense Minister al-'Uqayli and former Finance July 22: A clandestineKurdishradio station reported
Minister Zaki had been hired by an Iraqi living a clash with Iraqi troops in the Khalisan area
in Lebanon and had worked under the direction with 70 Iraqi troops reportedlykilled.
of former US Secretaryof the TreasuryRobert July 23: Speakingat the UN, Iraqi delegate 'Adnan
Anderson. Raouf said the country"was willing and prepared
June 18: Chief of Staff HammadShihib ended visits to refer all disputes concerningthe applicationof
to Franceand East Germnany. the Iraqi-Iranboundary treaty of 1937" to the
Poland signed a cultural cooperationagreement World Court and "to abide by the Court's de-
providing for exchanges in education, research, cision."
culture and communications. July 26: Commando leader Yisir 'Arafit ended
June 19: France signed an agreement providing a 6 day visit after talks with PresidentBakr and
for the establishmentof an Iraqi-Frenchresearch other governmentleaders.
institute in Baghdad and an exchange of experts July 28: Ruler of Abu Dhabi Shaykh Zayd ended
and technicians. a 4 day visit with a communiqueon the 2 coun-
Two Soviet warships ended a 5 day good will tries' support of the "stmggle of our Palestinian
visit. brothers"and said that the proposedGulf Federa-
The Iraqi New;s Agency announcedthat former ation "constitutesan urgent national demand, a
Iranian security chief Bakhtiarhad been granted constructivestep along the road of Arabunity."
political asylum in Iraq. The World Food Program agreed to provide
June 21: INOC signed an agreement under which food aid worth $2.8m for workersin development
the Soviet firm Machino-exportagreed to supply projectsin the north.
INOC with equipmentand servicesfor oil explo- July 30: The government announced that Minister
ration and development worth up to $72m in the of AgrarianReform Jisim Azziwi had been re-
al-Halfayahregion and "other regions within the placed by Mawluid Kimil 'Abid and that the
acreageassigned to INOC, including fields where Department of Irrigation had been given full

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514 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
ministry status under Tahi IbrThimal-'Abdallah.
Husayn Hayiwi was named Commanderof the
Air Force.
The country signed a joint defense agreement
with Syria. Details of the agreement were not
announced.
July 31: Foreign trade figureswere releasedshowing
a drop by 7.6% from 1967 to 1968, down to
IDs 121m.
Aug. 11: A draft law was announced giving gov-
ernorsin the provincesgreaterpower and increas-
ing the number of administrativedistrictsin Iraq
from 14 to 16.
A decree was announced under which visas
granted to Iraqi nationals intending to travel
abroadwere cancelled.
Aug. 13: The governmentannouncedrestrictionson
the importation of certain Lebanese agricultural
products.
Aug. 14: Baghdad Radio said that Iraq wished to
remain on good terms with Lebanon but that it
could not tolerate"the persistenceof the Lebanese
Government in disregarding and tolerating ele-
ments which have exploited the freedom of the
press to spread their venom against a liberated
Iraq."
Aug. 15: FormerLebaneseAmbassadorto the UAR
Taki al-Din al-Sulh ended a 3 day visit and said
he was "optimistic"that the dispute between the
countriescould be settled.
Israel
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General)
1969
May 19: The JerusalemPost reportedthe trade def-
icit for January/April,1969 at $123m, $6m above
the 1968 figure.
May 20: Chairmanof the Zionist Executive Aryeh
Pincus explained a new plan, to be submitted
to the Zionist action committeefor approval,under
which all Jewish organizationsin the world except
the Zionist movement would be incorporatedinto
the Jewish Agency.
May 25: The Cabinet approved a plan to build a
free port, probably near Haifa.
May 26: LaborParty SecretaryGeneral Pinhas Sapir
spoke against integratingthe occupied areas with
Israel, saying the economy was not in a position
to absorb 26,000 workers and warned of the
dangersto the economy from demandsfor higher
wages.
Israeli Mayor of Jerusalem Teddy Kollek an-
nounced he would stand for reelection in order
to complete the unificationof the city. He said
he wanted professionalsrather than political ap
pointees to run the city and said he wanted Arab
leaders from the Old City to be members of the
city council.
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May 28: The purchasetax on a wide range of lo-
cally manufacturedconsumergoods was raised by
6-16%6.At the present level of imports, the new
tax was expected to bring in $21.4m in extra
revenue.
May 29: Speaking at a manufacturersassociation
meeting, Finance Minister Sharef said he expects
the country'sannual industrialoutput to reach l?
18 billion by 1975 and urged manufacturersto
direct their output towards exports since internal
demand would not increase at the same rate.
June 9: A trade delegation led by Deputy Director
for Foreign Trade Adin Talbar began a visit to
Greece to promote expanded trade between the
2 countries.
June 11: ForeignMinisterEban said the government
had informed Ghana that it could not accept
responsibilityfor the loss of the Ghanaianplane
destroyed in the December Beirut raid, saying
Ghana failed to insure the plane againstwar risks.
June 16: The Foreign Press Associationprotestedto
the governmentagainst what they termed an in-
fringement of press freedom when 2 reporters
were barredfrom the demolitionof Arab buildings
near the Wailing Wall.
June 17: Prime Minister Golda Meir ended a 6
day visit to London.
June 25: Foreign Ministry Director Gideon Rafael
ended a 3 week tour of Canada, the US and
Francefor talks with governmentleaders.
June 27: French Prime Minister Chaban-Delmas
said that if it appeared that the French arms
embargo, aimed at guaranteeing that no arms
would be delivered to the Middle East, was not
being followed, "that would lead the French
Governmentto reconsiderits position."
July 3: The Israeli Defense Forces' radio station
said that FrenchPresidentPompidouhad lifted the
Frencharms embargoon Israel and that deliveries
of plane parts had already been resumed.
July 4: Foreign MinisterEban ended a 10 day visit
to Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda and said that
Israel'sposition with those countries had become
stronger through the expansion of mutual trade
and the increase in the number of cooperative
projects on which Israelis were working.
The Jordanianweekly al-Akhbaral-Ush4' pub-
lished reports saying that Israel recalled a large
number of its reserveforces to military service.
July 7: Speaking at a convention of former Rafi
members,Mrs. Meir appealed to them to stay in
the Labor Party. She said that, becausepeace did
not depend on Israel, there was no room for
differences of opinion about the conditions for
peace. MordechaiBen Porat challenged her state-
ment, pointing out her opposition to the appoint-
ment of Dayan as Defense Minister and she left
the meeting, accompaniedby Minister Without
Portfolio Galili. Defense Minister Dayan said
he regretted her departurebut that former Rafi
members were being isolated within the Labor
 CHRONOLOGY
Party and that if the Party really wanted unity,
its membersmust be preparedto listen to minority
opinions.
July 10: French President Pompidou said that his
government'spolicy on arms supply could "only
consist in a return to the so-called selective em-
bargo that existed before January 3," and that
the return"wouldhinge on local developmentsand
on the attitude of the parties concerned."
July 11: Mrs. Meir called on salaried workers to
postpone their wage demands until a new wage
policy could be adopted next year, saying there
must be no disputes now while the securitysitua-
tion is tense.
July 12: Sapir announcedthat the Labor Party con-
ference,scheduledfor July 20, would be postponed
until August 3 to complete internal discussions.
Minister of Development and Tourism Moshe
Kol said that Israel should set up a special branch
for information to counter propagandaby Arab
sabotage organizations,saying that the organiza-
tions had created for themselves an image of a
national liberation movement and had won the
support of the new left in western countries.
July 14: MayorKollek said he would seek reelection
even if he is not chosen as a LaborPartycandidate.
July 18: Foreign Minister Eban ended a 4 day trip
to Europe for talks with Israeli ambassadorsin
western Europe and with UN Envoy Gunnar
Jarring.
July 22: The US announced that Mrs. Meir would
visit Washington on September25 and 6.
July 31: Minister of Labor Yosef Almogi said that
the government would offer loans and other in-
centives to those who establish enterprisesin the
occupiedareas,saying that full employmentand a
reasonablestandardof living "will counter hostile
incitement and influence."
Aug. 3: A special committee of the Labor Party
proposeda securityand defense plank for a peace
settlementunder which Israel would never permit
a foreign army west of the Jordan River or give
up either the Gaza Strip or the Golan Heights
and would keep a land link across the Sinai Pen-
insula to Sharm al-Shaykh. Further, the region
Merhav Shlomo (Solomon Region) would "be
linked contiguouslywith Israel commensuratewith
security functions and in view of possible attacks
in the future."
Aug. 4: The LaborPartyadoptedan election platform
which included the statement that Israel would
never return to pre-Junewar bordersand that the
new bordersmust be "securitybordersas required
for the state'suntrammeledexistence."
Aug. 5: The LaborPartyended its 3 day convention.
Kol announcedthat the numberof touristswho
visited Israel during July surpassedall previous
records.
Aug. 11: Mrs. Meir said she would not ask former
Rafi members to disavow Ben Gurion but asked
his supporters not to vote for his election list and
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515
said each of the Labor Party's branches should
have the right to choose its candidates for the
Knesset and Cabinet. Further, she stressed that
"whoever will be Premier will form the next
Cabinet."
Jordan
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General, Iran, Iraq)
1969
May 16: The government announcedan agreement
under which the UN Special Fund would provide
$1.5m and the World Food Program, foodstuffs
worth $700,000 for a $2.7m land reclamation
project in the Baqi' area.
May 25: King IHusaynsaid the JordanianAir Force
would soon be big enough to deter Israel from
attackingthe country.
Minister of Transport and Communications
Yunis al-Husayni announced that the Japanese
firm Nippon ElectricCo. was awardeda contractto
build a satellite communicationsground station in
the country.
June 1: A 9 man parliamentarydelegation led by
former Prime Minister Talhini ended a 2 week
visit for talks termed "successfuland fruitful"and
a week's visit to London.
Aqaba Port Director al-Awamlahbegan a visit
to Somalia for talks on increasingthe use of the
port for transit trade.
June 3: Minister of EconomyZu'bi announcedthat
Tapline had resumed partial pumping of oil to
the Jordanian refinery.
June 4: Ruler of Abu Dhabi Shaykh Zayd bin
Sultin ended a 4 day visit for talks with King
Husayn and government leaders and commando
leader Yasir 'Arafat.
June 5: The UAR newspaper al-Ah-sam,reported
that the trial of Tahir Dablan and 21 others in-
volved in the November incidents had "recently"
begun in Amman.
Al-Akhbar al-Usbf' reported an Abu Dhabi
pledge for financial aid to buy modern weapons,
especially aircraft.
June 16: Bahjat al-Talhiini was appointed Chief
of the Royal Court.
June 26: The US AID signed agreementsproviding
JDs 207,357 for developm=ntprojects in agri-
culture, economicsand culture.
June 30: King Husaynannouncedthe following new
ministerial changes:
MuhammadRasuilal-Kaylanil:Interior
'Amir Khammash: Defense
'Akif al-Fayiz: State at the Premier'sOffice
AbmadTuqin: Deputy Premier,Foreign Affairs
and Tourism.& Antiquities
'Abd al-Mun'im al-Rifa'i: Prime Minister and
Culture & Information
King Husayn appointed Sharif Nisir bin Jamil
as Commanderin Chief of the Army.
 516 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
"Wide-ranging"agreements with France were
announcedon developingpublic health, agriculture
and education.
Former Prime Minister Sulaymainal-Nibulsi
began a visit to the USSR.
July 1: Chief of the Army SharifN&sirsaid he would
give full support to "properly organized" com-
mando groups who were "effective"in "striking
at positions in Israeli-occupiedareas which Arab
regulararmies could not reach at present."
July 14: The LibyanMinistryof Finance announced
its 8th aid installment of U2.2m.
July 16: The governmentannouncedthat the coun-
try's Public Debt Law would be amendedso that
the 1969 budget deficit could be covered.
July 18: The UN Special Fund announcedit would
make $840,100 availableover 3 years for develop-
ment of the country'sfishing industry.
July 20: Saudi Arabia gave ?4m as its "last install-
ment" of aid for the currentfiscal year.
July 31: King HIusayn said he was committed to the
"escalation"of resistanceto Israel "until victory
is achieved" but warned commandos that they
would have to submit to army coordination.
Aug. 2: The Beirut daily L'Orientpublished reports
that a number of Syrian troops had moved into
Jordanto "strengthenthe EasternFront"and that
"tanks and heavy artillery" had also been
positioned.
Aug. 5: An agreement in principle was announced
under which the KFAED would financea JDs 5m
dam on the Zarqi river.
Aug. 12: Prime Minister Rifa'l tendered his resig-
nation. King IHusaynacceptedthe resignationand
appointed Bahjat al-Talhfini Prime Minister. The
following ministerialchangeswere announced:
'Abd al-Mun'im al-Rifi'i: Deputy Prime Min-
ister and Foreign Minister
Ahmad Tuqin: Deputy Prime Minister
Simi Jawdah: National Economy
Ya'qub Mu'ammar:Finance
$alh AbuiZayd: Culture,Information,Tourism
& Antiquities
Kashmir
1969
May 16: Iran reaffirmedsupport for self-determina-
tion in Jammu and Kashmir in accordancewith
UN resolutions.
May 25: Secretary-General of the Jammu and Kash-
mir Plebiscite Front Abdallah Khan charged In-
dian forces with opening fire on Kashmiripatrols,
recentlykilling 3, condemnedwhat he called high-
handed, undemocraticmeasuresand protestedthe
Indian extension of the PreventiveDetention Act.
Jane 24: A 2 day meeting of the Azad Kashmir
State Council began in Muzzaffarabad.Opening
the meeting, the Council presidentsaid that Indian
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leadershad blocked all avenues to a peaceful set-
tlement of the Kashmirdisputeand blamedIndian
intransigenceon arms supplies to India provided
by the big powers.
June 25: India protested to CommunistChina and
Pakistanover a road being built by China in the
northern Kashmir region.
July 1: Chief M. G. M. Sadiqwas reportedas having
tenderedhis resignationto Indian Prime Minister
Gandhi.
July 5: The Awami Action Committeedemandedthe
withdrawal of the bill seeking to transfer pro-
prietory rights on non-Kashmirisettlers over the
Muslim evacuee lands.
July 7: The New York Times reported the recent
formation of a Pakistanicommandoorganization,
al-Mujahid,which would operate as the military
wing of a "LiberationFront." Its tactics would
reportedlycopy those of Fath in the "liberation
war" within Kashmir.
Kuwayt
(See also Jordan, Syria)
1969
May 17: Saudi Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
'Umar al-Saqqaf began a 2 day visit for talks
with Foreign Minister Sabaihal-AhmadAl $abaih.
May 20: Bahrayn'sFinance Director Shaykh Khali-
fah bin Salmin Al Khalifah ended a day's visit
"aboutArabian Gulf affairs."
May 26: Kuwayt Airways began direct Kuwayt-
Prague service.
May 27: A Syrian trade delegationled by Economic
and Foreign Trade Minister Zuhayr al-Khbni
ended a visit with an agreementto develop eco-
nomic cooperationand trade.
May 28: The Baghdad Observerpublished reports
of the arrest of several people, including students
and workers, in connection with the bomb inci-
dents in January.
June 3: At a National Assembly meeting, Finance
Minister 'Atiqi said the governmenthad received
assurancesfrom the oil companies that Kuwayt
would not suffer as a result of the companies'
commitmentsto other countries.
June 7: The National Assemblypassedan act estab-
lishing a 3 man state security court to try those
involved in the Januarybombing incidents.
June 8: The officialgazette announcedthe formation
of an IndustrialDevelopmentCommitteeto study
and make proposals on the development of in-
dustry,'protection measures,tax and customs ex-
emptionsand training.
June 18: Turkey opened its first information and
tourism office in the country.
June 21: Saudi Ministerof State for Foreign Affairs
Saqqafended a 3 day visit for talks primarilyon
"issuesrelatedto the future of the ArabianGulf."
 CHRONOLOGY 517

July 13: The Cabinet approveda decree appointing June 4: L'Orient published an interview in which
'Abd al-Aziz Muhammadal-Uqayli SecretaryGen- Economy Minister Majdalani said the IPC re-
eral of the Cabinet. fineryat Tripoli had been closed for routine main-
July 15: Oil and Finance Minister 'Atlqi began a 5 tenance and denied rumors that IPC planned to
day visit to Spain, to include talks with General expand the refinery'scapacity.
Franco. June 14: After week long meetings with Hilu,
July 25: Reutersreportedthat the fourth conference Prime Mihister-designateRashildKarAm!said that
of the National Federationof Kuwayti Students, "all Lebaneseare agreed on the principles of na-
meeting from 19 to 24 July, adopted resolutions tional security and sovereignty" but that there
recommendingthe nationalizationof oil conces- were "differentpoints of view" in putting them
sions in the country, affirming the unity of the into effect.
peoples of the Arabian Gulf and their right to The National Bloc Partyissued a statementsup-
self-determinationand supporting the Palestinian porting Hilu's May 31 statement,saying it should
resistancemovement. be the basis for the formationof a Cabinet.
Aug. 3: The State Attorney General said that 21 Guinea signed a tradeand economiccooperation
defendants had been charged with distributing agreement.
leaflets,inciting riots and possessingrifles and ex- June 20: Phalangist leader Pierre al-Jumayyil an-
plosives in connectionwith incidentsin November nounced that Arab commandoshad begun with-
1968 and January1969. drawalfrom Lebanonabout 18 days ago and gave
Aug. 8: Al-Ra'i al-'Am reportedthat the ArabianOil credit to UAR PresidentNasir for having influ-
Companyhad agreedin principleto an accelerated enced Fath and the Syrian governmentto arrange
time schedulefor tax paymentsto the government. the withdrawalof al-$i'iqah commandos.
June 21: The Daily Star published reports that
mediation between Lebanon, Syria and the com-
mando organizationswere expectedto bring about
Lebanon a complete commandowithdrawal.
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General,Iraq, A Sudanese ministerial delegation ended a 2
Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAR) day visit.
June 22: The Palestine Liberation Organization
1969 (PLO) denied that commandoswere leaving the
May 19: Teachers at government schools ended a country and said that the commando presence
month's strike after the parliamentary finance "is not a subject for bargaining."
committee approved a bill raising their salaries. June 23: Kar6mi ended a meeting with Hilu on
May 21: Saudi Minister of State for Foreign Affairs possibleCabinetmembers,sayinghe was optimistic
'Umar al-Saqqaf began a brief visit. about forming a Cabinet.
May 24: In an interview with al-Nahhr, Kamil June 24: The Beirut daily al-Jaridah reported a
Junblat criticizedthe governmentfor acknowledg- Saudidecisionnot to renew the tradeand residence
ing the presence of guerrillasin the country, ex- agreement.
plaining that publication of the fact gave Israel July 15: The Tripartite Alliance ended a 2 day
an excuse to attack. conference with a statement supporting Hilfu's
May 29: The CentralBank announcedthat all banks May 31 policy statement and reaffirmedits sup-
operatingiin the countrymust have reservesequal port for the Palestinian cause but only through
to 5% of their obligations. means "determinedby Lebaneseauthorities."
May 30: Al-Nahdr published reportsthat 50 Syrian July 2-1: Minister of National Economy Nasim
invadershad crossedthe borderon May 28, carried Majdalini denied he was opposed to the estab-
out shooting exercises and detonated mines and lishment of a third refineryin Lebanon and in-
then returnedto Syria. vited the Saudi state oil agency Petromin to enter
May 31: PresidentHilu announcedthat the country into immediate negotiationswith the government
was not preparedto allow those "not responsible on licensing a third refinery.
to the Lebanesepeople" to take actions that could July 24: Ruler of Abu Dhabi ShaykhZayd ended a
endanger the country'ssovereignty and said that 3 day officialvisit for talks with Hilu and govern-
no pretext should be gilven for Israeli raids and ment officials.
annexationsof border areas. July 31: Reports were published in Beirut papers
June 3: Head of the Departmentof Land and Sea that a number of Shiite 'rlamnawere imprisoned
TransportRaymond Farhat announced that ships in Iraq and several others were being sought by
not meeting the governmentrequirementof 50% Iraqi securitypolice.
Lebaneseownership, but 500 tons and over, em- Aug. 2: ForeignMinisterYuisufSalim ended a week's
ployed in long voyages and meeting the Public visit to Paris.
Works Ministry's requirementscould register in Aug. 3: L'Orientreportedthat govemment authori-
the country. ties were taking precautions to prevent clashes

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518 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
between commandosin southern Lebanon backed
by the Syrian and Iraqi governments.
Aug. 6: A loan agreementfor 50,000 tons of wheat
valued at LE10mwith the EEC was announced.
Aug. 12: Minister of InformationBahij Taqi al-Din
announced he was leaving the caretakergovern-
ment.
L'Orientreportedthat clashes between the com-
mando groups al-Sa'iqahand the Arab Liberation
Front resulted in 4 people killed.
Aug. 13: Minister of National Economy Majdalani
was quoted in the press as saying that the gov-
ernment had agreed in principle to the establish-
ment of a third refineryby Saudi Arabia but that
Saudi Arabia had insisted that the refineryshould
enjoy the same terms as those applikableto the
two existing foreign refineriesin Lebanon.
Libya
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General,
Tunisia, Turkey,UAR)
1969
May 26: The Yugoslav firm Hidrogradrijasigned a
U6.8m contract for the constructionof 3 main
and 9 subsidiarydams at Wadi al-Majitayn.
June 1: A 19 man Jordanianparliamentarydelega-
tion led by former Prime Minister Sa'd Jum3'
began a week's officialvisit.
June 8: Lipetco signed an agreement with Sirtica
Shell covering oil exploration, production, refin-
ing and local marketingoperationsin a concession
totalling 24,000 square kilometersof on and off-
shore acreage.
June 9: The following ministerialappointmentswere
announced:
Ma'toq Adam: Interior
'Ali 'Atiqah: Economy& Trade
Ahmad Najm: Communications
'Umar Bin 'Amir: Planning & Development
Husaynal-Ghannay:Tourism
'Ali Hasanayn:ForeignAffairs
Silim al-Qidi: Health
Mas'id Biqayqls: Civil ServiceAffairs
June 12: King Idris began a trip to Greecefor medi-
cal treatment,with Crown Prince Rida acting in
his behalf until the King's return.
June 25: Oil Minister Khalifah Musi began a visit
to West Germany for talks on possible construc-
tion of an oil refinery.
June 26: The Societe Financiere Europeenne an-
nounced a $100m financing arrangementfor Oc-
cidentalPetroleumto build a liquifiedgas injection
plant in the country.
Deputy Director of the World Bank Mo-
hamed Shoaib ended a 3 day visit, saying "an
importantagreementwas reachedwith the Libyan
Government in the field of cooperation."
July 15: The Soviet news agency Tass reportedtalks
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between 'Ali Hasanaynand USSR Foreign Min-
ister Gromykoin Moscowwhich were "on subjects
of mutual interest."
July 22: Reuters reported the completion of the
ENI gas pipeline linking the Raguba gas field
with Mersa Brega.
July 23: The LibyanNews Agency reportedan order
by the CommercialAgencies Administrationthat
all non-Libyanagents liquidate their business by
August 31, 1969.
July 31: Le Monde reported an agreement by the
French state oil concern ERAP to buy "sub-
stantikl quantities"of Libyan crude from the US
Occidental Petroleum Co.
Aug. 7: Under Secretary of Petroleum Affairs
Ibr6him al-Hanqfir announced that the govern-
ment would open negotiationswith oil companies
operating in Libya on raising posted prices for
Libyan crude. He said that posted prices should
take into account the posted prices of crude in
the free market, freight and insurancecosts and
the quality of the oil and said he expected an in-
creaseof at least 10 cents a barrel in the postings
for Libyancrude.
Aug. 9: Prime MinisterQadhdhafisaid that the gov-
ernment had provided "an ample budget to make
our army rank with the best in the world itn
training and equipment."
Aug. 14: The Ministry of Petroleum announced a
Spanishagreementto buy 1,000m cubic metres of
natural gas.
Morocco
(See also General, Algeria)
1969
May 17: Algeria agreed to set up a joint tourism
and trade development company, Sotalma, with
investment in tourist facilities shared equally by
the 2 governments.
May 24: A Dutch trade delegation ended a 10 day
visit with agreementto set up a permanenttrade
and economic commission.
May 28: Reuters reported a strike by miners de-
mandinghigher wages at the Djebel Aouammines.
May 30: Le Monde reportedanti-inflationarymeas-
ures including requirementsthat commercialbanks
hold 30% of their total deposits in government
bonds and maintain a liquidity ratio of 50%
and that all banks have a minimum capital of
?160,000.
June 3: Franceissued a joint communiqueannounc-
ing agreement between the 2 countries on the
type of projectsto be carriedout by Frenchfirms
with Frenchgovernmentbackingwithin the frame-
work of the Moroccan5 year plan.
June 10: Foreign Ministry SecretaryGeneral Mo-
hamedSijilmassiended a 9 day visit to Yugoslavia,
saying his talks with governmentleaders had had
 CHRONOLOGY
"positive results" and confirmed that Morocco
would participatein the next consultativeconfer-
ence of non-alignedcountries.
June 18: West Germany signed a ?5.24m interest
free loan agreement to finance development
projects.
June 26: The Moroccan-AlgerianMixed Committee
for Information, Posts and Transport ended its
meeting after signing agreements on radio and
TV cooperationand the developmentof communi-
cationsand road transportbetweenthe 2 countries.
June 29: A military delegationled by Chief of Staff
'Umar al-Alami ended a 6 day visit to the USSR.
June 30: Spain formallytransferredIfni to Morocco.
July 1: The country signed a cultural agreement
with Bulgaria.
July 3: King Hasan ended a 6 day private visit to
Spain for talks with General Franco and Foreign
Minister Castiella.
July 9: Le Monde reported the King's order that
24,000 hectares of land be distributedto 2,063
families.
In a birthdayspeech,King Hasan said he would
examine "firmlyand obstinately"the most difficult
of the country'sproblems, "youth, education and
culture."
July 15: The US signed a $5m loan agreement
to be used for the purchase of US agricultural
goods and equipment.
July 24: King Hasan will make an official visit to
Algeria in the second half of September,it was
reported.
Aug. 7: King Hasan announcedministerialchanges,
with Ahmad Rida Guediraassumingthe portfolio
of SecondaryEducation,Technical Educationand
Higher Education. Mustafa Faris was appointed
Minister of State for Planning.
Pakistan
(See also General, Afghanistan,Iran, Syria)
1969
May 16: Iranian Prime Minister Hoveida ended a
3 day officialvisit for talks with PresidentYahya
and government leaders "covering a wide range June 30: The World Bank agreed to a $14.5m 25
of subjects"including Pakistan'sreaffirmationof
its "full understanding"of the Iranianposition in
the Shatt al-'Arabdispute.
The government announced President Yahya's
acceptanceof a USSR invitation to visit.
May 20: The Pakistan Consortiumended a 2 day July 1: The Central Commerce Secretarysaid the
meeting in Paris after agreeingthat Pakistancould
effectivelyuse aid totalling $500m next year, half
of which should be provided in non-projectas-
sistance.
May 21: PresidentYahya ended a 3 day tour of the
northwest frontier region for talks with political
leaders.
May 25: PresidentYahya accusedIndia of an arms
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519
buildup and stressed the country'sneed for new
US military equipment.
US Secretaryof State Rogers ended a day's visit
for talks with President Yahya and government
officials.
May 31: A joint communiquewas releasedafter the
day's visit by USSR Prime Minister Kosygin on
May 30 saying his talks with President Yahya
were marked by "cordialityand friendly under-
standing."
June 2: Yugoslaviaagreed to grant $30m of credits
for a $57m projectto build up the port of Chalna
and the shipyardof Chittagong,it was reported.
June 5: The American InternationalOil Company
signed an oil exploration agreement covering
20,000 square miles in West Pakistan.
June 7: The West Pakistanland commissiondecided
to pay about 8.4m rupees to redeem about 900
compensationbonds issued to landownersfor the
excessive land taken by the government under
land reforms of 1959, it was reported.
June 12: A British ?9.5m interest free loan for
1969/70 was reported.
June 18: An Ethiopian Boeing 707 was attackedat
Karachiairportwith grenadesand sten guns by 3
Eritreans.
June 24: The Justice Party combined with the East
PakistaniNational DemocraticFront, the Nizam-
i-Islam and the Awami League to form the Paki-
stan DemocraticParty.
June 28: The budget for 1969/70 was announced
with revenuesset at $1,582,077,000 and expendi-
tures at $1,025,430,000. Import duty on ma-
chinery and components for West Pakistan was
raised to 50%, up by 15%, and to 30%, up by
5%, for East Pakistan.Duty on cars was set at
100% ad valofem.
June 29: The country'sdevelopmentplan was an-
nouncedwith East Pakistanreceiving 53% of the
funds. The growth rate for East Pakistanin 1969
was set for 7% and for West Pakitstan,6%.
Tunisian Secretaryof State for Foreign Affairs
Habib Bourguiba,Jr., ended a 5 day visit for talks
with PresidentYahya after signing an agreement
on closer economic cooperation.
year loan to finance foreign exchange costs for
major improvementsin the railway system.
The IDA announceda $30m 50 year interest
free credit for an agricultural improvement
program.
new import policy was designedto bring down the
price of consumergoods and to insure maximum
industrialproduction.
July 3: The government announced a new educa-
tional policy, effective September1, stressing ele-
mentary education and vocational and technically
oriented training in secondaryschools. The plan,
aiming at 68m new adult literates by 1980, also
520 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
called for increaseduniversity autonomy and im-
provementin teachers'pay. Further,English is to
be eliminatedas an officiallanguagein the country
in 6 years.
President Yahya inaugurated the Rs 3m se-
curitypapermills in Karachi,the first joint venture
under the RCD.
July 4: Pakistan and India signed the final maps
demarcatingtheir border in the Rann of Kutch.
July 5: The government announced labor reforms
raising minimum wages, and giving industrial
workers the right to form unions, bargain col-
lectively and go on strike. Health measuresand
safety provisions were also included.
July 8: Indian ExternalAffairs SecretarySingh told
newsmen that he had had a frank exchange with
Pakistani government leaders during his recent
visit to the country.
July 17: Air MarshalNur Khan ended a 6 day good
will visit to the Chinese People's Republic and
said that a complete understandingof views was
reachedduring his talks with governmentleaders.
July 19: The AssociatedPress of Pakistan reported
that Chinese Prime Minister Chou En-Lai will
visit the country early in 1970.
July 28: President Yahya said that a constitutional
framework must be decided on before election
preparationscould be made and said that if politi-
cal leaderscould not decide on such a framework,
he "may have to go to the nation to obtain its
verdict."He announcedthat political groupswould
be allowed to hold meetings of working commit-
tees, councils and conventionsbut would still not
be allowed to hold public meetings or rallies.
Further, he said he had ordered the recruitment
of East Pakistanisinto the governmentbe doubled
and said his goal was the "smooth transfer of
power to elected representativesof the people."
He also announcedhe would create a "councilof
ministers" to supplement the military regime.
President Yahya announced the government's
decision to merge the states of Swat, Sir and
Chitral in West Pakistan.
Aug. 2: US PresidentNixon ended a day'svisit after
talks with President Yahya which he said were
helpful for a better understandingof the country's
problems and for improving bilateral relations.
Aug. 4: The following ministerialappointmentswere
announced:
A. M. Malik: Health, Social Welfare & Family
Planning
Nawab MuzzafarAli Qizilbash: Finance
A. K. M. Hafizuddin:Industries& Natural Re-
sources
NawabzadaMohammadSher Ali Khan: Infor-
mation & Broadcasting
Mohammad Shamsuil Huq: Educational and
ScientificResearch
Ahasul Haque: Commerce
Sardar Abdur Rashid: Kashmir & Northwest
Frontier Areas
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Aug. 5: The US agreed to loan $3m to financethe
dollar costs of studies and consultation for mu-
tually agreed upon projects.
PersianGulf
(See also Iran, Jordan, Kuwayt, Lebanon,
Saudi Arabia)
1969
May 19: The Popular Front for the Liberationof
the OccupiedArabian Gulf issued a communique
saying its forces had killed or wounded 79 troops
of Muscatin early May.
May 29: British Foreign SecretaryMichael Stewart
confirmedthat Britain would withdraw its troops
from the region by 1971 as planned and said that
the defense of the region would then be the
responsibilityof the Gulf states.
Shell signed an agreement for a 732 square
kilometeronshoreconcessionin Umm al-Qaywayn.
June 4: The Bahrayn Foreign Affairs Department
said it "views with concern and strongly opposes
recent statementsby Iranian officialswho repeated
Iran's unlawful claim to Bahrayn."
June 9: Abu Dhabi ruler Shaykh Zayd Bit Sultan
ended a 5 day visit to Switzerland.
June 10: Shaykh Zayd arrived in London for a 4
day official visit, to be followed by a month's
private visit.
June 15: The Military Committee, set up by the
Federal Council, began its first meeting in
Bahrayn.
June 19: Speaking in London, Shaykh Zayd said
that in preparing the country's 5 year plan, the
government "did take into account the fact that
to rely completely on oil is something very dan-
gerous" and said that the government's policy
was "to utilize the oil revenues to diversify into
other sourcesof revenue."
June 23: The Provisional Federal Council ended
a 2 day meeting after decidingto establisha federal
trade and industry departmentand approving, in
principle, a proposal to establish a federal social
insuranceorganilzation.
June 26: A Foreign Affairs departmentwas estab-
lished in Qatarwith Deputy Ruler ShaykhKhali-
fah Bin Hamad Al Thini named as its head.
July 8: Shaykh Zayd ended a month's visit to
London.
July 10: The US Chase ManhattanBank announced
it would open a new bank, The CommercialBank,
Ltd., capitalizedat $2m, in Dubai in partnership
with The CommercialBank of Kuwayt and the
Commerzbankof West Germany.
July 11: Six British banks signed a ?14.5m loan
to Qatar to help finance the construction of the
country's projected fertilizer plant.
July 14: Bahrayn opened its ?2.1m satellite earth
station.
 CHRONOLOGY 521

July 30: At a press conference in London, Dubai interfere with Saudi Arabia's commitments and
ruler Shaykh Rishid said he would trn the obligations."
projecteddeep water harbor in Dubai into a tax June 7: The Middle East News Agency reportedthat
free port as soon as facilities allowed. most Saudi Arabian property in Cairo had been
Aug. 2: Dubai ruler Shaykh Rishid ended a 4 returnedto its owners.
day officialvisit to London for talks with govern- June 15: Aramco agreed to supply Petromin with
ment leaders and a 9 day private visit. LPG for distributibnto local dealers.
Aug. 3: Britait contributedan additional ?100,000 June 17: The Beirut paper al-Akhbir published re-
to the Trucial States Development Council, it was ports from the PFLP that 48 of its members had
announced. been arrestedin the country.
Aug. 8: An underwateroil storage tank built for June 18: The government denied reports of mass
Dubai Petroleum Co. which will hold 500,000 arrestsin the country.
barrelswas submergedto the bottom of the Gulf June 22: Minister of Petroleum Yamni3 said that
57 miles off Dubai. losses from the sabotage of the Tapline pipeline
Shaykh Zayd opened development projects in- were expectedto rise as high as SRs 100m if the
cluding covered marketsand schools to mark the line remained closed.
third anniversaryof his accessionto the throne. June 23: A large military delegation led by Leba-
Iraqi Defense Minister Takriti ended a 3 day nese Commanderin Chief Bustani ended a 3
visit to attend celebrationsof the ruler's accession day visit.
to the throne. June 27: The Ministry of Health announcedit had
allotted 60 scholarships for students from the
Gulf in the 1969/70 academic year.
Saudi Arabia July 12: The Beirut Commercedu Levant reported
that Saudi Arabia had "categoricallyrefused" to
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General,
renew its trade agreement with Lebanon unless
Iraq, Kuwayt,Lebanon,South Yemen) authorizationwere given for a third oil refinery
in which Saudi Arabia would participate.
1969 July 13: Al-Akhbar published reports that Saudi
May 19: The Beirut daily al-Anwdr published an authoritieshad arrested200 security officers and
"Open Letter to the Shah of Iran" by former cvilians in the middle of June and chargedthem
Saudi Minister of Oil Tariqi, in which Tariqi with an attemptedoverthrow of the regime.
took exception to the Shah's "slanders"against July 24: A Royal Decree was issued naming Prince
the Arabs and suggested that the best solution Turki Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz Deputy Minister of De-
to Iran's revenue problem would be for Iran to fense and Aviation.
take action with the backing of other producing Aug. 7: The US State Departmentannouncedthat
countriesto raise its tax rates on oil production. Interior Minister Prince Fahd would pay a 2
Bahrayn's Finance Director Shaykh Khalifah day visit beginning October 13.
Bin Salman Al Khalifah ended a day's visit for
talks "about Arabian Gulf affairs."
May 22: Ministerof State for Foreign Affairs'Umar South Yemen
al-Saqqif ended a Europeanvisit for talks with
government leaders in Britain, France, Belgium, (See also Syria, UAR)
Italy and Switzerland.
May 24: Bahrayn'sCrown Prince Hamad Bin 'Isi 1969
Al Khalifah began a 3 day official visit. May 18: A Soviet military delegation ended a 10
May 30: Speaking at the American University of day visit after talks with President Sha'bi and
Beirut, Minister of Petroleum Zaki Yamani said Defense Ministry officials.
that oil producingcountries'long term aims should May 22: The UN FAO agreed to supply $580,900
be to preserve the stability of the present world worth of food to patients and nurses at the coun-
oil price structureand to promote the growth of try's health institute.
national oil companies to insure their increasing The World Health Organizationagreed to send
role in the oil industry. Further, participation a health adviser to the Health Ministry and to
should be not only upstreamin the producingend contributetowardsthe wages of specialistsworking
but also downstreamin the marketing field. in the Ministry.
May 31: The Saudi radio denounced the Popular May 26: PresidentSha'bi, accompaniedby the Min-
Front for the Liberationof Palestine (PFLP) for isters of Finance,Agricultureand Communications,
its sabotage of the Tapline pipeline saying that began a 2 week visit to North Korea.
"this destructiveact confirmsthat this commando May 28: Aden Radio reported that "scatteredrem-
group is not sincere about the slogans it raises nants of infiltrators"from Saudi Arabia had been
concerningthe liberation of Palestine"and added repulsed by government forces in the 'Awlaqi
"such irresponsible acts will not be allowed to region.

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522 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

June 2: An Algerian delegation from the Ministries
of Industry & Energy and Economy, Trade &
Planning ended a 3 day visit.
June 14: The governmentannouncedits recognition
of the South VietnameseProvisionalRevolutionary
Government.
June 17: President Sha'bi dismissed Interior Min-
ister Muhammad'All Haytham.
June 22: The National LiberationFront'sHigh Com-
mand announced the resignation of President
Sha'bi, denouncing his "one-mandictatorialrule"
and announceda new five man presidentialcoun-
cil as follows: Muhammad 'Ali Haytham, Mu-
hammad Silih 'Awad 'Awlaqi, 'Abd al-Fattah
Ismi'll, al-Jawfi, Salim 'Ali Rubaya and 'All
Ahmad Nisir Antar.
The High Command named the objectives of
the change in governmentas the protectionof the
Yemeni revolution in the 2 Yemens, establishing May 25: Military officersannounced the overthrow
close relationswith sister Arab countries,especially
the UAR, and the adoption of a clearer policy
towardsliberation movementsin the world.
June 23: Muhammad'All Haythamwas namedPrime
Minister and Salim 'All Rubaya was appointed
Chairmanof the PresidentialCouncil.
Jaly 1: Aden Radio reported the appointmentsof
'All 'Abdallih Maysari as Army Commanderin
Chief, Mahdl Mahdu Ushaysh as Armed Forces
Chief of Staff,Muhammad'Awad al-Zuki as Com-
mander of Naval Forces and 'All Shaykh 'Umar
as Director of Public Security.
July 2: West Germany announced it would close
its embassy in Aden after the country'sdecision
to recognize East Germany.
July 3: Aden Radio announcedthe appointmentof
'Abd al-Milik Ismai'llas Director General in the
Prime Minister's office.
July 9: Aden Radio announcedthe appointmentof
Muhammad Salim as Agriculture and Agrarian
Reform Minister.
July 10: Deputy Chairmanof the EastGermanCoun-
cil of Ministers Gerhard Weiss ended a week's
visit.
July 17: Prime Minister Haytham said that the
leader of the Awlaqi rebels, Ahmad $ilih al-
Ahmar,had recentlysurrenderedand that the other
rebels had dispersed.
Haythamsaid that East Germanywould provide
"extensive"aid to the country, to be used pri-
marily for agriculturaldevelopment and to help
in industrial and economic projects.
July 21: An Ordinancefor the Organizationand En-
couragementof Investmentwas announcedunder
which at least 75 % of the labor force in any
enterprise must be local workers and they must
earn not less than 50 % of the total wage bill.
After 5 years, half of the senior staff must be
Arab. Privileges for foreign investors include May 27: The governmentannouncedits decision to
exemption from customs duties, low land rentals, recognize East Germany becauseof that country's
exemption of profits from taxes for the first 5
years after production begins.
Aug. 14: The Aden newspaperFourteenthOctober
reportedthat a number of governmentemployees
and merchantshad been detained for questioning
on chargesof embezzlementand sellihg goods at
exorbitant prices.
Sudan
(See also Iraq, Lebanon,Syria, UAR)
1969
May 19: Prime Minister Mahjub said that resump-
tion of diplomaticrelations with the US was not
being considered.
May 22: President Azhari ended a day's visit to
the Congo (Kinshasa), calling the visit "useful
and successful."
of the government,naming Abu Bakr 'Awadallih
as Prime Ministerand Ministerof Foreign Affairs
and naming Col. Ja'far Numayri as President of
the new RevolutionaryCouncil. All previousgov-
ernmental bodies were dissolved, all newspapers
suspendedand all airportsclosed. Prime Minister
'Awadallahsaid the country would follow a "so-
cialist, democratic course" and would promote
closer relationswith the UAR and "otherprogres-
sive Arab states."
May 26: 'Awadallahannouncedthe new Cabinet as
follows:
Ja'far Numayrl: Defense
Faruq 'Uthman Hamdallah: Interior
MansurMah.jiub:Finance
'Abd al-Karim Mirghani: Economics & Com-
merce
Makkiwi Mustafa: Planning
Muhammad'Abdallih Nur: Agriculture
Joseph Garang: Supply
KhalafallahAbu Bakr: Local Government
Muhy al-Din Sabir: Education
Amin al-Shibli: Justice
Maurice Sidri: Health
Mahjuib'Uthman: Information
Mahmiid Khat7ib:Communications
'Abd al-'Alim: Housing
Ahmad al-Jak: Public Works
Murtada Ahmad IbrThim:Irrigation
Mfisa Mubarak:Industry & Mining
Taha Bashir: Labor
Ahmad 'Abdin: Animal Resources
F-aruqAbui'Isa: State for the Premier'sOffice
'Awadallah said the government would be
"leftist, socialist, but not extremist or fanatic"
and announcedthat former Prime Minister Mah-
jub and former PresidentAzhari were under house
arrest but unharmed.
opposition to Israel.
The government announced a 20o% cut in

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 CHRONOLOGY
salaries and the abolition of fringe benefits for
government officials.
May 29: The Cabinet decided to abolish the poll
tax and the military service tax.
May 30: Restrictionson processionsand gatherings
were lifted, provided prior approval had been
granted by the provincial governor.
June 1: President of the Council Numayri barred
the secession of the southernprovinces,saying the
new regime would seek a political solution which
would "take into considerationthat the southern
Sudan has its own characteristics."
The governmentannouncedthe release of 8 of
the 14 ministers arrestedon May 25 including
the former Ministers of Interior, Foreign Affairs,
Communications,Commerce,Agriculture,Industry
and Labor.
June 2: The Egyptian al-Jumhfiriyyahpublished a
list of 69 formergovernmentand political leaders
who were reportedlybeing detained by the Suda-
nese for questioning.
June 5: OmdurmanRadio reported that Secretary-
General of the dissolved Umma Party $adiq al-
Mahdi had been arrested.
East Germanysigned an agreementon coopera-
tion in trade and economic affairs and culture.
June 8: Numayri announceda Council resolutionto
"grant autonomy to the southern provinces" within
the frameworkof a "new integral,socialistSudan."
He announced amnesty for the southern rebels
and said an economic,social and culturaladvance-
ment programfor the south would be instituted.
The Revolutionary Council passed a Political
CorruptionAct stipulating life imprisonmentand
confiscatilonof propertyfor those found guilty of
corruptionfrom 1956 through May 1969.
June 9: 'Awadallah denied reports that the gov-
ernment was planning wholesale nationalization
and confiscationof property.
AP reporteda Council order for police to use
a maximum degree of violence" in dispersing
anti-governmentdemonstrations.
June 12: An official delegation from Mauritania,
led by Foreign Minister Hamdi Ould Mouknas,
ended a 4 day visit after signing an agreementto
establish diplomatic relationsat the ambassadorial
level.
June 14: The Council announcedthat the managing
board of the Gezira Cotton Scheme board had
been dissolved and that the board would be re-
formed.
June 15: Palestine commando leader Yasir 'Arafat
ended a day's visit.
June 18: The government approved a bill for the
registrationof importers with the government to
eliminate the need for commerciallicense brokers,
it was reported.
June 19: The Council approvedthe following Cabi-
net changes:
'Umar al-Hajj Miusa:Defense
MansuirKhalid: Youth & Spoits
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523
MubarakSinadah:Hoasing
'Uthman Abui al-Qasim Hishim: Cooperation
& Rural Development
Joseph Garang: State for Southern Affairs
'Abd al-Alim: Supplies
Muhammad 'Abdallah Nar: Agriculture and
Production& Agrariat;Reform
June 20: Numayri announcedthe retirementof 10
civil justices and 4 shari'ah judges in order to
"reorganizeand revitalize" the judiciary.
June 28: The Council of Ministers announced the
liquidation of Native Administrationin Khartum
Province, the Northern Province, the Gezira area
and the Northern White Nile Rural Council area,
explaining that the "influenceof the Native Ad-
ministrationconstitutesa grave dangerto the citi-
zens' freedom."
July 1: Yemeni Council President Iryamnended a
visit with a joint communiquesaying the leaders
had "discussedin detail the requirementsof in-
dustrialand economicdevelopmentand planning."
July 3: India signed an agreement to expand bi-
lateral trade by 50% up to ?30m annually.
July 6: Interior Minister Hamdallih announcedthat
censorshipof the local press had been abolished.
July 15: Minister of Cooperationand Rural Devel-
opment 'Uthman Abu al-Qasimsaid the building
of a socialist system in the countrywould not be
achieved through ownershipof productionby the
public sector but through "citizens' participation
in exploiting the country'spotentials and solving
the problemshinderingproduction."
A provisional government for southern Sudan,
to be called the Anyidi RevolutionaryGovernment,
proclaimed its autonomy from northern Sudan.
The provisional President, Emidio Tafeng Lo-
dongi, heads the government which includes 9
other military officers.
General Lodongi said that, effective July 11,
"the army has taken over the government from
the politicians" and said his government would
continue in control "until politicians of the right
calibre can be trustedwith holding the destiny of
this land."
Finance Minister of the Anyidi government
Aliaba Loboka Surur said his government would
continue to demandseparationbecause"anyagree-
ment made in Khartuimwill be meaningless,since
it will not representthe African population."
fuly 19: Agence FrancePressereportedInteriorMin-
ister Hamdallah's announcement of widespread
arrests of members of disbandedpolitical parties
and groups and other "subversivecounter-revo-
lutionary"elements.
July 20: Hamdallah announced that an attempted
"imperialist and local counter-revolutionarycon-
spiracyhad been quashed"and that an arms cache
in Khartumhad been discoveredand 90 arrested
in connectionwith the conspiracy.
July 22: The US said the governmenthad expelled
6 American officials in June, charging that they
524 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

had aided local "plotters"against the government Mustafaal-Sayyid:Foreign Affairs

July 23: Ministerof Statefor SouthernAffairsJoseph
Garang ended a week's tour of the southern
provinces and said that ordinarycitizens accepted
the solution to the southernproblem as presented
by the revolution.
Aug. 4: The Danish Foreign Ministry announced
that a Danish airliner had been detained in
Khartuimbecause there were Israelis aboard and
it was suspected that the plane was en route to
Israel.
Aug. 8: A 20 man Soviet economic delegationbegan
a 4 week visit to study "the country'sdevelopment
needs."
Aug. 9: OmdurmanRadio reportedthat Revolution- June 3: An economic delegation ended a visit to
ary Council spokesman Abfu Zayd had begun a
visit to Moscow on a "military mission."
Aug. 11: Cairo Radio reporteda ?2m Swedish loan June 4: The SyrianCommunistParty ended a 4 day
for rural development.
Aug. 12: Six Ethiopian students and an Ethiopian
governmentofficial asked the governmentfor po- June 5: The government agreed to establish full
litical asylum after hijacking an Ethiopian Airlines
plane to KhartuLm.
SyrianArabRepublic
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General,
Iraq, Kuwayt, Lebanon, UAR)
May 17: Lebaneseleader Kamal Jumblat arrived in
Damascus.
May 19: The UAR signed an agreement to more
than double bilateraltrade.
May 20: A military delegation led by Army Chief
of Staff Tallas ended a week's visit to the Chinese
People's Republic.
May 22: The UN Special Fund agreed to contribute
over Si 6m in aid to develop farmland in the June 22: A Sudaneseministerial delegationended a
Euphratesbasin and resettle peasantsdisplacedby
the dam at Tabqa.
May 27: The governmentannouncedit would estab- June 27: A Bulgarian military delegation led by
lish full diplomaticrelationswith Albania.
May 29: UPI published reports that Assistant Sec- July 10: The Beirut weekly al-Sayyddpublished re-
retaryGeneral of the Regional Ba'th Party Salih
Jadid had resigned.
A new interim Cabinet to supervise the Sep-
tembergeneralelectionswas announcedas follows:
Nur al-Din al-Ataisi:Prime Minister
Hafiz al-As'ad: Defense
MuhammadRabab al-Tawil: Interior
Marwan Habbash: Industry
Sayyid Talib: Agriculture
Hammuidal-Kabbani:Information
Simi Sufin: Public Works
Mustafa Haddid: Higher Education
Mahmdd Jabir: Frontline Village Affairs
Ghilib Adun: Religious Affairs
Isma'il Fa'iz: Municipal and Rural Afairs
Ahmad al-Hasan: Oil, Electricityand Industrial
Projects
Suhayl al-Ghazi: Culture, Tourism and Na-
tional Guidance
MuhammadHilal: Supply
'Abdallahal-Fallih: Social Affairs and Labor
Naji al-Darawshah:Planning
Ibrihim Hamnzwi: Justice
Wasil Faysal: Communications
'Abd al-Halim Khaddim: Economyand Foreign
Trade
Nurallah Nuirallah:Finance
Mahmud al-Aydbi: Education
D-awuidRiddawi: Health
Hisham Hallaj: State
Greece after signing a most-favored-nationagree-
ment for customs duties and taxes.
secret conference in Damascus after reelecting
Khalid Bakdashas party SecretaryGeneral.
diplomaticrelations with East Germany.
June 6: An East German delegation led by Foreign
Minister Otto Winzer ended a 4 day visit.
June 11: South Yemeni President Sha'bi ended a
4 day officialvisit with a joint communiqueon the
need to strengthenpolitical,economic,culturaland
sociial relations.
June 12: The governmentannouncedits recognition
of the VietnameseProvisionalNational Liberation
Front.
June 15: The Beirut paper al-Nahdr published a
Syrian Communist Party statement that Israel
hinders "the implementationof the SecurityCoun-
cil resolution"and called on Arab states to co-
ordinate their armies and "to enforce the role of
Soviet military experts in preparing the armies
for combat."
day'svisit for talks with PresidentAtisi and other
government leaders.
Defense Minister Dzhurov ended an 8 day visit.
ports that Syria had recently received from $10m
to $15m worth of arms from Red China.
The USSR signed an economic and technical
cooperationagreementto aid in several develop-
ment projects.
July 11: An officialdelegationled by PresidentAtasi
ended an 8 day official visit to the USSR saying
that the visit had consolidated"the friendly rela-
tions betweenthe Arab and Soviet peoples and the
strengthening and expansion of the cooperation
between our countries."
July 12: Kuwayti Defense Minister Shaykh Sa'd
'AbdallahAl Sabah began a 3 day officialvisit.
July 23: EastGermanyagreedto providean industrial
loan of about $50m to finance projects including
cement, steel and steel products plants and flour
mills.

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 CHRONOLOGY 525
July 29: A decree was issued setting the appropria- ment to financean agriculturaland cattlebreeding
tions for the 1969/70 generalbudgetat S?1,199m. project.
Aug. 2: Cuban Minister of Foreign Trade Marcelo June 11: On the second of a 5 day visit, Habib
FernandezFont ended a visit after signing a 5 Bourguiba, Jr., signed a Swedish technical aid
year trade and paymentsagreementand announc- agreement.
ing that Syria would obtain all its sugar supplies June 21: The Libyan-TunisianCommitteefor Petro-
from Cubain returnfor cotton and other goods. leum Affairs met in Tunis to discuss cooperation
Aug. 10: Kuwayt signed an economic agreement in the chemical fertilizer industry.
governing trade exchange and aimed at encourag- June 24: The National Assembly adopted an in-
ing investmentand the establishmentof joint enter- vestment law guaranteeingfor investors the right
prises, and provided for the removal of customs to transfer their capital, giving more favorable
duties on animal, agriculturaland industrialprod- terms for amortizationof equipmentand arrange-
ucts and the encouragementof tourism and travel ments for suspending payment of customs duties
between the countries. and for the state to undertake "infrastructure
Aug. 11: The KFAED will make KDs 3m available works."
to cover the cost of constructinga number of India signed a culturalagreementproviding for
grain silos, it was announced. exchanges in educational, scientific and cultural
Aug. 13: Minister of Oil and Electricity Ahmad fields.
Yiusuf al-Hasan ended a 2 week visit to the USSR June 25: The IFC joined with European,Middle
and announced further Soviet commitments for Eastern and US companies in organizing a spe-
industrial development aid including the supply cialized development company to promote and
of necessaryequipment and materialsto develop financetourism in the country.
oilfields in the northeastand assistancein estab- June 30: Iranian Minister of Information Jawad
lishing petroleum researchlaboratories. Mansourended a 7 day visit announcing that a
Pakistansigned a trade and paymentsagreement joint committee would be set up to prepare a
providing for reduced import duties on certain programof culturaland informationexchanges.
products. July 1: Biubakral-Bakri was named head of the
National Guard.
July 4: Habib Bourguiba,Jr., ended a 6 day visit
Tunisia to Thailand after signing agreementson technical
and cultural cooperationand on the abolition of
(See also General,Pakistan) visa requirements.
July 7: A Libyan parliamentarydelegation led by
1969 the Senate Vice ChairmanTahir Bakr began an
May 19: An economic delegationled by Minister of officialvisit.
Planningand National EconomyAhmadBen Saleh July 8: Two French banks granted loans totalling
ended a 10 day visit to the US. ?6.9m to the Industries Chimiques Maghrebines
May 27: The USSR signed a cultural and scientific for constructionof a phosphoric acid plant at
cooperationagreement. Ghannouch.
May 29: The 4 day meeting of 29 African national BourguibaJr. ended a 4 day visit to Malaysia
trade organizationsin Tunis ended with the rep- after signing agreementson culturalexchangesand
resentativespledging to work for industrialization the abolition of visa requirements.
within their countries and said the trade unions July 18: BourguibaJr. ended 4 day visits to Indo-
"musttake an active part"in planning and imple- nesia and South Korea for talks with government
menting development programs. leaders.
June 1: PresidentBourguiba (Bu Raqibah) signed Aug. 13: Belgian LaborMinisterLouis Major ended
the 1969/72 ?488.9m development plan which a week's visit after signing a labor agreement.
aims at increasingthe GNP by 5 to 6% annually,
improving the balance of payments,reducing un-
employment, lifting import restrictions and moving Turkey
towardsmaking the dinar convertible.
June 4: The World Bank approveda $850,000 10 (See also General, Afghanistan,Cyprus,
year loan for the engineering of roads and the Iran, Kuwayt)
preparationof a highway maintenanceprogram.
June 5: The Banque Frangaisedu CommerceEx- 1969
te'rieur signed a ?4.55m loan with the Socie'te May 18: The EEC joint parliamentarycommission
Tunisienne de Banque, to be used in financing a recommendedthat Turkey should pass from the
thermal electricitystation at Ghannouch. preparatoryto the transitionalphase of EEC mem-
June 10: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs bership on December 1.
Habib Bourguiba,Jr., ended a 3 day visit to Den- May 21: The Senate voted to have a commission
mark after signing a Danish ?834,000 loan agree- give further study to a proposed constitutional

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526 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
amendment restoring political rights to Demo-
cratic Party members.
May 28: West German Foreign Minister Brandt
ended a week's visit for talks with Foreign Min-
ister Caglayangilin which the 2 reached"a com-
plete identity of views on the subjectsdiscussed."
May 29: Prime MinisterDemirel, speakingon recent
student unrest,said "it is impossibleto avoid such
incidents in a free country, but it is meaningless
to attributeto the entire Turkishyouth the things
that are done by a handful of people."
May 30: Turkish workersended their 44 day strike
against Americanmilitary installationsafter agree-
ing to a 16% increasein wages and benefits.
The rector and 11 deans of Ankara University
announcedtheir resignationsover the government's
failure to enact proposeduniversityreforms.
May 31: A 12 man Czech parliamentarydelegation
ended a 10 day officialvisit.
Jane 7: Italian Prime Minister Rumor announced
that Italy would raise its contributionto the con-
sortium to Turkey-from20 to $25m.
June 8: Rumor ended a 4 day viSit for talks with
Prime Minister Demirel.
June 12: The studentsat the IstanbulTechnicalUni-
versity and at the Ankara School of Pharmacy
ended their occupationof their universities'build-
ings after protesting the government'sfailure to
enact universityreforms.
Students at various private schools of higher
educationheld a march in Ankaracalling for na-
tionalizationof their schools.
Libyan Defense Minister 'Ubaydi began a 5
day visit.
June 15: Iranian Prime Minister and Mrs. Hoveida
ended a 5 day official visit.
June 23: Britain signed a ?2.5m loan agreement
for the purchase of British goods and services
needed for the country's economic development
program.
June 25: The World Bank agreed to an $11.5m
25 year loan to the CukurovaElectric Company
for the expansionof electricpower in the country.
June 30: The IFC announced it would supply
$1,928,300 towards a $6.5m project to expand
the spinning facilities of SentetikIplik Fabrikalari
at Sifas.
Tuly1: Japan, West Germany,Britain, France,Italy
and the EuropeanInvestmentBank announcedthey
would jointly loan $75.9m to financeconstruction
of the $185m BosphorusBridge.
July 2: Six men convictedof bombing a USIA read-
ing room and a mosque were sentencedto terms
up to 17 years, with 2 fined about $1,000.
July 3: The US signed a new joint defense agreement
with the country.
July 5: An Iraqi delegation led by Interior Minister
'Ammashended a day's visit.
July 7: A number of explosions occurred near 2
mosques, the School of Imams and Preachersand
the Turkish Cultural Association building in
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Kayseri.
July 8: The governorof Kaysericancelledthe Turk-
ish Teachers Union General Congress after con-
tinued disordersin the area.
Strictsecuritymeasureswere enforcedin Kayseri
and 9 persons suspectedof causing the incidents
were detained.
July 9: Testifying before the US House Foreign
Affairs Committee, State Department spokesman
Robert McCloskysaid that Turkeywas considering
the releaseof 100 old tanks to Pakistan,contingent
upon receiving 100 new Pattontanksfrom the US.
July 14: AnkaraRadio reportedthat explosiveswere
thrown at the CyprusEmbassyin Ankara and at
the Ankara bureau of the Turkish Cypriot Com
munal Assembly.
July 30: In accordancewith election requirements,
Justice Minister Cincer, Interior Minister Sukan
and CommunicationsMinisterBilgic were replaced
by Senators Hidyet Ayinder, Ragip Uner and
Mehmet Izman respectively.
Aug. 3: About 1,500 steel workersoccupiedthe Turk
Demir steel works to press their demands for
higher wages.
Aug. 5: About 60 riot police were injured in an
unsuccessful attempt to evict the workers from
the Turk Demir steel works.
Aug. 10: Prime Minister Demirel announced the
establishmentof a Ministryof Forests,with Sabit
Osman named as Minister.
Aug. 11: Demirel appointed Mesut Erez Minister
of Agricultureafter the resignationof the former
Minister Bahri Dagdas, protesting the establish-
ment of the Ministryof Forests.
Aug. 12: About 4,500 workers at the Eregli Iron
and Steel Works went on strike for higher wages.
LibyanKing Idris began a 15 day private visit.
Aug. 14: The governmentissued a decreepostponing
for 30 days the strike at the Eregli Iron and Steel
Works, saying it would "harmnational security."
United ArabRepublic
(See also Arab Israeli Conflict,General,Iran,
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria)
1969
May 21: PresidentN-asirissued a decree abolishing
the War ProductionMinistry and distributingits
functions among other ministries.
May 23: A Syrian military mission led by Army
Chief Tallas ended a day'svisit.
May 25: SouthYemeni PresidentSha'bi,accompanied
by his Ministersof Finance,Agricultureand Com-
munications,ended a day's visit.
May 31: Al-Ahnim reporteda French credit agree-
ment to export 300,000 tons of wheat and 282,000
tons of flour, to be repaid within 2 years.
June 3: The government announced the 1969/70
budget balanced at $5.6 billion, with defense
 CHRONOLOGY 527

alloted $563m and the investment budget set at July 13: An agreementwas reachedwith a French-
$805m. No increasein prices, taxes or duties was
announced.
June 6: East German Foreign MinisterOtto Winzer
arrivedfor a few days' visit.
June 11: An economic delegation led by Minister July 14: The LibyanMinistryof Financeannounced
of Economy Hasan Zaki ended its tour of West
Africa.
June 12: France agreed to assist in establishing a
petroleum research institute and to contribute
E?400,000 to the E?750,000 project.
June 13: USSR Foreign Minster Gromyko ended
a 4 day visit after issuing a joint communique
outlining proposals for a settlement to the Arab July 26: Muhmmad Hasan Zayyat was appointed
Israeli conflict.
June 16: Ethiopian EmperorHaila Silasse ended a July 29: SudanesePrime Minister 'Awadallahended
3 day visit for talks on improving bilateral rela-
tions and strengthening the OAU.
The government recognized the provisional
regime established by the Vietcong for South
Vietnam.
June 21: The UN FAO and the UNDP signed agree-
ments to contribute $992,000 to a 3 year animal
husbandry research and training project and
$274,000 to a 1 year field crop productivity im-
provement project in Giza.
June 23: Senegal signed a trade agreement raising
the value of bilateral trade exchanges in 1970 by
?800,000.
June 24: President Nasir appointed 'Ali Baghdadi
as Air Force Commander and Muhammad 'All
Fahmi as Assistant War Minister.
Former Prime Minister 'Ali Sabri began a 2
week visit to the USSR.
June 25: A Lebanese military delegation led by
Commander in Chief Bust-ani ended a 3 day visit.
June 30: National Guidance Minister Muhammad
F-a'iq began a tour of East African countries.
July 1: Minister of Higher Education 'Abd al-Wah-
hab al-Burulliusi began a 10 day visit to the
USSR for talks on wider cooperation.
July 6: The military intelligence department reported
its discovery of an Israeli espionage ring headed
by a West German citizen.
July 8: The government closed to foreigners all
areas of the country except Cairo, Alexandria,
Luxor and the pyramids at Giza and Aswan. Ex-
emptions were to be provided for foreigners whose
work required visiting the closed areas.
July 9: Al-Ahr,im reported the government's de-
cision to establish diplomatic relations with East
Germany.
Minister of Education Muhammad HilmI was
dismissed by Presidential decree.
Answering questions on reports of reserve
call-ups, government spokesman Zayyat said "we
try to exert the maximum effort in order to get
ourselves out of the war by getting the troops
of occupation out of our territory."
July 10: Muhammad Hafiz Ghanim was appointed
Education Minister.
headed consortilumon the constructionof a 207
mile oil pipeline, costing $175m, from Suez to
Alexandria.The line, to be completed in 1971,
will have a capacityof 60m tons a year.
the country's8th aid installment of Li5.3m.
July 25: The ASU congressended its 3 day meeting
it Cairo after issuing a statement supporting
Nasir's statementson defense and passing resolu-
tions on political matters, ASU organizationand
leadership,agriculturalsocieties and united Arab
efforts.
PermanentDelegate to the UN.
a 9 day visit with a joint communiquesaying that
the 2 countriesagreed that steps should be taken
to integrate their economic activities through in-
creased trade and preferentialtrading terms, the
establishment of similar budgetary systems ani
coordinationof policies towardsmajor world trad-
ing groups.
Aug. 5: Economyand Foreign Trade Minister Zaki
announcedan IBRD agreementto a $26m interest
free loan to finance Nile Delta development
projects.
India signed an agreementto exchange ?40.5m
worth of goods during 1969, to exchange experts
on developmentplanning and to study the possi-
bility of exporting semi-manufacturedgoods for
completilonin the other country.
Aug. 9: South Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Ali Salim
al-Baydh ended a 3 day visit for talks with For-
eign AMinister Riyad.
Aug. 10: A delegation led by Minister of Mineral
Resources'Aziz Sidqi ended a 3 week visit to the
USSR after signing a numberof contractscovering
industrialand oil projects.
The Cabinetapproveda law limiting individual
land ownershipto 50 feddans and family owner-
ship to 100 feddans.
Aug. 13: A Pan AmericanOil Companyspokesman
confirmedreportsof an oil strike in the Western
Desert saying that the wildcat tested at an average
of 2,000 b/d.
Nigerian Foreign Minister Okoi Aripko ended
a 2 day visit for talks with PresidentNasir and
Foreign Minister Riyiad.
Aug. 15: Syrian PresidentAtasi began a 3 day visit
for talks with President Nasir and government
leaders.
Yemen
(See also Sudan)
1969
May 21: San' Radio broadcast an interview in
which Prime Minister 'Amri said there were no

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528 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
pockets of Royalist resistancein the country and
said he expected the remaining tribes to join the
Republic. He said the country was "not suited
for parties"and that formationof political parties
would not be permitted.
June 7: A 5% defense tax was imposed on all ex-
ports and imports.
June 8: The London Observerpublished an inter-
view in which 'Amri said his government was
"aligned neither to the East nor to the West"
and that he was determinedto give the countrya
democraticconstitution.
June 13: The governmentannouncedthat large cop-
per deposits had been discoverednear Ta'izz.
June 29: A 16 man ministerial delegation led by
Council PresidentIryini ended a 5 day state visit
to Ethiopia.
July4: San' Radio reportedthat Commanderof the
Eastern Front General Q?sim Bin Munassir had
been killed in a "familyfight"at his headquarters.
July 8: San' Radio reported that 'Amrl had re-
signed "for medical reasons."
July 9: Sani' Radio announcedthat Deputy Prime
Minister 'Abd al-Salim Sabrahad been appointed
acting Premier until a new Premiercould be ap-
pointed. Army Chief of Staff Dayfallah was
appointed Commanderin Chief.
ruly 10: Two former ministers Muhsin al-'Ayni
and MuhammadSa'id al-'Attar,now ambassadors
to Moscowand the UN respectively,were recalled
for consultations.
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July 15: San's'Radio announcedthat the government
had resumeddiplomaticrelations with West Ger-
many and that West Germanyhad promisedsub-
stantial aid to the country.
Al-Ahnrmpublisheda statementby former Pre-
mnier'Amri saying that he was "still a member of
the RepublicanCouncil"and that he would return
to Yemen. He deniedreportsof a meetingin which
Royalists had reportedly approved the principle
of coalition and the Republican system, saying a
meeting with the Royalists had been cancelled
after Royalistinsistenceon secrecyfor the meeting.
July 27: Reports were published in Beirut saying
that Prince 'AbdallahBin Hasan had been mur-
dered at the mosque in Sada.
July 30: San' Radio reported Council President
Iryani's request that former Premier 'Ayni form
a new government.
Aug. 3: New appointmentsto the National Council
were reported, including Sa'id Farhan, Ahmad
'Abd al-Wasi',MuhammadHusayn Thuraya,'Abd
al-SamadSabran and $Ali'hal-Sahran.
Aug. 10: San' Radio reported that both 'Ayni
and 'Attar told Council President Iry&nithat a
"stablegovernment"could not "be formed before
the country'spermanentconstitutionwas prepared
and approved, and before the main nationalist
forces had agreed on a national covenant safe-
guardingthe revolutionand the Republic and de-
fining the country'sdomestic and foreign policy."