Chronology April 16, 1986-July 15, 1986

Reviewed work(s):
Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 687-719
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4327427 .
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April 16, 1986-July 15, 1986
ABBREVIATIONS:
AN, Arab News
CSM, ChristianScience Monitor
FBIS, Foreign BroadcastInformationService
Daily Report-Middle East & North Africa and
South Asia
JP, TheJerusalemPost
MEED, MiddleEast EconomicDigest
MEES, MiddleEast Economic Survey
NYT, The New YorkTimes
TDN, TurkishDaily News
WP, The WashingtonPost
Arab-Israeli Conflict
(See also, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Morocco, Syria)
1986
April 16: Twenty-five Palestinianfamilies arrived
in the Gaza Stripfrom Egypt as partof a resettle-
mentprogramprovidedfor in the 1979CampDavid
accords. [4/17 AN]
A Palestinianwas shot and killed in al-Birehby
an Israeli soldier who pursued him following an
attack on an Egged bus.
The Hebron Polytechnic Institute was ordered
closed for two weeks following "riots" at the
campuson April 15. [4/17JP]
April 17: A parade by Druze residents of Ayn
Qunya in the Golan Heights to mark SyrianInde-
pendence Day was forcefully dispersed by Israeli
police. [4/17 FBIS]
A bomb was found by Israeli security guardsat
London's Heathrow Airport in the baggage of a
woman about to board an El Al Airlines flight to
Tel Aviv. [4/18 WP]
April 18: British police arrested JordanianNizar
Hindawiin London in connection with the El Al
bomb attemptand said he had duped his pregnant
fiancee into carryingthe bomb. [4/19 NYT]
April 19: PLO ChairmanYasir Arafat met with
Soviet leader MikhailGorbachevin Berlin during
THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL, VOLUME40, NO. 4, AUTUMN 1986.
the 11th Congress of East Germany's Socialist
Unity Party. [4/21 FBIS]
April 21: The brother of Nizar Hindawi was ar-
rested in West Berlinin connection with the April
5 bombingof a discothequein which two persons,
including an American serviceman, died. [4/22
NYT]
The Justice DepartmentnotifiedCongressthat it
would not seek prosecutionof PLO leader Yasir
Arafatfor the 1973murdersin Sudan of US Am-
bassadorCleo Noel and charged'affairesG. Curtis
Moore, as requested by 44 senators, because the
US lacked legaljurisdiction.[4/22 WP]
April 22: An Israeli bus driver died of gunshot
wounds suffered when gunmen attacked his bus
April 12 near Ramallah.[4/23 WP]
April 23: PresidentReagan said he would not rule
out military retaliationagainst Syria and Iran if
they were linked to terroristacts. [4/24 NYT]
April24: US Secretaryof State GeorgeShultz said
there were "no plans" for a US attackon Syria or
Iran, but that the US would use force against
countrieslinked to terrorism.[4/25 NYT]
British police said they believed a bomb that
exploded outside a British Airways office in Lon-
don was aimed at the American Express facility
inside, and was "Mideastrelated." [4/25 WP]
April 25: A Jewish youth was stabbed in central
Hebron.Israeliauthoritiesimposed a one-day cur-
few on the town. [4/28 FBIS]
687
 Radio Free Lebanon reportedthat Syrianlong-
rangemissiles were being put in place in Lebanon,
and that Syriantroops in the Biqa Valley were on
full alert, in preparationfor an expected Israeli
attack. [4/28 FBIS]
April26: The RevolutionaryArabFrontclaimedto
have bombedthe AmericanExpressofficein Lyon,
France, and "an Arab group" said it had killed a
Britishdirectorof the US Black and Decker com-
pany in Lyon the day before, but police expressed
skepticismabout the claims. [4/28CSM]
April 27: A British tourist was shot and killed in
East Jerusalemby unknownassailants. [4/28WP]
Israeli authoritiesdeportededitor Zaki Muham-
mad Abu Staytahto Jordan.[4/29FBIS]
More than ten thousand supporters of Gush
Emunim arrived in Hebron to show support for
Jewish settlersin the occupiedterritories.[4/28JP]
Israeli Housing MinisterDavid Levi announced
that construction would begin in the center of
Hebron of housing for "many dozens of Jewish
families." [4/28 FBIS]
April28: IsraeliPrimeMinisterShimonPeres said
Israel and Jordan had been engaged in "quiet
diplomacy" since King Hussein's break with the
PLO in February.[4/29WP]
King Hussein was reportedly"furious"at Peres
for disclosing the secret contacts. [4/29JP]
After meeting in Cairo with EgyptianPresident
Husni Mubarak,Arafat said the issue of secret
contacts betweenJordanand Israelwas a "serious
matter" which the PLO would raise at the forth-
comingArab summitor "on the Arablevel." [4/29
FBIS]
The Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna)Fath Revolu-
tionary Council claimed responsibilityfor killing
the Britishtourist the day before, saying the mur-
der was in response to the US raidon Libya. [4/28
FBIS]
April 29: Jerusalem radio reported that security
forces had captureda terroristsquad made up of
membersof the Abu Musa (Said Musa Muragha)
faction of Fath. Authorities said the squad was
suspectedof havingkilledan Israeliwomanandthe
Britishtourist,and of woundingtwo othertourists,
an Americanand a German,severalweeks before.
[4/29 FBIS]
The JerusalemPost reportedthat the occupied
territories'tradedeficitwith Israelincreasedby 49
per cent in 1985to $219million,largelybecause of
the erosion in the earningsof Arab workers em-
ployed in Israel. [4/29JP]
Two guerrillaswere killed and three Israeli sol-
diers wounded in fightingin the Israeli-declared
"security zone" in southernLebanon. [4/30WP]
Beirutradioreportedthat Israeliforces released
17 detaineesfrom the Al-Khiyamand Atlit camps.
[4/30 FBIS]
April30: Beirutradioreportedthat 50 Israelitanks
hadbeen movedinto the securityzone April29-30.
[5/1 FBIS]
688
May 1: Jerusalemradio reported that a masked
terrorist had killed an Arab merchant in the
Jabaliyarefugeecampin the Gaza Strip.[5/2 FBIS]
May4: Three Israelisconvicted of the 1980bomb-
ing attacks against West Bank mayors were re-
leased from prisonafter servingtwo years of their
three-yearterms. [5/5 AN]
May 5: Two Arab youths were sentenced to 21
years in prisonand one to eight years for planting
bombs in 1984.Anotherman was sentenced to 20
years in prison for stabbingan Israeli soldier five
monthsbefore. [5/6 FBIS]
May 6: US State Departmentspokesmen said an
agreementmade by NBC News to keep secret the
whereaboutsof MuhammadAbbas, allegedly re-
sponsiblefor the hijackingof the cruiseshipAchille
Lauroin Oct. 1985,in returnfor a May5 interview,
made NBC an accompliceto terrorism.[5/7 NYT]
Israelipolice arrestedfive more suspectedmem-
bers of the Abu Musa terroristring. [5/7 JP]
West Berlinofficialssaid Ahmad Hasi, the Pal-
estinian detained in connection with the April 5
discothequebombingin West Berlin, had carried
out a similarattack a week earlierat the German-
ArabFriendshipSociety, an attackhe had planned
with his brotherNizar Hindawi, accused in Lon-
don of planningto blow up an El Al jetliner. [5/7
WP]
May7: Hasi said Syrianofficialshad organizedthe
earlierattack. [5/7 NYT]
In Washington,IsraeliDefense MinisterYitzhak
Rabin said the decision to try to bomb an Israeli
airlinerin Londonhad been made at a highlevel in
the Syriangovernment.[5/8 NYT]
May 8: A Genoa appealscourt upheldthe convic-
tions on weapons charges of three Palestinians
awaiting trial in connection with hijacking the
Achille Lauro, but orderedthat the fourthdefend-
ant be retriedin juvenile court. [5/9 NYT]
Jerusalemradioreportedthatviolentclashes had
taken place recently in the Gaza Strip between
Muslim fundamentalistsand "leftists," including
the stabbingof a lecturerat the Islamic University
and a number of beatings and mutilations. [5/9
FBIS]
May9: Beirutradioreportedthat Israelitroopshad
advancedto the villageof Qilyain the westernBiqa
Valley, and had searchedhouses and arrested "a
numberof citizens" in the area. The radio also
reportedthat the Israelishad supervisedthe build-
ing of fortificationsin the town of MazraatLusi.
[5/12 FBIS]
May10:IsraeliPolice MinisterChaimBar-Levsaid
Israel might retaliate against Syria if there was
clear evidence it was behind the El Al bombing
attempt.[5/11WP]
The Jerusalem Post reported that Israel had
asked the US to reassure Syria that it had no
intentionof attackingSyria. [5/11JP]
Britishauthoritiesorderedthe expulsionof three
Syrian diplomats after Syria rejected a British
request that their diplomatic immunity be waived
so that they could be questioned about the El Al
bombing attempt. [5/11 WP]
May 11: Syrian authorities ordered the expulsion of
three British diplomats in retaliation for the British
move. [5/12 AN]
Peres told the Cabinet Israel would do every-
thing in its power to prevent a war with Syria but
that an end must be put to Syria's involvement in
international terrorism. [5/12 FBIS]
May 12: Ten Syrians captured in southern Lebanon
in Dec. 1985 were convicted by an Israeli court of
belonging to Ahmad Jibril's Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)-General Command,
and were sentenced to six years in prison. [5/13
FBIS]
May 13: Two Israeli children and an adult were
slightly injured when two Katyusha rockets fired
from Lebanon landed in Upper Galilee. Israeli and
Southern Lebanon Army (SLA) soldiers carried
out searches in the security zone after the attack,
and reportedly killed a shepherd. [5/15 JP]
The Jerusalem Post reported that the State
Comptroller's annual report showed that the Inte-
rior Ministry had been effectively funding the po-
litical activities of West Bank settlers through the
general purpose funds it provides to the Kiryat
Arba local council. The report said thousands of
government dollars had been spent to fund demon-
strations, legal protection for settlers, and spying
on West Bank Arabs and their Israeli sympathiz-
ers. [5/13 JP]
May 14: Israeli troops shot and wounded at least
two Palestinians in Nablus during a protest against
Israeli settlements on Israel's 38th Independence
Day. [5/15 CSMI
At a news conference, US Secretary of State
George Shultz said a Syrian military buildup had
created a "highly tense situation" and that the US
had cautioned both Syria and Israel against going
to war. [5/15 JP]
In Nablus, Jewish settlers and Israeli authorities
opened fire on a crowd of Palestinians demonstrat-
ing violently against the Gush Emunim settler
movement, and at least two Al-Najah University
students were wounded. [5/15 JP]
May 18: British police sources said they believed
"a Middle East group" was behind a reported plot
to blow up a passenger ferry in the English Chan-
nel. [5/19 NYT]
The New York Times reported that Israeli, Arab,
and Western military experts believed changes in
the Syrian-Israeli military balance could ignite an
armed conflict. [5/19 NYT]
May 19: Talks between Egyptian, Israeli, and US
delegations on the Taba issue resumed in Jerusa-
lem. The talks were to center on the formulation of
the question to be posed to the arbitrators on Taba.
[5/18 JP]
May 20: A military court in Nablus indicted six
Palestinians in the abduction and murder of an
Israeli soldier in Nov. 1984. [5/12 NYT]
Israeli Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Moshe Levi
warned that Syrian forces in Lebanon were con-
stantly preparing for war with Israel, and that the
Israeli Army "must supply an answer." [5/21
FBIS]
A 54-year-old Palestinian woman was sentenced
by the Ramallah military court to 18 months in
prison for terrorist acts in 1985.
Five Druze from Majdal Shams were each sen-
tenced to 27 years in prison and four were given
lighter terms for stealing weapons, attempting to
kidnap an Israeli soldier, and having contacts with
Syrian agents. [5/21 FBIS]
May 21: Jerusalem radio reported that the Egyptian
delegation to the Taba talks had shown an "inflex-
ible and uncompromising position" regarding the
formulation of the question to be presented to the
arbiter. [5/21 FBIS]
Israeli reports said two Shi'i guerrillas died and
an Israeli soldier was wounded in a clash north of
the Israeli security zone following an Israeli
"search for the perpetrators of last week's rocket
attack" on northern Israel, which injured three
people. [5/22 WP]
Israeli Minister-Without-Portfolio Ezer Weiz-
man asked US Secretary of State Shultz to make a
trip to the Middle East to help ease Egyptian-
Israeli tensions and revive peace efforts. Shultz
was reportedly noncommittal. [5/22 NYT]
May 23: British officials announced they had sus-
pended the issuance of visas at the British Em-
bassy in Damascus. [5/24 AN]
May 25: In Israel for an official visit, British Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher told Peres Israel
should begin the devolution process in the occu-
pied territories and hold municipal elections there.
[5/26 JP]
Beirut radio reported that Israeli artillery shelled
Yatir, Lebanon, near Bint Jubayl, killing one per-
son and wounding four others. [5/27 FBIS]
Three bombs exploded in Tel Aviv, injuring one
person slightly. The PLO claimed responsibility.
[5/27 FBIS]
May 27: Bethlehem Mayor Ilyas Frayj said eight
Palestinians who met with British Prime Minister
Thatcher May 26 in East Jerusalem had reaffirmed
that the PLO is the sole legitimate representative of
the Palestinian people. [5/28 FBIS]
May 28: Dubai's AI-Bayan reported that Arafat had
agreed to demands by the Fath Central Committee
to abolish the Jordanian-Palestinian agreement
"soon." [5/29 FBIS]
May 29: Israeli troops blew up the homes in Dayr
Balut of two Palestinians suspected of killing an
Israeli soldier in 1985. [5/31 AN]
May 31: Mubarak rejected a proposal by former
Gaza mayor Rashad al-Shawwa that Egypt super-
vise a plan to bring self-rule to the Gaza Strip
689
 before the status of the West Bank is settled. [6/1
JPI
June2: A groupof 100Palestiniansand Israelismet
in the villageof Dura, West Bank, to discuss ways
of breakingthe deadlockin the peace process. [6/3
FBIS]
June 5: Three Israelis were wounded by a super-
marketbomb in Jerusalemand a shootingattackin
Nablus. The elite PLO commandgroup Force 17
claimedresponsibilityfor the bombattack. [6/6JP]
The Jerusalemdistrictcourtsentenceda member
of the anti-ArabJewishundergroundto one year in
prison. [6/6 FBIS]
June 6: Israeli authorities imposed a curfew on
Hebronafter an Israeliwas stabbedin the market
there. [6/7 AN]
Police foughtbacka crowdof "ultra-nationalist"
Jews who attemptedto enter Jerusalem'sHaram
al-SharifduringMuslimprayerson the last day of
the holy monthof Ramadan.[6/8 JP]
June 9: Democratic Front for the Liberationof
Palestine (DFLP) Central Committee member
KhalidNazzal was assassinatedin Athens, accord-
ing to RadioMonteCarlo,which also reportedthat
the DFLP held Israeli agents responsible.Athens
radio reportssaid the victim was Algerianand did
not link him to the DFLP. [6/10 FBIS]
The New YorkTimes said Nazzal was a "top-
ranking"PLO member.[6/11NYT]
June 10: Israelisecurityofficialsreportedthe arrest
of two ""terroristsquads"responsiblefor 29 acts of
violence in northern Israel and the West Bank.
[6/1l JP]
June 11: Beirut radio blamed Israel for artillery
shelling and a bomb explosion which killed eight
people in villages near Israel's securityzone. [6/11
FBIS]
June 12: Jerusalemradio reportedthat five Leba-
nese Shia capturedby Israel in Februaryduringa
search for two missing Israeli soldiers had been
handed over to the InternationalRed Cross. Six
other Shia accused of belonging to the militant
pro-IraniangroupHizballahwere reportedlystill in
Israelijails. [6/13 FBIS]
A group of unauthorizedJewish settlers report-
edly took over an "empty structure"overlooking
Nablus, but the building'slocation was reportedly
unknownto IsraeliArmy officials. [6/15JP]
June 13: The WashingtonPost reported that the
US hadbeen secretly mediatingbetweenIsraeland
Syria in an effort to defuse tensions, mainly
through its Damascus and Tel Aviv embassies.
[6/13 FBIS]
June 16: In Washington,DC, the offices of United
Palestine Appeal were destroyed by a fire police
said was set by arson. [6/19AN]
A caller claimingto representthe PLO's Force
17commandogroupclaimedthe groupwas respon-
sible for the crashof an IsraeliArmyvehicle in the
JordanValley earlierin the month in which three
690
soldiersdied. Jerusalemradiosaid the crashwas an
accident. [6/17 FBIS]
June 18: In Genoa, Italy, the trial opened of 15
people accused of the Oct. 1985 hijackingof the
cruise ship Achille Lauro. Nine of the defendants,
includingalleged mastermindMuhammadAbbas,
were being tried in absentia. [6/18NYT]
Two unidentifiedmen stabbedan Israeli police-
man near the coastal resort of Natania. [6/19AN]
June 19: A Palestiniansuspected of collaborating
with Israelwas shot deadin the West Banktown of
Tulkarm.[6/20AN]
June 20: Israeli authoritiesbanned the East Jeru-
salemArabpaperAl-Fajrfromsale in the occupied
territoriesfor three days for contraveningcensor-
ship. [6/21 AN]
June 26: One of the Palestinianson trial in Genoa
for the AchilleLaurohijackingattemptedsuicidein
his jail cell. [6/27AN]
A suitcase bomb at the El Al Airlines check-in
counterin Madridwounded 12 people. [6/27NYT]
June 27: Spanish police said they were holding a
Spaniardand a Palestinianconnectedwith the Abu
Musa guerrillagroup in connection with the suit-
case bomb. [6/28]
US-Soviet talks on the Middle East ended in
Stokholmafter a "frankreview" of the situation.
[6/28AN]
June28: PalestinianNasir al-Aliadmittedto plant-
ing the Madridsuitcase bomb, accordingto Span-
ish police. [6/29NYT]
June30: An Israelisoldierwas woundedin a search
operationin the securityzone in southernLebanon
following a Katyusha rocket attack on northern
Galilee. [7/1 JP]
Nine people were injuredin grenadeattacks on
two Israelipublictransportbuses. [7/1 AN]
July 6: Followingtwo roundsof talks in Cairowith
Egyptian officials, special US envoy Abraham
Sofaersaid progresshad been madein the effortto
reachagreementon the Tabaissue. He was sched-
uled to returnto Israel the same day. [7/7 AN]
The East JerusalemnewspapersAl-Mithaqand
Al-Aradwere bannedby Israeliauthoritieson the
groundsthey supportedthe PopularFront for the
Liberationof Palestine. [7/7 AN]
July 9: The New York Times reported that the
competitionbetween Arafat and Hussein for the
allegianceof West Bank Palestinianshad intensi-
fied in recent weeks. [7/9 NYT]
July 10: A Genoa court convicted 11 men in the
hijackingof the AchilleLauro.PalestineLiberation
FrontleaderMuhammadAbbasand two top aides,
all tried in absentia, were sentenced to life in
prison. Three of the four defendantspresent were
given sentences of from 15 to 30 years. The fourth
defendantwill be tried in a juvenile court. Four
other defendantstried in absentiawere found not
guilty because of insufficientevidence. [7/11 WP]
Israeliwarplanesattackedsuspected Palestinian
bases in the Ayn Hilwa refugee camp near Sidon,
Lebanon. Two persons were reportedkilled. The
strikefollowed the killingof two Israelisoldiersby
four Arab guerrillaswho attemptedto land by sea
in Israel, allegedly to carry out a majorterrorist
attack.All fourArabgunmendied in the clash. The
PFLP said three of the dead were its membersand
the other was a member of the Syrian Socialist
Nationalparty. [7/11 WP]
July 12: In a press conference,Husseinsaid he had
no new peace initiativesfollowingthe failureof his
joint effort with the PLO. He praised a recent
Soviet proposal, rejected by the US and Britain,
for a meetingof the permanentmembersof the UN
SecurityCouncilon the MiddleEast. [7/13WP]
July 14: British authorities directly implicated
Syria in the attempt to bomb an El Al jetliner in
London three monthsbefore. [7/15WP]
Israeli planes attacked positions of the
pro-Syrian Palestine National Salvation Front
(PNSF) at Aynab, 15 miles from Beirut. Two
Lebanese and two Palestinianfightersreportedly
died in the raid,which came afterForce 17claimed
responsibilityfor a bombin Tel Aviv thatwounded
an Israeli womanJuly 13. [7/15 NYT]
July 15:Officialsof the SimonWiesenthalCenterin
California said they had "incontrovertibleevi-
dence" that Syrian Defense Minister Mustafa
Talas was the authorof a book circulatingin the
Middle East which accuses Jews of ritual human
sacrifice.Secretaryof State George Shultz said he
had instructed the US Embassy in Damascus to
look into the matter.[7/16 NYT]
Petroleum Affairs
(See also, Iraq, Libya)
1986
April 16:OPECministersmeetingin Genevafailed
to agree on oil productioncontrols as oil prices
continuedto decline. North Sea oil fell to $11.30a
barrel,and US crude fell to $12.05 a barrel. [4/17
WPI
April21: The press release markingthe end of the
week-long OPEC conference said ten member
countrieshad agreedon productionceilingsof 16.3
and 17.3 million barrels a day for the third and
fourth quartersof 1986. Algeria, Iran, and Libya
were reportedlyopposed. [4/22FBIS]
May 23: A five-man special OPEC panel began
meetings in Taif, Saudi Arabia,to review cooper-
ation with non-memberoil producersto stabilize
the oil market.[5/24 AN]
May 24: The Egyptian Press Agency MENA re-
portedthat Egyptianoil exports would be slashed
by six milliontons in FY 1986/1987.[5/27 FBIS]
June 2: MEESreportedthat at the May 23-25 Taif
meetings, six members of OPEC-Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, UAE, Nigeria, Indonesia, and Venezu-
ela-had agreedon a targetprice of 17to 19dollars
a barrelto stabilizethe market.[6/2 MEES]
June 16: The Petroleum Intelligence Weeklyre-
portedthat OPECoil outputwas headingtowarda
21/2-year highof 19 millionbarrelsa day as several
cartelmembers-Iran, Iraq,SaudiArabia,Kuwait,
and Libya-raised their productionabove agreed
limits. [6/17CSM]
June 20: OPEC President Arturo Hemandez
Grisanti said Norway had agreed to work with
OPECto help stabilizeoil output. [6/21WP]
June 24: OPEC oil ministersgathered in Brioni,
Yugoslaviafor theirregularbiannualmeeting.[6/25
AN]
June 25: Nigerian Oil Minister Rilwanu Lukman
became OPEC'snew president.[6/26CSM]
June 28: Most of OPEC's membersagreed to cut
oil productionto push prices up to at least $17 a
barrel, but Iran, Libya, and Algeria dissented,
blockinga finalaccord. [6/30CSM]
July 8: Oil prices fell below $10 a barrelon Euro-
pean markets.[7/9 AN]
Regional Affairs
General
(See also, Lebanon,Qatar)
1986
April 22: Two PLO memberswere wounded in a
shootout at the PLO office in Amman,reportedly
between supportersof AtallahMuhammadAtallah
(Abu Al-Zaim)and Yasir Arafat. [4/23 FBIS]
April24: The PalestinianSupremeMilitaryCoun-
cil, meeting in Baghdad, expelled Atallah and
stripped him of "all military and revolutionary
ranks and posts" in the Palestinian Liberation
Army. [4/24FBIS]
Atallah comdemned the decision as unautho-
rized, sayingonly a FathGeneralConferencecould
dismiss him. He vowed to continue to pursue
"democraticmethods" to oppose Arafat and his
policies. [4/25FBIS]
April 29: The Arab foreign ministers' meeting
began in Fez, Morocco. On the ministers'agenda
was discussion of the agenda of the emergency
Arabsummitproposedby Morocco'sKing Hassan
II following the US raid on Libya and originally
scheduledto beginMay 3 in Morocco. [4/30FBIS]
May 1: AlgerianengineerAbd al-QadirBairi was
nominateddirectorgeneralof Arabsat.[5/1 FBIS]
JANA announcedthat Syrian, Algerian,Saudi,
Kuwaiti,and UAE leaders had agreedto hold the
proposedemergencysummitin Libya ratherthan
Morocco. [5/1 FBIS]
691
 Arab foreign ministersmeeting in Fez failed to
agree on a date or place for the proposedsummit.
[5/2 AN]
May 27: Fakhri Shaqqurawas appointedhead of
PLO militaryintelligence,replacingdissidentAtal-
lah Atallah(Abu al-Zaim).[5/27 FBIS]
May 30: In an interview,Arafatsaid he supported
Algerianattemptsto convene a Palestinianrecon-
ciliationconference, but said the "strugglefront"
opposed the Algerianinitiative. [6/2 FBIS]
July 5: Dissident PLO leader AtallahAtallah said
Arafathad madeoverturesfor a reconciliation.[7/6
AN]
Iran-IraqWar
(See also, Syria)
1986
April 17: Tehranradio said Iranianplanes bombed
Iraqi positions in the Sharhani area, inflicting
heavy casualties, and Iraqiradio said Iraqitroops
repulsed two Iranian counterattacksin the east
Maysansector. [4/18 FBIS]
The Panamanian-registered Leegas was hit by
rockets in the Gulf. [4/21AN]
April 20: Tehran radio said over 1500 Iraqis had
been killed in fightingon the al-Faw/UmmQasr
axis on April 19 and 20, but Iraqi reports denied
any majorbattlehad taken place. An Iraqimilitary
spokesmansaid Iraqiplanes hit a "large maritime
target" off the Iraniancoast. [6/21FBIS]
A crew member died and three others were
injuredwhen a Turkish tanker, the Atlas I, was
attackedin the Gulf. [4/21 AN]
April 22: Seventeen people, includingretired Is-
raeliGen. AbrahamBar-Amandtwo otherIsraelis,
were indicted in New York on federal charges of
conspiring to sell Iran more than $2 billion in
Americanweapons. [4/23WP]
Israelispokesmendenied any officialIsraelilink
with the alleged arms smugglingring. [4/23FBIS]
April22: Iranianofficialssaid they had intercepted
and searched 17 ships in the Straitof Hormuzthe
day before, but that none had been carryinggoods
for Iraq. [4/23 WP]
April 23: The FilipinoDiego Silang was hit in the
Gulf. At least one crew memberdied. [4/24AN]
Iraqiradio said that Iraqiforces had launcheda
"large-scaleoffensive" in the northernmountains
on the Iranianborder and had inflicted "massive
losses."
The Iraniannews agency (IRNA) said five Ira-
nian civilians were injuredin an Iraqi air raid in
WesternAzarbayjanProvince. [4/24 FBIS]
Iraniansources denied Iranhad triedto buy US
arms. [4/24 NYT]
April 25: The New YorkTimesreportedthat Bar-
Am had been issued a cover letter by the Israeli
government empoweringhim to hold talks with
foreignerson arms sales. Israeli officialssaid the
692
letter was one issued to scores of arms merchants
and did not grant the right to negotiate weapons
sales. [4/26NYT]
April 26: Iraniannaval spokesmen said they had
brieflystoppedan Americanmerchantvessel in the
Persian Gulf to check for cargo bound for Iraq.
[4/27NYT]
Iraqi radio announcedthat Iraqi forces had re-
capturedpart of the southern Majnunoil fields,
killing 1950Iranians.
Iraniansources said the Iraqi attack had been
"futile"andthata largenumberof Iraqishad died.
[4/28FBIS]
April27: Iraqisources said Iraqiplanes set fire to
Iran's Kharg Island oil export terminaland hit a
vessel in the PersianGulf. Reportedly,the Iranian
oil tankerMinabwas hit. [4/28NYT]
Iraqi radio reportedthat Iraqi troops defeated
three Iranianattackson the Al-Faw front and had
achieved successes in the northern mountains
April25-27. [4/28FBIS]
April 28: Iranianreports said Iraniantroops had
carried out a "blitz offensive" on the Al-Faw
peninsulaand had "established" positions there,
causingover 4000 Iraqicasualties. IRNA said that
an Iraqiattackon the southernMajnunIslandsarea
had been repulsed,and that an Iraniancounterof-
fensive had caused "hundreds"of Iraqicasualties.
Iraqi radio reportedthat Iraqi forces repulsed an
Iranianattackin the Al-Basrasector. [4/29 FBIS]
April 30: Iraqi sources said Iraqi troops had ad-
vanced seven miles into Iran across from the
southernbordertown of Faqqah.[5/1 WP]
Iraqi radio reported that Iraqi planes attacked
Iran'sAhvaz, Marun,Agha Jari, and Bibi Hakima
oil fields, andthatits navalforces hadattackedtwo
maritime targets off the Iranian coast April 29
"scoringdirect hits." [5/1 FBIS]
May 1: The Iraniannews agency (IRNA) reported
that the IranianAir Force carriedout two bombing
raidson Iraqipositionsin the south centralsector,
causing heavy losses in personnel and materiel.
[5/1 FBIS]
Foreign MinisterTariq Aziz denied reports at-
tributedto UN secretarygeneral Javier Perez de
Cuellar that Iraq and Iran had agreed to begin
direct negotiationsto end the war. [5/2 FBIS]
IRNA reported further Iranian air strikes on
Iraqipositions in the Faqqahregion. Iraqireports
said Iraqiplanes raidedIranianoil installationsat
Ahvaz and that Iraqi troops had "completely de-
stroyed" an Iranianoffensive west of Al-Mamlaha
April28-29. [5/2 FBIS]
An "unidentifiedaircraft" believed to be Ira-
nian, reportedlyfired missiles at the Saudi tanker
Safaniyya,killingthe captainand two sailors. [5/2
FBIS]
May5: Iraqiradiosaid IraqiplanesattackedKharg
Islandand hit a largemaritimetargetoff the Iranian
coast. [5/6 FBIS]
May 6: Iraqi radio reportedthat Iraqinaval units
had damageda "very largemaritimetarget"off the
Iranian coast. The French press agency (AFP)
reported that two tankers, the Cypriot Superior
and the LiberianMobility,had been set on fire by
Iraqiair attacks.
The Gulf Daily News reportedthat the biggest
floatingcrane in the Gulf was badly damagedin a
recentmissileattackwhileundertow to al-Shariqa,
but the paperdid not say who was responsible.[5/6
FBIS]
Iraqiradioreportedthat Iraqiplanesraidedfour
Iranianmilitarycamps, causing "massive" losses,
and a "very large maritimetarget"off the Iranian
coast. IRNA said "civilian areas in Marivanhad
been bombed, causing 15 casualties." [5/7 FBIS]
May7: Rockets reportedlyhit the Al-NisrAl-Arabi
supertankeroff the coast of the UAE. [5/9 AN]
IRNA reportedthat Iraqiplanes raidedTehran.
[5/7 FBIS]
May 8: The Iraqinews agency (INA) reportedthat
Iraqi warplaneshit a "large maritimetarget" off
the Iraniancoast. [5/8 FBIS]
The MalteseHarmonywas hit by an Iraqimissile
south of KhargIsland. [5/9 AN]
May 9: INA said Iranianreports that two Iraqi
airplaneshad been shot down the day before over
the Al-Faw area were "sheer lies." [5/9 FBIS]
Iraqi reports said Iraqi forces captured a 38-
square-milearea of Iranin an attackon the south-
ern centralfront. Iranianreportssaid hundredsof
Iraqisoldiers had died in the same area.
Two persons died when the Liberian-registered
AristotleS. Onassis was hit by an Iranianmissile.
[5/10WP]
May 11: Iraqireportssaid Iraqiplanesbombedthe
Iranian oil pumping installations of Marun and
Agha Jari near Ahvaz, and that Iraqi forces had
retaken five strategic mountainsin the northern
border region. Iranianreports said Iraqi attacks
had been preemptedand that many Iraqi soldiers
had died. [5/12 FBIS]
Ali Sham'khaniwas appointed commanderof
the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps Ground
Forces. [5/12 FBIS]
May 12: INA announcedfresh raidsagainstKharg
Island and a "large maritimetarget" in the Gulf.
[5/12]
IranianNavy CommanderMuhammadHussein
Malikzadigansaid that if US and Frenchwarships
continued to interfere in daily checking of Gulf
shipping for goods bound for Iraq, Iran would
"resolutelyenter action." [5/13AN]
May 13:Jordan'sKingHusseinarrivedin Baghdad
at the startof a new effort, with Syria, to promote
a settlementof the Iran-Iraqwar. Syrian Foreign
MinisterFaruqal-Sharawas in Tehranon a similar
mission. [5/14 AN]
May 14: Iraqiradio reportedthat Iraqiforces had
recaptured several importantpeaks overlooking
the Haj UmranValley, and had killed, wounded
and taken prisonerhundredsof Iranians. Iranian
reportssaid the attackhad been repelled. [5/15]
IRNA announced that Iranian forces had
"crushed" an Iraqi attack in the northern Hajj
Umranarea, killing200 Iraqisand shooting down
seven Iraqihelicopters.The agency also reported
that Iranian planes had attacked Iraqi armored
vehicles in the Faqqahsector. An Iranianspokes-
mandeniedIraqiclaimsto have downedan Iranian
F-4 in the East Maysansector the day before. [5/14
FBIS]
Iraniantelevision reportedthat 31 people died
when Iraqi planes bombed an Iranianpassenger
train at a station near the border, following an
Iranian attack on Iraqi oil installations near
Kirkuk.[5/15AN]
May 15: The US Defense Departmentannounced
thata US Navy warshiphadinterceptedan Iranian
frigatein the Gulfof Omanearlierin the week and
persuadedit to cease efforts to interruptthe pas-
sage of a US cargo ship boundfor the UAE. [5/15
WP]
Tehran radio said over 1000 Iraqis had been
killed or wounded in heavy fightingin the Ha.i
Umranarea. Iraqi radio claimedthat two Iranian
infantrycompanieshad been wiped out duringan
Iranian counterattackagainst positions recently
capturedby Iraqin the same area. [5/16 FBIS]
May 15: Two Israelis were arrestedin New York
on chargesof conspiringto sell US-made missiles
to Iranor Iraq.The IsraeliDefense Ministrydenied
any connectionwith the men. [5/10WP]
May 16: IRNA reportedthat an Iranianartillery
bombardmentof the Basra-Abual-Khasifmilitary
road, in retaliationfor Iraq's air attack on a pas-
senger train May 14, had destroyed many Iraqi
vehicles and killed 200 Iraqis. Baghdadradio re-
ported that the Iraqi Air Force had hit a "large
maritimetarget"off the Iraniancoast. [5/16FBIS]
May 17: Baghdad radio said Iraq captured the
Iraniantown of Mehranand four other towns and
villagesin the centralsector, inflictingheavy casu-
alties. IRNA announcedan Iraqi "retreat" from
the areabut admittedMehranhadbeen taken. [5/19
FBIS]
May 20: IRNA reportedthat Iran repelled three
Iraqicounterattacksin the MehranareaMay 18-19
and recapturedthree Iranian towns. Iraqi radio
said Iraqhad "widened"the areaunderits control.
INA also denied that the trainbombedMay 14 by
Iraqiplanes was carryingcivilianpassengers,say-
ing it held soldiersand war materiel.[5/20FBIS]
May 21: Iranianreports claimed 300 Iraqis were
killedduringIraniancounterattacksin the Mehran
sector May 19 and 20, and that two Iraqihelicop-
ters were shot down May 20-21. Iraqi radio
claimed most of an Iranianforce in the area was
"wiped out."
In the Hai Umranarea, Tehran radio claimed
IranianvictoriesMay 18-19, while Iraqiradiosaid
the Iranianshad suffered"massive losses."
693
 IRNA also claimed Iranian successes in the
Faqqahand al-Faw areas. [5/21 FBIS]
Tehranradio claimedIranianforces forced Iraq
to withdrawfrom "hundreds"of squarekilometers
of territoriesin the Faqqahsector, duringa "vio-
lent" clash in whichover 1500Iraqiswere killedor
wounded. [5/22 FBIS]
May 22: INA quoted Iraqimilitarysources which
said no battle had occurred in the Faqqah area
recently, and that the Iranian allegations were
"cheap lies." [5/23 FBIS]
May 25: An Iraqimissile hit a largeCypriotsuper-
tanker,the W. Enterprise,loaded with Iranianoil,
in the PersianGulf. [5/26 NYT]
May 26: Tehranradio reportedthat Iranianforces
had shot downan Iraqiwarplaneover Sharhaniand
damagedan Iraqi warshipin the KhawrAbdallah
waterwaybetween Iraqand Kuwait. [5/27NYT]
Iraqi radio reported that Iraqi planes raided
KhargIslandMay25 andhit a largemaritimetarget
the previousnight. AFP reportedthat an oil-laden
Cypriottankerhad been hit. [5/27 FBIS]
May 27: Iranianplanes attacked a Germancon-
tainer vessel in the southernGulf. INA reported
that Iraqifightersraideda "largemaritimetarget"
off the Iraniancoast. [5/28 FBIS]
IRNA reportedthat Iranianforces "smashed"
an Iraqi offensive in the Hajj Umran area. Iraqi
radio reportedthat Iraniantroops sufferedheavy
casualties during an unsuccessful attack in the
same sector. [5/28 FBIS]
May 28: Five men, includingretired Israeli Brig.
Gen. AvrahamBar-Amandtwo otherIsraeliswere
deportedfrom Bermudato face chargesin the US
of plottingto sell arms to Iran. [5/29WP]
May29: The five men were arraignedin a Manhat-
tan court on chargesthey plannedto smuggle$2.5
billionin arms to Iran. [5/30 WP]
May 30: INA reportedthat Iraqi planes raided a
"largemaritimetarget"off the Iraniancoast. [5/30
FBIS]
June 1: Iraqi radio reportedIraqi attacks on two
large maritimetargetsoff the Iraniancoast May 30
and 31. Lloyd's of London said a Liberiantanker,
the HillspointEnterprisehad been hit May 31. [6/2
FBIS]
June 2: IRNA reported that Iraqi planes had
bombed residentialareas in Piranshahrand West
Azarbayjan Province, killing 11 civilians. Iraqi
sources denied the charge. [6/3 FBIS]
June5: IRNA said IranianwarplanesbombedIraqi
positions on the al-Faw-Umm Qasr road and a
commandcenter in the Basra-Baharroad. [6/6WP]
June 7: A Liberian-registeredtanker, the Energy
Mobility,was hit by missilesin the Gulf. [6/9FBIS]
June8: Iraqireportssaid Iraqinavalunitsattacked
a "very large naval target"near the Iraniancoast.
IranianNavy CommanderMalakDazajanreiter-
ated threats to block the Strait of Hormuzif Iraq
damaged Iranian oil exporting capabilities. [6/9
AN]
694
IRNA announcedthatIran'stelephoneand telex
links with foreigncountrieswere cut afteran Iraqi
airraidin a communicationscenternearHamadan.
INA reportedan Iraqiattackon a largemaritime
targetin the Gulf. [6/9 FBIS]
June 10: Lloyd's said the Liberian Medosa had
been hit by a missile believed to be Iraqi near
KhargIsland. [6/12FBIS]
Iraqiradioreportedthatone of two IranianF-5's
attemptingto violate Iraqi airspace in the al-Faw
areahadbeen shot down, and that Iraqinavalunits
hit a "largemaritimetarget"off the Iraniancoast.
Tehran radio said Iran had repulsed an Iraqi
attackin the Mehranarea June 9, and that Iranian
bombersraidedIraqi positions in the al-Faw sec-
tor. [6/10FBIS]
June25: IraqiwarplanesraidedKhargIsland.[6/26
AN]
June27: Iranand Iraqreportedair attackson each
other's oil installations.An Iraqimilitarycommu-
niquealso said Iraqitroopshaddefeatedan Iranian
assault in the centralsector. [6/28AN]
June 28: Iranian aircraft reportedly hit two oil
tankers, the Cypriot Superior and the Liberian
Koriana,anchoredoff Dubai in waters previously
consideredsafe. [6/29NYT]
Iraqiofficialsaccused Iranof hittingoil installa-
tions at Kirkukwith long-rangemissilesand vowed
to retaliateagainstIraniancities.
Tehranradio said Iraqi warplanesbombed two
villages, killing five civilians and wounding 28.
[6/30AN]
July 2: Iraniantroops reportedlyretook Mehranin
two days of heavy fighting.[7/3 NYT]
July 3: Iranianoverseas telecommunicationlinks
were disruptedafter an Iraqiair raid on a satellite
groundstationin Assadabadthe day before.
Iranianreports said Iraniantroops carryingout
an offensive in the central sector had killed 200
Iraqisoldiers, bringingtotal Iraqicasualties in the
five-day-oldoffensive to 3700. [7/4 AN]
July 6: Iraniansources said Iraqitroops had been
dislodgedfrom all strategicheights in the Mehran
region, but Iraqi sources said only the city itself
was in Iranianhands and that the fight for it had
caused "unprecedented"Iranian casualties. [7/7
AN]
July 8: Tehranradio said its forces had advanced
into easternIraq, killing2000 Iraqis. INA said the
attackhad been repulsed.[7/9 NYT]
July 12:An Exocet missilelaunchedby Iraqset the
Maltese tankerLady Rose ablaze south of Kharg
Island. [7/14WP]
July 14:Iraqiradiosaid Iraqijets attackeda tanker
and an Iraniantugboatin the Gulf in an effort to
tighten a blockade of Kharg Island. The Cypriot
Achilles was reportedlyhit. Iraniansources said
Iraniannaval forces destroyed Iraqi communica-
tions centers at the port of Umayy, used to guide
Exocet missiles aimedat tankers. [7/14 WP]
WesternSahara
1986
April 29: Algiers radio reported that Polisario
troopshad killed 14 Moroccansand wounded16 in
an April 24 attack. I4/30FBIS]
May 7: UN officials said UN Secretary General
JavierPerez de Cuellarhad sumittednew ideas to
representativesof Moroccoandthe PolisarioFront
as UN-sponsoredindirecttalks resumed.[5/8 AN]
May 24: Polisario sources said they had killed 18
Moroccan troops in two attacks on the Saharan
sand wall. [5/26 AN]
June 1: Algiersradioreportedthatthe Polisariohad
killed 47 Moroccan soldiers in an attack in the
regionof Guelta Zemmur.[6/3 FBIS]
June5: FBIS quotedAlgerianreportsthatPolisario
troops had killed at least 46 Moroccansoldiers in
recent attacks. [615FBIS]
June 15: Algiers radio reported that Polisario
troops attacked Moroccan forces northeast of
Umm Drayga on June 7, killing 25 Moroccan
soldiers. [6/16 FBIS]
June25: The DominicanRepublicextendedofficial
recognitionto the SaharanArab DemocraticRe-
public. [6/26 AN]
Afghanistan
(See also, Pakistan)
1986
April 18: The Afghan government lodged a
"strong" protest with Pakistan over alleged air
raids April 14 and 16 in QandaharProvince in
which four Afghansreportedlydied. Karachiradio
said the charges were "baseless." [4/21FBIS]
April 22: The Washington Post reported that the
main guerrillabase in Paktia Province was being
threatened by a Soviet-Afghanoffensive against
mainrebel supplylines and that the rebels were in
a "desperate" and "demoralized"condition.The
Post also cited reportsthat strategicallyimportant
rebel positionsat Zhawar,nearPakistan,had been
captured.[4/22 WP]
April 24: Rebel leaders said Soviet and Afghan
warplaneswere killing and maiminghundredsof
guerrillas in nonstop raids on their positions in
southeasternAfghanistan.[4/25NYT]
April 25: Rebel commanderssaid their forces had
retakensome positionsin PaktiaProvincecaptured
by Soviet and governmenttroops and that they
were using prisoners to clear minefields. [4/26
NYT]
April28: The New YorkTimesreportedthat Pres-
ident BabrakKarmalhad not been seen in public
since he left for a privatevisit to the Soviet Union
March 30, and that there was much speculation
concerninghis whereabouts.[4/28NYT]
April 30: Rebel leaders said Soviet and Afghan
forces who had been besiegingKandaharfor three
weeks were bulldozing houses and orchards
aroundthe city in order to create a security belt.
The rebels reportedlyhad shot down at least 12
Soviet helicoptersand planesduringthe siege. [5/1
AN]
Bakhtarreportedthat 200 membersand "ring-
leaders"of the "Jamiyatband"hadsurrenderedto
authoritiesin Faryab Province. Kabul radio said
three persons died and 17 were woundedin rebel
mortarattackson Aybak City, in SamanganProv-
ince. [5/1 FBIS]
May 1: Pres. Babrak Karmal returnedfrom the
Soviet Union, where he had gone for medical
treatmentMarch30. [5/2 WP]
May 4: Babrak Karmal resigned as secretary-
generalof the rulingCommunistparty because of
"ill health," accordingto Afghan radio. He was
replacedby Najibullah,formerhead of Khad, the
secret police. Babrakretainedthe post of chairman
of the RevolutionaryCouncil and a seat on the
seven-memberPolitburo.[5/4 WP]
May5: Kabulradioclaimedthat 30 rebelsfromthe
GulbuddinHikmatyargrouphad been killedand40
otherscapturedin recentoperationsin BalkhProv-
ince. [5/6 FBIS]
The seventh round of peace talks between the
foreign ministers of Afghanistan and Pakistan
opened at UN headquartersin Geneva. [5/6 NYT]
May 7: Kabul radio reportedthat JamiyatEslami
"ringleader"Abdul Satar had been captured in
JowzjanProvince. [5/8 FBIS]
May8: The Afghangovernmentstronglyprotested
Iranian"assistance"in an April29 rebel attackon
Qazi Deh village in which 12 Afghansdied, saying
that IranianRevolutionaryGuards "guided" the
rebelswith communicationsequipment.[519FBIS]
May 9: Afghan sources said that Najibullah'sap-
pearance at official functions with Babrak and
Prime MinisterSultan Ali Kishtmandcould indi-
cate he was establishing a three-man "troika"
leadershipbased on Soviet traditionalpracticefol-
lowingthe replacementof a powerfulleader. [5/10
AN]
May 11: Western diplomatsin Pakistansaid that
recentlya numberof protestsin supportof Babrak,
mostly by students, had been brokenup in Kabul
by secret police. [5/12AN]
Kabulradio reportedthat 1800membersof the
Harakat-eEnqelab-eEslamihad"joined"the state
in FaryabProvince. Defections from rebel groups
were also reportedin BagramDistrict and Farah
Province. [5/12FBIS]
May 12: Bakhtar reported that authorities had
captured "42 bandits belonging to the Eslami
band" in BalkhProvince. [5/13 FBIS]
May 15: Najibullahannounceda collective leader-
ship includinghimself as party leader, Babrakas
695
 head of the RevolutionaryCouncil Presidiumand
Prime Minister Sultan Ali Kishtmand,who will
deal with the ministries, administrationand eco-
nomic policies. [5/16NYT]
Pakistanipress reportssaid AfghanArmy shell-
ing the week before of severaltowns in Parachinar
Province, Pakistan, inhabited mostly by Afghan
refugees, had caused a mass exodus of the local
populationandhadkilledover 14people. [5/16AN]
May 18: In Geneva, UN official Diego Cordovez
said PakistanandAfghanistanhadagreedto extend
their talks to a third week, and that "an under-
standing" had been reached on two "major" is-
sues. [5/19 FBIS]
May 19: Bakhtar reported that authorities had
killed 278 "counterrevolutionaries"and captured
76 others in BadakhstanProvince. [5/21 FBIS]
The seventh round of UN-sponsored indirect
talks on Afghanistanbetween Pakistan and the
Kabul regimeresumedin Geneva. [5/21 FBIS]
May20: Najibullahcalledfor "urgentsteps" to end
the Afghan war and repeated the government's
invitation to Afghan refugees to return to "an
honorablelife." [5/21 WP]
May 23: The Geneva talks were suspended until
July 30, reportedlybogged down over a timetable
for Soviet withdrawal.[5/24AN]
May 27: AFP quotedrebel sources claimingrebels
had shot down a Soviet transport plane near
Shindandair base, killing158troopson board.[6/9
FBIS]
May 28: Najibullahannounced that a bicameral
parliamentwould be established "within a few
months," on the basis of "free and democratic
elections." [5/30 FBIS]
June 3: AFP cited reportsthat the deputy minister
of state security and two other high-rankingoffi-
cials of the Khadsecret police had been killedby a
landminein Kandaharthe week before, andthat46
Communist party members had been killed by
rebels in PaghmarProvince. [6/3 FBIS]
June 10: Karachi radio reported that rebels had
killed or injured30 Soviet-Kabultroops in recent
attacks in villages of the Karukh area in Herat
Province. [6/11FBIS]
June 15: Kabul radio broadcastnew officialrules
makingaccess to higher education contingenton
the completionof militaryservice. [6/17AN]
June 16: PresidentReaganmet with Afghanrebel
leaders in Washingtonand voiced "unshakable
commitment"to their cause. But the leaderof the
rebel coalition, BurhanuddinRabbani,said the US
had neither sent nor promisedto the rebels hand-
held Stinger antiaircraftmissiles, despite reports,
and complainedthat the US refused to recognize
the rebels officially.[6/17 NYT]
June 17: A "senior Administrationofficial" said
the US would extend diplomaticrecognitionto the
rebels if they acquired"more of the attributesof a
government."[6/18 NYT]
696
The rebelalliancepubliclysplitover the question
of US support as guerrilla leaders Gulbaddin
Hekmatyarand Rasul Sayaf criticized four other
guerrillachiefs for the Washingtonvisit. [6/18WP]
Kabul radio reported that authorities had ar-
rested the Pakistanivice consul in Kandaharon
spying charges. [6/18AN]
June 18: The WashingtonPost reportedthat Af-
ghan negotiatorsin the Geneva talks had for the
first time proposed a specific timetable-four
years-for the withdrawalof Soviet troops. US and
Pakistani diplomats rejected the proposal. [6/18
WP]
June20: The WashingtonPost reportedthat Saudi
Arabiahadgiven morethan$500millionto Afghan
rebels over the past two years. [6/20WP]
Mujahidinsources said they were virtually in
control of the town of Herat after a weeklong
offensive in which over 200 government troops
were killed or wounded. [6/21AN]
July 3: Pakistaniofficials said the Afghan consul
generalin Karachi,Baz MuhammadRahyab,who
had disappearedJune 26, was in Europe and had
defected to the West. [7/4 AN]
Algeria
(See also, PetroleumAffairs)
1986
April 22: PresidentChadli Benjedidbegan an of-
ficial visit to Sweden. [4/23AN]
April 28: Representatives of Algeria's FLN,
Tunisia's Destourian Socialist party, and
Morocco'sIstiqlalpartyand the Socialist Union of
Popular Forces began a two-day conference in
Algeria.[5/1 FBIS]
May 13:The ParisnewspaperLiberationsaid thou-
sands of Tuareg from Mali and Niger had been
expelledfrom Algeria,that several had been killed
and most had been mistreatedby authorities[5/23
FBIS]
May 22: Algerianauthoritiesadmittedthe expul-
sion of several thousand illegal immigrantsfrom
Mali and Niger, but denied that any of those
expelled had suffered.[5/23AN]
June 18: Algeriansources said AlgerianLeague of
HumanRightsheadAbd al-NurAli Yahiahadbeen
releasedfrom prisonafter 11 months. [6/19 AN]
July 5: The Algerian press agency reported that
doctors had advised ailing President Chadli
Benjedidto take two weeks of complete rest. [7/6
AN]
July7: Benjedidunderwentsurgeryfor sciaticain a
Belgian hospital and was reportedin satisfactory
condition.[7/9 AN]

Bahrain
(See also, Lebanon,Qatar,SaudiArabia)
1986
May 12: The Foreign Ministryannouncedthe es- July 11:Denktashannouncedthe borderswouldbe
tablishmentof diplomaticrelationswith Peru.[5/13 reopened the following day, saying he had
FBIS]
Cyprus
(See also, Lebanon,Turkey)
1986
May 1: TurkishCypriotleaderRaufDenktashsaid
he opposed a summitmeetingon the Cyprusques-
tion as requestedby PresidentSpyros Kyprianou
unlessGreekCypriotleadersaccepteda recentUN
draftaccord. [5/2 AN]
May 9: UN Secretary General Javier Perez de
Cuellarsaid Greek Cypriotproposalsfor an inter-
nationalconferenceon Cypruswere "not viable,"
and that he was still waitingfor the GreekCypriot
reactionto his own recent specificproposals.[5110
TDN]
May25: GreekCypriotsvoted in the firstelections
for city mayors and municipalcouncillors in 33
years. [5/26AN]
May 26: The Akel Communistparty won 33 per
cent of the vote with halfof the 18mayoralposts at
stake and 18 of 228 municipalcouncillor seats.
President Kyprianou's ruling Democratic party
won 23 per cent, and the Socialist Edek party 11
per cent. [5/27 AN]
June 1: TurkishCypriotsvoted in local government
elections. [6/2 AN]
June 11: The UN issued a report saying that
Kyprianouhad rejectedthe latest UN draftagree-
ment for the reunificationof Cyprus, which pro-
posed the establishment of a neutral and non-
aligned federal republic based on a presidential
system of governmentencompassingtwo autono-
mous states. Kyprianou rejected provisions for
weighted voting and for giving a Turkish vice
presidentveto power, and criticizedthe lack of a
timetable for the withdrawalof Turkish troops.
[6/15 NYT]
June 12: UN SecretaryGeneralPerez de Cuellar
said negotiationson Cypruswere stalled and that
the situationwas "dangerous."[6/13AN]
June 13: The UN Security Council ordered a
six-monthextensionin the mandateof the 22-year-
old peacekeepingforce in Cyprus. [6/15AN]
July 5: Denktashorderedthe indefiniteclosing of
all crossing points between Turkish and Greek
sectors of Cyprus,leavingUN peacekeepingforces
separatedfrom one another. [7/5 NYT]
July 7: Denktashturneddown a UN requestfor an
urgentmeetingto end the blockade. [7/6 NYT]
July8: Denktashsaid all UN helicopterflightsinto
and out of TurkishCypruswould requirepermis-
sion ahead of time. [7/9 TDN]
achievedhis goal of provingthe strengthof Turkish
Cyprus.[7/12AN]
Egypt
(See also, Arab-IsraeliConflict, Petroleum
Affairs,Jordan,Lebanon,Libya, Sudan)
1986
April 16: Two policemen were injuredin clashes
with Islamicfundamentalistsat Minya,in southern
Egypt, followingreligiousservices in memoryof a
studentshot by police the week before. [4/17AN]
April19:PrimeMinisterAli Luftiasked Parliament
to extend for 24 months the state of emergency
imposedafterthe assassinationof PresidentAnwar
al-Sadatin 1981. [4/20AN]
The People'sAssemblyvoted to extend the state
of emergencyfor two years. [4/21 FBIS]
April22: Umaral-Talmasani,head of the Muslim
Brotherhood,died in Cairoat the age of 84. [4/22
FBIS]
April 28: The Interior Ministry said about 250
workersin a textile andspinningfactoryhadstaged
a sit-inwhich securityforces were "compelled"to
end. [4/29 FBIS]
April 29: Police arrested a number of Islamic
fundamentalistdemonstratorsin Aswan who were
attemptingto "storm" a mosque, according to
Cairoradio. [511FBIS]
Oneof those arrestedwas activistDr. UmarAbd
al-Rahman,a professorat the Foundationsof Islam
College in Asyut. [5/2 FBIS]
May8: A supremestate securitycourtorderedthe
release of blind theologianUmar Abd al-Rahman
and 55 other activists, but the governmentreport-
edly refusedto release them. [5/10AN]
May 11: The Egyptianpress agency (MENA) re-
ported that 18 persons, includingtwo West Ger-
mansand 13 highofficialsof the Ministryof Indus-
try, would go on trial on charges of briberyand
corruption.[5/12 FBIS]
May 13:The ReaganadministrationinformedCon-
gress that it would sell Egypt 560 Sidewinder
air-to-airmissiles. [5/15AN]
May 14: The Frenchpress agency (AFP) reported
that AgricultureMinisterYusuf Wali had declared
a state of emergencyin cotton plantationsthrough-
out the countryin a campaignto eliminateparasites
threateningthis year's harvest. [5/15FBIS]
697
May 19: Al-Ahramsaid Egypt had foiled a Libyan
attempt to bribe an Egyptian Air Force pilot to
defect with his US-made F-16 jet fighter. [5/19
FBIS]
May 21: Al-Mithaqreportedthat Egyptianauthor-
ities had recentlydeporteda numberof Palestinian
students studying at Egyptian universities. [5/23
FBIS]
May 23: Beirut's Al-Safir reported that Islamic
religioussympathizerswere being purgedfromthe
Egyptian Army, police, and governmentdepart-
ments. [5/27 FBIS]
Thousands of Egyptians attended the funeral
procession of Talmasani, headed by Parliament
SpeakerRifaatMahjuband InteriorMinisterZaki
Badr. [5/24 AN]
May 24: FrankWisnerwas namedUS ambassador
to Egypt, replacingNicholas Veliotes. [5/25AN]
MENA reportedthatthe SupremeState Security
Courthad sentenced 34 personsto prisontermsof
from one to three years on chargesthey possessed
materialsthat would "incite hostility" againstthe
government.[5/7 FBIS]
May 27: The SupremeState SecurityCourtupheld
its decision to release UmarAbd al-Rahmanand59
other Muslimfundamentalists,over the objection
of InteriorMinisterZaki Badr. [5/28 FBIS]
May 29: Cairo radio said nuclear scientists had
denied reportsof a radioactivecobalt leak at Cairo
University,sayingradiationtherewas "below per-
missible levels" despite the theft of the device's
lead casing. [5/29 FBIS]
June 1: Al-Siyyasa reportedthat the government
had declineda Kuwaitiloan of 10 milliondinarsto
financethe sugarindustrybecause it could not pay
the loan back in the required20 years. [6/3 FBIS]
MENA reported that Iraqi President Saddam
Hussein had promisedto "solve the problem"of
30 Egyptianworkerscondemnedto deathfor forg-
ing passports. About 360 others were reportedly
awaitingtrial on similarcharges. [6/2 AN]
June2: IraqiPresidentSaddamHusseincommuted
death sentences on ten of the Egyptian workers
who must now serve life sentences instead. [6/3
AN]
Mayo reportedthata Jordanianbusinessmanhad
been sentenced to seven years in prisonfor acting
for Libya in a briberyattemptagainstan Egyptian
pilot. [6/3 AN]
In an interview with Al-Ahram, new Muslim
Brotherhoodleader MuhammadHamid Abu al-
Nasr said he would "resortto every legal course"
to obtain the regime's recognitionof the group,
dissolved in 1954. [6/9 FBIS]
June 10: An Air Sinai airliner crashed as it ap-
proached Cairo InternationalAirport, killing 20
people. [6/11 NYT]
June 13: A peacefuldemonstrationby "hundreds"
of fundamentalistsprotestingsecularismin govern-
ment was held in Cairo, accordingto AFP. [6/16
FBIS]
698
June 23: The WashingtonPost reportedthat six
Egyptians,two Moroccans,andtwo Tunisianswho
converted to Christianityhad been arrested in
recent monthson chargesof defamingIslam. [6/22
WP]
Eightpersonswere chargedbeforea state secur-
ity court in Cairoof spying for a foreign country.
[6/23AN]
June 26: The Washington Post reported that Egypt
had asked the Reagan Administrationto convert
$500 millionin economic aid to a cash grant. [6/26
WP]
July 7: SultanQabus ibn Said of Omanarrivedin
Cairofor a brief visit. [7/8 AN]
July 12: The trial of 110 security police conscripts
chargedwith mutinyand sabotageopened in Cairo
and was immediatelypostponed until October at
the requestof the defense lawyers. [7/13WP]
Iran
(See also, Arab-IsraeliConflict, Petroleum
Affairs,RegionalAffairs,Iraq, Lebanon)
1986
April 19: Tehran radio reported that the Friday
imam of the Mamaqan mosque in Eastern
AzarbayjanProvince had been killed by a bomb
explosion "planted by agents of the global arro-
gance." [4/23FBIS]
May 1: Followinga visit to Libya, IranianForeign
MinisterAli AkbarVilayatiheld talks with Syrian
PresidentHafiz al-Asadin Damascus. [5/2 AN]
May8: Ahvaz radioreportedthat heavy floods had
destroyedmanyvillages as well as the area's grain
harvestand other crops. [5/8 FBIS]
May 9: In Tehran, a bus driver and his assistant
were killedwhen a bombexploded underneaththe
vehicle. [5/9 FBIS]
May 15: The British Foreign Office said Iranian
officialshad barreda Britishdiplomatfrom taking
up his post in Tehran after Britain rejected the
appointmentof Hussein Malaik,a leader of those
who seized the AmericanEmbassy in Tehran in
1979,as Iran'stop diplomatin London. [5/16NYT]
May 20: A delegation headed by Deputy Prime
Minister Ali Riza Mu'ayiriarrived in Paris on a
three-day state visit, the first by such a high-
ranking official since the 1979 revolution. [5/21
FBIS]
June3: The Iranianpress agency (IRNA) reported
that French and Iranianofficialsbegan talks over
repaymentof a $1 billion loan by the late Shah
MuhammadRiza Pahlavi to a Europeanuranium
enrichmentconsortiumin 1975. Reportedly Iran
was demandingthe loan's repaymentas a condition
for assisting in the release of French hostages in
Lebanon.[6/4 WP]
June 4: IRNA reported that Ayatollah Ruhullah
Khomeini had pardoned 163 prisoners, former
members of "counterrevolutionarygroups," to
markJerusalemDay. [6/5 FBIS]
June 7: The French governmentexpelled Masud
Rajavi, leader of the banned left-wing group
Mujahidin-iKhalq,who hadbeen in exile in France
since 1981. Rajavi flew to Baghdad, where he
received a red-carpetwelcome. Sources said the
move could be part of French attemptsto secure
the release of hostages in Lebanon. [6/8 WP]
Baghdad radio said 1000 members of the
Mujahidinhad also left Paris for Iraq recently in
order to join Rajavi's supporters based on the
Iranianborder. [6/9 FBIS]
In a meetingwith Iranianofficialsin Damascus,
Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad said Syria's ties
with Iran were "strategic" and would be main-
tained in the interest of both countries, despite
reports of an impendingSyrian-Iraqirapproche-
ment. [6/8 WP]
June 15: IranianoppositionleaderRajavimet with
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and received
promises of support, accordingto the Iraqi news
agency (INA). [6/17CSM]
Majlis Speaker Ali Akbar Hashimi-Rafsanjani
was overwhelminglyreelected. [6/16FBIS]
July 6: In Tehran, a high-level Syrian delegation
met with Iranianofficials to discuss ways of im-
provingbilateralrelations. [7/7 AN]
July 8: A bomb in a Tehran cafe wounded 37
people, accordingto IRNA. [7/9 NYT]
Iraq
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Regional
Affairs,Egypt, Iran, Syria)
1986
April 17: Sawt al-Sha'b reported that Iraq had
begun exporting oil via a new jetty at Aqaba,
Jordan.[4/23 FBIS]
April23: PresidentSaddamHusseinannouncedthe
firingof BaghdadMayorAbd al-WahhabMuham-
mad Latif for fiscal irresponsibility.Khalid Abd
al-MunimRashid was named in his place. [4/24
AN]
May23: The WashingtonPost reportedthatMasud
Barzani, leader of Kurdish insurgents in Iraq,
claimed in a recent interview that Kurds had
achieved a major victory around the mountain
town of Mangish,nearthe Turkishborder,and had
captured 1500 Iraqi troops and large amounts of
equipment.[5/23WP]
May 26: Baath party official MuhammadHamza
deniedthat Kurdshad capturedMangish,sayingit
had been held for only three days by "disloyal
elements." [5/27AN]
King Hussein of Jordanbeganan officialvisit to
Baghdad.[5/27AN]
May 28: In Kuwait, Iraqi Foreign MinisterTariq
Aziz acknowledged the mediation efforts of
Jordan'sKing Hussein, but said talk of an Iraqi-
Syriansummitwas "premature."[5/29 FBIS]
June6: ForeignMinisterAziz said Syrianand Iraqi
officialswould hold talks soon. [6/7 NYT]
June 8: ForeignMinisterAziz arrivedin Paris for
talkswithPresidentFrangoisMitterand.[6/9FBIS]
June9: FrenchPrimeMinisterJacquesChiracsaid
France's ties with Iraq would remain unchanged
despite France's hope to normalizerelationswith
Iran. [6/10AN]
June 10: Aziz told a news conference that Iraq
would not object to a normalizationof French-
Iranianties since such a developmentwould not
harmIraqi-Frenchrelations. [6/11FBIS]
June 13: A planned border meeting between the
foreignministersof Iraqand Syria was postponed
for "furtherpreparations,"according to "an of-
ficialJordaniansource." [6/14AN]
June 27: Arab and Westerndiplomatssaid Jorda-
nian King Hussein's effortsto reconcile Syria and
Iraqhad failed. [6/28NYT]
Israel
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Lebanon,Morocco, Syria)
1986
April 17: Police arrestedfor deportation46 Black
Hebrewssuspectedof beingin Israelillegally.[4/18
FBIS]
April 21: Prime MinisterShimon Peres met with
FrenchPresidentFrangoisMitterandin Paris.[4/22
JP]
April28: Israelitelevision reportedthat Israel and
Polandhad agreed to exchange diplomats,almost
19 years after they brokeoff relations.[4/29CSM]
Israel's JerusalemMayorTeddy Kollek said he
was beginning a campaign to ask his celebrity
friendsfrom the US to make well publicizedtrips
to Israelto provetravelingtherewas safe. [4/29JP]
May 2: Vice Premier Yitzhak Shamir began an
official trip to Guatemala,Honduras, and Costa
Rica. [5/2 FBIS]
May 3: The constructionof a college of Islamic
Studies, the first of its kind in Israel, began in
al-Tayyiba.Fundswere reportedlyall fromprivate
sources. [5/5 FBIS]
May 5: Financier David Balas was arrested on
suspicion of fraud in connection with the "grey
market"loans he received from the United Kib-
butz Movementpriorto the stock marketcollapse
in 1983. [5/6 JP]
699
May 6: The US Defense Departmentannounced
that the US and Israel had signed a memorandum
of understandingto work together on the "Star
Wars" antimissiledefense program.[5/7 CSM]
May 7: A White House officialsaid Israeli assur-
ances that the JonathanJay Pollardspy case was
unauthorizedcould not be fully believed "untilthe
case is fully investigated," but said the White
House was taking a "middle ground" between
JusticeDepartmentofficialswho were advocatinga
widerinvestigation,and State Departmentofficials
who argued there was no evidence to indicate
widespreadIsraeli spying within the US govern-
ment. [5/8 WP]
May 15: A federal grandjury in Miamiindicteda
formerIsraeli consularofficialon chargesof help-
ing a convicted felon flee the country to avoid
sentencing. The felon, GurdonWolfson, in Israel
awaitingextradition,was involvedin an oil andgas
lease scheme that bilked investors. [5/16WP]
May 16: Israelitelevisionreportedthat Shamirwas
in a "fury" with Peres over Minister-Without-
PortfolioEzer Weizman'svisits to US officialsin
Washingtonwithout the presence of the Israeli
ambassadorto the US. [5/12 FBIS]
May22: JusticeMinisterYitzhakModaisaid Israel
had enough evidence to put former UN secretary
generalKurtWaldheimon trialfor aidingNazi war
crimes. [5/23NYT]
May 24: BritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcher
began an officialthree-dayvisit, the firstever by a
primeministerof Britain.[5/25 WP]
May 26: The New YorkTimesreportedthat Peres
and Attorney General Yitzhak Zamir were in a
dispute over whether to prosecute a "senior of-
ficial," reportedlythe Shin Bet (GeneralSecurity
Service) secret police head AvrahamShalom, in
connectionwiththe allegedcover-upof the circum-
stances of the deaths of two Palestinianhijackers
killedby securityforces in 1984,with Peres oppos-
ing prosecution.[5/26NYT]
May 27: Peres praised Shalom and refused to fire
him, and the Knesset rejectedfour motions of no
confidence against Peres arisingfrom the alleged
cover-upof the hijackers'deaths.
Zamirsaid he was under severe pressurefrom
the governmentto drop the case. [5/28WP]
Jerusalem radio reported that Peres "angrily
rejected" left-wing charges the government was
trying to cover up the role of the Shin Bet head.
The radioalso said one of Zamir'schargesagainst
Shalom was that he personallygave the order to
kill the two capturedhijackers,and then lied about
it to subsequentinquirycommissions.[5/28FBIS]
Defense Minister Yitzhak Rabin rejected
Thatcher'scall for local elections in the West Bank
and Gaza, sayingit would be "very strange"if the
first free municipalelections in the Arab world
were held in the occupied territories.[5/27FBIS]
May 28: A "senior Likud minister" quoted by
Jerusalemtelevisionsaidthe killingof the hijackers
700
had been approvedby then primeministerYitzhak
Shamirwith the supportof Peres. In an interview
with IDF radio,Shamirsaid he hadknownwhat he
was "supposedto know" and had "acted accord-
ingly." [5/29 FBIS]
May 31: The WashingtonPost reported that the
StateDepartmenthadaskedthe Israeligovernment
to respondto new evidence uncoveredby federal
investigatorsthat the JonathanPollardespionage
affairwas partof a moreextensive spy operationin
the US. [5/31WP]
The Israeli Embassy in Washington issued a
statementstronglydenyingreportsof a widespread
andwell financedIsraeliintelligencenetworkin the
US. [6/2 NYT]
June 1: Moshe Mandelbaumsaid he would resign
as governorof the Bankof Israel, as demandedby
the BejskiCommissionwhichinvestigatedthe 1983
bank shares scandal. [6/2 JP]
Yosef Harish,a DistrictCourtjudge, was named
AttorneyGeneral,replacingZamir,who had sub-
mittedhis resignationin February.[6/2 NYT]
June2: Harishsaid he woulddelay takingactionon
the Shin Bet affair"for a few days" to give him
time to review all the documents. [6/3 FBIS]
Justice Minister Yitzhak Modai met with the
incoming and outgoing attorneys general in an
effort to ensure that there would be no police
investigationinto Shalom'srole in the affairof the
Arab hijackers. Zamir was reportedly disturbed
aboutthe abruptnessandtimingof his replacement
in the midst of his controversy with the Inner
Cabinetover the affair.[6/2 JP]
Ultra-Orthodoxzealots saidthey wouldcontinue
to spray-paintbus stop sheltersadvertisingposters
they consider obscene, despite prison sentences
passed on some of their number for the same
offense. [6/3 JP]
The Justice Ministry announced that former
managingdirectorof Bank Mizrahi,AharonMeir,
would be charged with criminal offenses in the
bank shares affair.[6/3 JP]
June 4: The Jerusalem Post reportedthat Israeli
defense officialswere concernedover the futureof
the Lavi jet fighter,since lower Israeli and higher
US estimatesof its cost differedby 46 per cent, and
more US officials were beginningto oppose the
project. [6/4 JP]
In Washington,former US Navy Intelligence
analyst JonathanJay Pollardand his wife, Anne
Henderson Pollard, pleaded guilty to spying for
Israel. The Justice Departmentnamedfour Israe-
lis, including former intelligence chief, Rafael
Eitan, as unindictedco-conspiratorsin the case.
[6/5 NYT]
June6: The familiesof the two bus hijackerskilled
in 1984 asked the Supreme Court to order an
investigationinto the deaths, sayingit was possible
the two were innocentpassengers. [7/7 NYT]
US officials called on Israel to provide "full
cooperation" in the investigation of the Pollard
affair. FBI Director William Webster reportedly
believed Israel had given only "selective cooper-
ation." [6/7 NYT]
Israeli officials charged the US Justice Depart-
ment with waging a "malevolent" anti-Israeli cam-
paign in order to hide its own inadequate counter-
intelligence operations. [6/7 WP]
June 8: Peres denounced suggestions of extensive
Israeli spying in the US as attempts to "foul the
atmosphere" between the two countries, and reit-
erated Israel's willingness to cooperate. [6/9 NYT]
June 9: Israeli Army radio said Israel had decided
to recall its ambassador from Vienna to protest
Kurt Waldheim's election as Austria's president.
[6/9 FBIS]
The State Department said it had no evidence of
any Israeli espionage activity in the US beyond the
Pollard case. [6/10 JP]
June 10: The Bnai Benjamin synagogue in Tel Aviv
was set on fire in apparent retaliation against
vandalism by religious zealots against bus shelter
advertisements. [6/11 CSM]
June 12: The Israeli government established a
"public council for reconcilation" to help mediate
the escalating conflict between secular and ultra-
Orthodox Jews, following burning of more than 60
public bus shelters by religious zealots. [6/13 WP]
June 14: Vandals damaged an ultra-Orthodox ye-
shiva in Tel Aviv, ending a lull in violence between
secular and religious Jews. [6/15 JP]
June 15: Israeli police officials ordered more uni-
formed and undercover officers into the streets to
combat rising secular-religious violence. [6/16 WP]
June 16: Responding to reports that Shin Bet chief
Shalom had ordered the killing of two captured
Arab hijackers in April 1984, Attorney General
Yosef Harish said the matter had "been investi-
gated enough," and that the affair's "continued
rehashing" was harmful to the state. He said what
needed investigation was not the killings but the
subsequent alleged cover-up. [6/17 JP]
June 17: Justice Minister Yitzhak Modai said the
Israeli government's investigation of the Pollard
case failed to uncover important facts and that
three Israeli officials implicated had been fired after
an administrative hearing. But other "senior Israeli
official" denied that there had been a hearing or
that anyone had been fired. [6/18 WP]
Zamir was reportedly the "source" of new,
leaked press reports giving details of how the Arab
hijackers were killed and an official cover-up car-
ried out. Likud politicians accused Zamir of ille-
gally revealing information. Reportedly the
"source" said he could not remain silent if there
was an attempt to "whitewash" the issue. [6/18
NYT]
Minister of Energy Moshe Shahal asserted in a
legal brief that Harish could not legally stop the
police investigation of the Shin Bet affair ordered
by his predecessor. [6/18 JP]
Thousands of Ultra-Orthodox Gur hassidim and
sympathizers gathered in Tel Aviv to bury the
books and holy objects desecrated in the June 14
yeshiva attack. [6/18 JP]
Two attorneys and a Jerusalem land dealer were
arrested in connection with land fraud on the West
Bank. [6/19 JP]
June 18: Harish said an investigation of the General
Security Service was unavoidable, but that he
would only decide on its nature and purview after
meeting with Peres and Shamir. [6/19 JP]
Brazilian television reported that 16 foreign cou-
ples, mostly Israelis, had been detained for ques-
tioning about a baby-smuggling ring. [6/19 JP]
June 19: The New York Times said the Justice
Department would seek the indictment of Col.
Aviem Sella, commander of Israel's Rimon Air
Base, in connection with the Pollard case. [6/19
NYT]
Shamir said he supported some kind of investi-
gation into the General Security Service (GSS), or
Shin Bet, but remained opposed to a police inves-
tigation and a commission of inquiry. [6/20 JP]
June 25: Shalom resigned after all-night talks with
Cabinet ministers. President Chaim Herzog issued
a blanket pardon of Shalom and four of his depu-
ties, allowing the government to avoid an embaras-
sing official inquiry. Peres said he would set up a
special commission to determine "future conduct"
of Shin Bet agents. Harish said he was unaware of
the pardon compromise until after it was con-
cluded, but said "there is no longer any point" to
an investigation. [6/26 WP]
June 26: Leading jurists, academics and Justice
Ministry officials attacked the pardon as "political
maneuvering" and a "slap in the face" to the
judicial system. [6/26 JP]
The Health Ministry ordered 11,000 nurses to
return to work following a three-day strike. [6/27
JP]
June 28: The Jerusalem Post reported that lawyers
representing Sella would meet soon with US offi-
cials to arrange the ground rules for Sella's ques-
tioning on the Pollard affair. Reportedly US offi-
cials were also considering charges against an
unidentified American Jewish fundraiser based in
New York who introduced Pollard to Sella. [6/29
JP]
June 29: Peres faced mounting pressure from La-
bor party ministers to appoint a judicial inquiry
commission to investigate the Shin Bet affair. [6/30
WP]
In a stormy Cabinet session, Minister of Health
Mordecai Gur called on Shamir to resign because
of his reported role in the Shin Bet cover-up. The
Cabinet postponed a decision on an inquiry. [6/30
NYT]
June 30: The Peres government defeated five no-
confidence motions over the Shin Bet affair. Peres
said he would support a limited probe of the alleged
701
cover-up but that he opposed an investigationof
Shin Bet. [7/1 WP]
Shalom said he had approvalfrom his superiors
for his action in the affair.[7/1 JP]
July 1: Nurses continued their nine-day strike,
abandoning all remaining hospital emergency
posts. [7/2 JP]
The Israeli SupremeCourt challengedthe gov-
ernmentto explainwhy there was no police inves-
tigationof the Shin Bet affair.[7/2 NYT]
July3: Shamirdeniedthat Shalomhadacted on his
ordersandauthorizationsayinghe knew nothingof
the affairuntil governmentleaders were informed
of it in Oct. 1985. [7/4 NYT]
July 4: Sources close to Shalom were quoted as
saying Shamir was lying about the extent of his
knowledgeof the affair.[7/5 NYT]
Haaretz reportedthat an IsraeliDruze who was
a majorin the militaryintelligenceforces was being
tried in Haifa on charges of spying for Syria. [7/5
WP]
July 8: US authoritiesissued subpoenasand search
warrantsfor several employees of an Israeli pur-
chasing mission in New York and three US com-
panies in an investigationof efforts to export to
Israel illegallytechnologyto make cluster bombs.
[7/9 WP]
In a sworn affadavit to the Supreme Court,
Shalom admittedhe had orderedthe killingof the
hijackers.[7/10AN]
July 9: Israel's Defense Ministrysaid allegations
that Israel illegallyattemptedto obtain US cluster
bomb technologywere "unfounded."[7/10 WP]
July 13: Harish told the Cabinetthat if it did not
approve his recommendationsfor a judicial com-
mission to investigatethe 1984deathsof two Arab
prisonersand the alleged subsequentcover-up, he
would order the police to begin an inquiry. [7/14
WP]
July 14: The Cabinetvoted 14 to 11 againstestab-
lishing a commission of inquiry, and Harish an-
nounced he was orderinga police investigationof
the affair.[7/15 NYT]
Jordan
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia,Syria)
1986
April23: Seven Fath memberswere expelled from
Jordanfor "activitieslikely to endangerthe state."
[4/24 AN]
April 27: King Hussein reshuffledthe Cabinet.
Appointmentswere as follows:
Dhuqanal-Hindawi:Ministerof Statefor Prime
MinistryAffairs
MarwanDudin:OccupiedTerritoryAffairs
702
TahirKanan:Planning
Rajaial-Dajani:Transport
Id Duhayyat:Youth.(4/28 FBIS)
Ali Khrays was named the first ambassadorto
Syria in five years. [4/28AN]
May 5: Syrian PresidentHafiz al-Asad began an
officialvisit, his first in nine years.
Syrianauthoritiesreleased 12 Jordaniandetain-
ees, and Jordanianauthoritiesreleasedthree Syri-
ans. [5/5 FBIS]
May 11:KingHusseinmet with EgyptianPresident
Husni Mubarakin Aqaba. [5/12 FBIS]
May 15: OfficialsreportedlydeportedFath official
Salah al-Tamari, according to "Palestinian
sources" cited by RadioMonteCarlo. [5/20FBIS]
The InteriorMinistryannouncedthat three stu-
dents at YarmukUniversitywere killed in clashes
with police, apparentlytriggeredby a tuition in-
crease for engineeringstudents and the expulsion
of 32 studentswho had participatedin demonstra-
tions weeks before. [5/16WP]
A royal decree approveda new election law for
the 1986 Council of Deputies, stipulatingthe for-
mationof one electoralconstituencyfor each Pal-
estinianrefugeecamp in the East Bank. [5/16AN]
May17:Ammanradioreportedthatall the students
detainedin the disturbancesat YarmukUniversity
had been released on King Hussein's orders, and
that a ministerialfact-findingcommittee had been
set up to investigatethe incidents. [5/19 FBIS]
May 18: East Jerusalempapers reportedthat Jor-
danian authorities had recently confiscated the
passports of Palestiniansexpelled by Israel from
the West Bank as part of moves to increase pres-
sure on PLO supporters.[5/19JP]
The governmentreportedly detained 17 mem-
bers of the bannedJordanianCommunistpartythe
day before for securityreasons. [5/19FBIS]
May21: The New YorkTimesreportedwidespread
rumors that the death and wounded toll in the
Yarmuk University disturbances was "much
higher"thanthe officialreportsof three killed and
18 wounded. [5/21 FBIS]
Ali al-Safadiwas appointedhead of the Jorda-
niannews agency, Petra,replacingJawadMaraqa.
[5/22AN]
Studentsat Bir Zeit Universityburnedpictures
of King Hussein at a mock funeralfor Palestinian
studentskilledthe week beforeat YarmukUniver-
sity. [5/22 FBIS]
May 24: Students returnedto classes at Yarmuk
University,but visitors were banned. [5/25 AN]
May 26: In Beirut, the undergroundNationalJor-
danianMovementsaidthe secret service was purg-
ingthe militaryof those opposedto the use of force
against the students at Yarmuk University, and
that those students arrestedwere being tortured.
[5/27FBIS]
June 3: King Hussein met with French President
FrangoisMitterrandduringa privatevisit to Paris.
[6/4 FBIS]
June6: A helicopterscheduledto fly King Hussein
to his daughter's high school commencementin
Connecticut crashed in heavy rains, killing four
people. The king was not aboard.[6/9 AN]
June 9: Hussein met with President Reagan in
Washington.State Departmentofficialssaid "there
was nothing encouragingto say" in the meeting.
[6/10 NYT]
June 15: The Jerusalem Post said Jordanianoffi-
cials had imposed a boycott of majorWest Bank
newspapers and press agencies critical of Jorda-
nian policy toward the PLO, and had reportedly
ordered the arrest of 34 West Bankjournalistsif
they entered the East Bank. [6/15JP]
June 28: Prime Minister Zayd al-Rifai denied
charges by defeated candidate Abd al-Majid
Nusayr that his opponent, Jamal Muhammad
Ubaydat, had won a parliamentaryby-electionin
IrbidProvinceby fradulentmeans, with the help of
provincialauthorities.[6/29AN]
July 5: Oman's Sultan Qabus bin Said arrivedin
Aqabafor talks with King Hussein. [7/6 AN]
Hussein instructedRifaito reformthe country's
university system following the May riots at
YarmukUniversity. [7/7 AN]
July 7: Jordanianauthorities closed all 25 Fath
offices "on grounds of national security." [7/8
NYT]
July 8: Authoritiesexpelled PLO leader Arafat's
second-in-command,Khalilal-Wazir(Abu Jihad).
Wazir said the PLO was facing a "conspiracy"
from Israel, the US, and "some Arabs."
Petra announcedthat Adnan Badran,the presi-
dent of YarmukUniversity,had resignedand that
15 faculty members and six administratorshad
been fired. [7/9 AN]
July 10: Wazirreportedlyflew to IraqfromJordan,
and said he would later go to Tunisia. [7/11AN]
Kuwait
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Regional
Affairs,Iraq, Lebanon)
1986
April 18: FBIS cited reportsthat an Army officer
had been sentencedApril 13 to ten years in prison
for advocatingthe overthrow of the regime, and
that cadets at the Police College who had mutinied
in Marchwould be tried by a disciplinarycouncil.
[4/18 FBIS]
May 20: Education Minister Hassan Ali Ibrahim
withdrewhis resignation,made publicon May 11,
after the governmentsaid it would carry out edu-
cationalreformsdespite the oppositionof religious
groups. [5/22AN]
May 26: Al-Ra'i al-Ammreportedthat borderau-
thoritieshad confiscated"large quantitiesof radi-
ation contaminatedfood products importedfrom
Turkey," in the aftermathof the nuclearaccident
at Chernobyl,USSR. [5/27 FBIS]
May27: The Arab Timesreportedthat the expatri-
ate work force would be reducedby 30,000by the
end of the summer.Those most affectedwould be
Jordanians,Egyptians,and "Asians." [5/29FBIS]
June 18: Officialssaid explosions and fierce fires
whichbrokeout at the Minaal-Ahmadioil terminal
and the nearbyal-Mukawaoil field the day before
were acts of sabotageaimed at forcing Kuwait to
changeits oil policies. [6/19AN]
June21: Kuwaitiauthoritiessaid they had detained
"some suspiciouspeople" associated with the re-
fineryexplosions. [6/22AN]
July 1: The Cabinetsubmittedits resignation.
The Interior Ministry said security forces had
arrestedpersons who tried to assassinate Shaykh
Jabiral-AhmadAl Sabahin May 1985. [7/2 AN]
July 3: ShayhkJabiral-AhmadAl Sabah said he
had dissolved the National Assembly and sus-
pended some articles of the Constitution.He also
said he had asked CrownPrinceand PrimeMinis-
ter Shaykh Saad al-AbdullahAl Sabah to form a
new government.[7/4 AN]
Lebanon
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Jordan,
Syria, Tunisia)
1986
April 17: Lebanese radio reportedthat the bodies
of three British hostages had been found outside
Beirut. IslamicJihadsaid the three had been exe-
cuted in retaliationfor British supportof the US
bombingraidon Libya.
A British photographerwas kidnapped near
Beirutairport,and the British ambassador'sresi-
dence in Beirut was attacked by gunmen and
rocket-firedgrenades. The Hilal ibn al-Qadahafi
organizationclaimedresponsibilityfor the kidnap-
ping, and the Umaral-Mukhtarforces' July 23 unit
said it had stormedthe residence. [4/17 FBIS]
The three slain Britons were identifiedas jour-
nalistAlec Colett, and teachersPhilipPadfieldand
Leigh Douglas. [4/18WP]
April 18: An anonymouscaller claimingto speak
for the "Fedayin RevolutionaryCells" said the
journalistJohnMcCarthy,kidnappedApril 17, had
been executed as a US spy. [4/28 FBIS]
One of the slainhostageswas identifiedas Amer-
ican librarianPeter Kilburn,not Alec Collett, as
previouslyreported.[4/18 FBIS]
British Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe said
his governmenthad "firmevidence" that the two
Britishhostageshad been in "Libyanhands." [4/9
NYT]
703
 The UN Security Council voted to renew the
mandateof the UN peacekeepingforce (UNIFIL)
in Lebanonfor only three months, ratherthan the
usual six, after France threatenedto withdrawif
the longerterm were approved.The Soviet Union
voted to supportUNIFIL for the firsttime since it
was createdin 1978,and said it wouldbeginpaying
its $18 million annual share of the force's cost.
[4/20 WP]
April 19: At Bkirki, NasrallahSfayr was elected
new patriarchof the MaroniteChurch, replacing
Antoine Pierre Cardinal Koreiche, who retired.
[4/20 NYT]
April 20: Thirty-twoBritons, an Americanand an
Irishmanwere evacuatedunderconvoy fromWest
to East Beirut and planned to leave the country
amid fears of furtherretaliationagainstforeigners
in wake of the US raidon Libya. [4/21NYT]
April22: Six people died and 53 were woundedin
heavy fighting across Beirut's Green Line. The
American University Hospital closed its emer-
gency ward to protest recent harassmentof medi-
cal personnelby local militiamen.[4/23AN]
Ten Americans were evacuated from West to
East Beirut amid fears of retaliationfor the US
bombingof Libya. [4/23NYT]
April23: The pro-LibyanRevolutionaryOrganiza-
tion of Socialist Muslims claimed to have killed
Briton Alec Collett in retaliationfor the US air
strike against Libya and released a photographit
claimedwas of the victim. [4/24NYT]
The strikeforce commandin West Beirutbanned
weapons and uniformedmilitary personnel from
the groundsof the AmericanUniversity Hospital.
[4/24 FBIS]
April 24: The Lebanese Forces released 33 kid-
napped persons as a "gesture of goodwill." [4/24
FBIS]
April25: Nine people died and65 were woundedin
fightingbetween Christiansand Muslimsin Beirut.
[4/26 NYT]
April 28: The Netherlands Foreign Ministry an-
nouncedit was closing its Beirutembassy and that
Dutch diplomats would leave the country. [4/29
AN]
April29: Fightingandsnipingreportedlycontinued
in Beirut despite a Lebanese Forces Executive
Committeeceasefireannouncement.[4/30 FBIS]
April 30: Prime MinisterRashidal-Karamimet in
Damascus with Syrian Vice President Abd al-
HalimKhaddamin an effortto revive stalledpeace
negotiationsin Lebanon'scivil war. [5/1 AN]
May 1: Shi'i guerrillasfrom the IslamicResistance
Movementsaid they had killed several militiamen
from the Israeli-backedSouthernLebanon Army
(SLA) in an attack 13 miles north of the Israeli
border. [5/2 NYT]
Voice of Lebanon reportedthat "extreme ten-
sion" prevailed in Baalbek following clashes be-
tween Hizballah and Syrian Army fighters. [5/2
FBIS]
704
May 3: The Army ordered closed all crossing
points between East and West Beirut for security
reasons. [5/4 AN]
Voice of Lebanon radio reported that tension
was high in the Sabrarefugeecamps followingthe
murderof two Palestinians,reportedlyby an of-
ficial of the Shi'i Amal organization.[5/5 FBIS]
May 4: Radio Free Lebanon reportedthat Syrian
Army and Islamic fightershad clashed in Tripoli
following the ambush of a Syrian militarytruck.
[5/5 FBIS]
The Army reopenedtwo of the Beirut crossing
points, despite 24 hours of shelling and gunfire
across the Green Line, in which four people died.
[5/6 AN]
May5: Violentrocket,artillery,andtankclashes in
Beirutkilled three and wounded 11. [5/6 FBIS]
May 7: President Amin Gemayel reportedlymet
with Fath's Salah Khalafin Tunisiato discuss the
security situationin the Palestiniancamps in Leb-
anon. [5/8 FBIS]
New clashes between SyrianArmy and Hizbal-
lah fighterswere reportedfrom Baalbek, and be-
tween the pro-SyrianRed Knightsand Amal gun-
men in West Beirut. [5/8 FBIS]
An elderly Frenchman, Camille Sontag, was
kidnapped in Beirut, and Prof. Nabil Matar, a
Lebanese teacher at the American University of
Beirut, was reported missing and feared kid-
napped. [5/8 NYT]
May 8: Ibrahimal-Far, a Sunni Army officer, and
Nassib Khatib,a Muslimpolitician,and his three
bodyguards,were kidnappedand murderedin sep-
arateattacks. [5/9 NYT]
"Diplomaticsources" said Gemayelheld secret
talks with EgyptianPresidentHusni Mubarakdur-
ing a briefstopoverin CairoenroutefromBeirutto
Tunis. [5/9 AN]
Beirutradioreported"violent clashes" in Sidon
between the Popular Liberation Army and the
Israeli-backedSLA. [5/9 FBIS]
May 9: Voice of Lebanon radio reportedthat the
new HalatAirportwas shelledfromthe northwhen
Gemayelreturnedfrom his tripto Tunisia.Former
presidentCamilleChamounblamed Syria for the
shelling. [5/12FBIS]
May 10: Voice of Lebanon reported that Amal
gunmenin West Beiruthadkidnappedseven Druze
men, includingtwo shaykhs, in response to the
detentionof an Amal memberby the PSP the day
before. Amal sources denied the report. [5/12
FBIS]
May 13: A group of Christianleaders met at the
headquartersof the NationalLiberalparty, report-
edly to formulatea "nationalsolution"peace plan.
[5/14FBIS]
May 14: CBS News reportedthat Syrian officials
were engaged in intensive efforts to help win the
release of Americanand Frenchhostages in Leba-
non, and that Syrianofficialshad met May 12 with
Iranianleadersin Damascusand threatenedto end
supportfor Iran against Iraq unless Iran used its
influenceto free the hostages. [5/15CSM]
May 18: The previouslyunknowngroup,the Inde-
pendent Movement for the Liberationof the Ab-
ducted, said it had kidnapped AUB professor
Matarbecause Christianswere still holding 2200
Muslims,and said Matarwouldbe killedif protests
againsthis abductioncontinued.[5/19AN]
May 19: Fierce fighting was reported between
Amal and Palestinian gunmen around the Budj
al-Barajnaand Sabracamps. [5/20]
May 20: Amal-Palestinianclashes reportedlydied
down at Bud al-Barajna.Two people reportedly
died and 25 were wounded in the fighting. [5/21
AN]
Unidentifiedgunmenkidnappedand held at least
five Lebanese guardsat the AmericanEmbassyin
Beirutfor eight hours. Voice of Lebanonsaid the
kidnapperswere Hizballahmembers.
A UN helicoptercarryingFrench Ambassador
ChristianGraeffand two French NationalAssem-
bly delegates was hit by groundfire and forced to
make an emergencylandingin southernLebanon.
[5/21 NYT]
Radio Free Lebanonreportedthat Christianno-
tables led by former presidentCamilleChamoun
had presented their new peace proposalto Presi-
dent Amin Gemayel. [5/21 FBIS]
May 21: AUB agreed to resume classes ending a
13-daystrikefollowingthe kidnappingof Professor
Matar. [5/22WP]
Seventeen people died and 60 were woundedin
Christian-Muslim artillerybattlesacross the Green
Line. [5/22 NYT]
May 22: Beirut radio reportedthat 28 people had
died and 101 were injured in "indiscriminate"
shellingin the Beirutarea May 21 and 22.
Voice of Lebanon reported that Syrian forces
had shelled Hizballahcenters in the Biqa Valley
the nightbefore. [5/22 FBIS]
Artilleryduels continuedin Beirut, bringingthe
two-day death toll to 40, includingmany civilians.
Amal members accused Christianforces of the
Lebanese Army of shellingresidentialareas. [5/23
NYT]
May23: A car bombin the Sinnal-Filareaof Beirut
killed six people and wounded85. An anonymous
caller claimed the "Southern Suburb Martyrs"
were responsible.[5/23 FBIS]
May24: A bombin a buildingin East Beirutinjured
three. [5/25 AN]
Four Lebanese guerrillasand one SLA soldier
were killed in a clash near Bint Jubayl, in the
Israeli-declaredsecurity zone in southern Leba-
non. [5/25JP]
Progressive Socialist party (PSP) leader Walid
Jumblattsaid the Christianpeace planwas "only a
ploy to gain time while awaiting an anticipated
Israeliaggression." [5/27 FBIS]
Carmelite Abbot Father Butrus Abi Aql was
reportedly assassinated by six gunmen near Tyre.
[5/27 FBIS]
May 25: Al-Safir reported that the French govern-
ment had sent businessman Umran Adnan to
Damascus to resume negotiations for the release of
eight Frenchmen held in Lebanon. [5/26 NYT]
May 26: Lebanese Forces chief Samir Jaja accused
Syria of responsibility for recent bomb explosions
in East Beirut. [5/27 NYT]
May 27: Eight people died and 60 were wounded in
Palestinian-Amal clashes at Bud al-Barajna. [5/28
AN]
May 28: Syrian Defense Minister Mustafa Talas
said the release of French hostages seized in Beirut
was just "a matter of time" following negotiations
involving the kidnappers and the Syrian and Ira-
nian governments, and that Asad had personally
urged Iranian President Ali Khamanei to use his
influence to help free the Frenchmen. [5/29 WP]
Four Armenians were killed in Beirut, and Amal
and Palestinian gunmen clashed for the tenth
straight day in the southern suburbs. [5/29 WP]
Palestinian gunmen reportedly broke a weeklong
Amal siege and occupied several blocks of build-
ings in southern Beirut. More than 30 people died
in 24 hours of fighting, despite the announcement
by a team of mediators of a comprehensive
ceasefire.
Unknown assailants assassinated two Arme-
nians in West Beirut. No group claimed responsi-
bility.
In Sidon, 32,000 schoolchildren and teachers
went on strike to protest the kidnapping of Chris-
tian teacher Rizkallah Antun from a Muslim sub-
urb. [5/29 AN]
May 29: Beirut radio reported a "mass migration"
from Budjal-Barajna in the wake of renewed Amal-
Palestinian fighting. [5/29 FBIS]
Five SLA members, including senior officers,
were found dead in the village of Kafr Rumman,
north of the Israeli security zone. [5/30 JP]
Voice of Hope radio said the SLA men had been
"treacherously martyred" after meeting to try to
arrange the return of the inhabitants of Kafr Rum-
man, and that the SLA would make a "violent
response to the killings." [5/30 FBIS]
May 31: A ceasefire, the 16th, collapsed, and
fighting intensified between Palestinians and Amal
guerrillas in Beirut's refugee camps. The death toll
rose to 42. [6/1 NYT]
June 2: Beirut radio reported that Israeli and SLA
forces had shelled several villages in southern
Lebanon, killing a number of people. [6/2 FBIS]
June 3: Voice of Lebanon reported that the Amal-
Palestinian fighting now involved all of West Beirut
and had caused 30 new casualties. Sunni organiza-
tions and the Progressive Socialist party (PSP)
were reportedly fighting Amal, the Baath party,
and the Lebanese Army's Sixth Brigade. [6/3
FBIS]
705
 A special Lebanese Army force prepared to
deploy in West Beirutfollowing20 hoursof rocket
and mortarexchanges in which the Amal militia
reportedlywon control of many Sunni neighbor-
hoods. [6/4 AN]
June 4: Fighting subsided in West Beirut, and
residents emergedfrom shelters to bury the dead
and buy food. Sporadic artillery fire continued
aroundthe three Palestiniancamp districts. Prime
Minister Rashid al-Karamicalled an emergency
session of the security coordinationcommittee,
and said afterwardsthat gunmenwould withdraw
June 5 and special units of the Army would be
deployed.
Syrian Vice President Khaddamheld consulta-
tions with representativesof Amal and the Pales-
tine NationalSalvationFront(PNSF) in an attempt
to bringabout an accord. [6/5 NYT]
June 5: Voice of Lebanon reported that Amal
leader Nabih Berrihad agreedto allow the special
force into the al-Tariqal-Jadidaareaof West Beirut
on conditionthe leaderof the "Feb. 6 Movement,"
Shakir al-Barjawi, was expelled from Lebanon.
[6/5 FBIS]
Heavy artilleryand rocket fire resumed in and
aroundBeirut's refugeecamps. [6/6 WP]
June 6: Gemayel flew to Romaniafor an official
visit. [6/10 FBIS]
Amal and Palestiniangunmenobserved a truce
to markthe end of Ramadanandto boost prospects
for the success of talks in DamascusbetweenBerri
and PNSF officials. [6/7 AN]
June 7: Sporadicfightingreportedlymarreda two-
day truce in the Beirutcamps. [6/8 AN]
June8: Heavy fightingbetweenAmaland Palestin-
ian gunmenaroundShatilacampclaimedthe life of
a child, and woundednine other people. [6/9NYT]
June 9: IranianDeputy ForeignMinisterMuham-
mad Ali Bisharati flew to Beirut to meet with
Lebanese religiousleaders in an effort to end the
renewed camp battles. [6/10AN]
June 10: In a news conference, Bisharatisaid Iran
could not assist in freeingforeignhostages held in
Lebanon since it had no part in their abduction.
[6/11CSM]
June 11: Tehranradio announcedthat Shi'i Amal
and Palestinianfightershad agreed to a ceasefire
beginningJune 11.
Berrisaid in an interviewthat PLO leaderYasir
Arafat had made a "secret agreement" with
Gemayel whereby "more than half' of Arafat's
forces had returnedto Lebanon via Juniya. [6/11
FBIS]
A partial truce allowed medical personnel to
evacuate the woundedfrom Buu al-Barajnacamp.
[6/12 CSM]
SLA CommanderGen. Antoine Lahd said 200
detainees, 75 per cent of them Hizballahmembers,
were being held in the town of al-Khiyam on
suspicion of carryingout terroristattacks in the
southernsecurity zone. [6/11FBIS]
706
In Damascus, Syrian Vice President Abd al-
Halim Khaddammet with Amal leader Berri and
PSP chief WalidJumblattto discuss a "new secur-
ity formula"for West Beirut, shortlybefore Prime
MinisterRashidal-Karamiand other Muslimlead-
ers were scheduled to arrive for talks with
Khaddamand PresidentAsad. [6/12 FBIS]
June 12: Nine people died as Hizballahand Syrian
SocialistNationalparty(SSNP) militiamenbattled
in the Syrian-occupiedBiqa Valley.
In Beirut, two people died in the 25th day of
fightingat the refugeecamps. [6/13NYT]
JohnO'Connor,the RomanCatholicCardinalof
New York, flew to Lebanon for a visit the exact
natureof which was kept secret. [6/14 NYT]
June 13: Syrian and Lebanese Muslim leaders
announcedthat a special force of the Lebanese
Army would be deployed aroundthe three Pales-
tiniandistrictsof Beirutto "subject them to Leb-
anese laws," and that PLO fighterswould not be
permittedto returnto Beirut.
The special force will also be charged with
imposingorderon West Beirut. [6/14NYT]
The UN DisasterRelief Organizationannounced
a special $3 million six-month aid programfor
460,000people in southernLebanon. [6/15 AN]
June 14:CardinalO'Connormet with Gemayeland
said he hopedthere would soon be a breakthrough
in the case of the Americanhostages. [6/15 NYT]
Rocket and mortar exchanges subsided after
Palestinian and Amal fighters announced a
ceasefire. [6/15AN]
June 15:Gemayelleft for officialvisits to the UAE,
Bahrain,Oman, Kuwait, and Qatar.[6/16 FBIS]
Syrian Army soldiers separatedwarringleftists
and fundamentalistsin the Biqa Valley, ending
three days of fighting that killed 25 people and
wounded 129. [6/16WP]
June 16: Phalangesparty membersvoted for new
officials. [6/16AN]
George Saada was elected party leader, replac-
ing Elie Karama.[6/16 FBIS]
CardinalO'Connormet with Lebanon's Grand
MuftiShaykhHassan Khalid,in West Beirut.
The Vatican said O'Connor'svisit was not part
of a Holy See peace mission, but was designed to
show solidarity with the country's besieged
MaroniteChristians.[6/17NYT]
Israeli Defense MinisterYitzhak Rabin said Is-
rael approved of Syrian intervention against
Hizballah,but thatSyriantroopsshouldnot stay in
southern Lebanon "beyond the time needed to
establishorder." [6/17JP]
Beirut radio reported renewed fighting in the
Sabra-Shatilaarea after Palestiniangunmenmade
unsuccessfulattemptsto advance. [6/17 FBIS]
June 17: O'Connor left Lebanon saying he had
failed to make direct contact with Americanhos-
tages. [6/18NYT]
 Kidnappersdemandingthe release of hundreds
of kidnappedMuslims freed two Christiansas a
"goodwillgesture." [6/19AN]
June 18:AnotherChristianhostagewas releasedin
Beirutby the IndependentMovementfor the Lib-
erationof the Abducted. [6/20AN]
June 19: Heavy fighting erupted in and around
Beirut'sthreePalestiniancampdistricts,jeopardiz-
ing the Syrian-mediatedtruce. [6/20AN]
June 20: Two members of a four-man French
television crew kidnappedin Marchwere freed by
their captors in Beirut, following mediation by
Hizballah,Algerian,and Syrianofficials.[6/21WP]
June21: Two Cypriotstudentsseized April28 were
also released. [6122AN]
June 22: Fierce tank and mortarduels raged be-
tween Amal militiamenand Palestiniancomman-
dos of the PNSF in southernBeirut. At least six
people were reportedkilled. [6/23AN]
June 23: France officiallythankedIranfor its role
in the release of the two hostages. [6/24AN]
June 24: About 100 LebaneseArmytroops, super-
vised by 35 Syrian observers, deployed around
Palestiniandistrictsin southernBeirutin an effort
to end the violence. [6/25 NYT]
June 28: Eight-hundredLebanese Army soldiers
and policemen deployed in West Beirut to try to
enforce the peace plan announcedJune 13. [6/29
NYT]
June 30: SyrianArmy units moved into the north-
ern Dinniyaregionto help defuse tension between
the Islamic UnificationMovementand the Syrian
Socialist Nationalparty(SSNP). [7/1 AN]
July 2: Steven J. Donahue,an Americanmissingin
Lebanon for 10 months, was released by drug
traffickersafter his family paid a reportedransom
of more than $400,000.[7/3 NYT]
July 3: Millionsof Christiansand Muslimsreport-
edly observed a general strike called by the Gen-
eral Labor Federationto protestthe civil war and
mountingeconomic crisis. [7/4 AN]
LebaneseGeorgesIbrahimAbdallah,reportedly
head of the LebaneseArmedRevolutionariesFac-
tion, went on trial in Lyon, France on chargesof
membershipin a criminalorganizationand illegal
possession of arms and explosives. [7/4 AN]
July 5: Syrian troops patrolledBeirutfor the first
time in four years to back up Lebanese troops
enforcingthe week-old peace plan. [7/6 NYT]
July 7: PresidentGemayelwas reportedlyopposed
to the Syrianmilitarypresence, despite pledges of
support by Druze and Muslim leaders for the
Syrianpeace effort. [7/8 NYT]
July 9: Christian,Muslim, and Druze militiasan-
nounced an accord aimed at restoringtrafficbe-
tween isolated eastern and western suburbs of
Beirutnot patrolledby Syrianor Lebanesepeace-
keepers. [7/10 AN]
July 10: Hundreds of Christians and Muslims
staged a two-hour sit-in in Beirut to protest the
continued civil war and the economic crisis. [7/11
AN]
Libya
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Egypt, Iran,
Lebanon, South Yemen, Sudan, Turkey)
1986
April 16: Libyan leader Muammar al-Qadhdhafi
appeared on television for the first time since the
Apr. 15 US bombing raids and condemned both the
US and Britain for the raids. [4/17 NYT]
West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl an-
nounced that his government had proof that Libya
was responsible for the Apr. 5 bombing of a West
Berlin discotheque that killed two and wounded
more than 200 others. [4/17 WP]
Soviet officials announced they had promised to
strengthen Libyan defenses in the wake of the US
raid.
A senior White House official said the US had
had and was continuing contacts with Libyan op-
ponents of Qadhdhafi. [4/17 NYT]
The Libyan news agency (JANA) denied a BBC
report of a rebellion in the Bab al-Aziziya barracks
area of Tripoli. [4/17 FBIS]
April 17: A US official involved in planning the raid
on Libya confirmed that Qadhdhafi had been a
target. US Secretary of State George Shultz denied
Qadhdhafi had been a direct target, but said a coup
against the Libyan leader would be "all to the
good." [4/18 WP]
April 18: Diplomatic sources in Tripoli cited by
Voice of Lebanon radio said Staff Major Abd
al-Salam Jallud was behind a failed coup attempt
against Qadhdhafi on Apr. 16. [4/18 FBIS]
Twenty Libyan victims of the US air strike were
buried in Tripoli.
President Reagan denied that the US had tried to
kill Qadhdhafi in the bomb attack.
The French Interior Ministry announced the
expulsion of four Libyans because their activities
were likely to disturb "public order." [4/19 NYT]
April 20: The death toll from the US attack rose to
39. Qadhdhafi was reported to be in a "severe
depression" because of the bombing and the result-
ing death of his adopted daughter and the wounding
of two young sons. [4/21 WP]
April 21: A former Libyan diplomat, Arabi M.
Fituri, was arrested in Rome on suspicion of plot-
ting in 1985 to kill the US, Saudi, and Egyptian
ambassadors to Italy.
The foreign ministries of the European Commu-
nity agreed on measures aimed at limiting Libya's
ability to sponsor terrorist attacks, including reduc-
tions in the number of Libyan diplomats stationed
in Europe.
707
 The Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
said it had planted a bomb that damagedthe US
ambassador'sresidencein Lima, Peru,in response
to the Americanraid on Libya. [4/22 NYT]
April22: Britain,France,and the US vetoed a UN
SecurityCouncilresolutioncondemningthe US for
its raid on Libya. [4/23AN]
British officials said they planned to expel 21
Libyanstudentsfor involvementin "studentrevo-
lutionary activities," and US officials said they
would "tighten surveillance"of Libyans living in
the US. [4/23 NYT]
Soviet officialssaid the US hadlost five planesin
the bombingraidon Libya andaccused the Reagan
administrationof misrepresentingUS losses. US
officialsdenied the charges. [4/23 WP]
April 23: West German authorities ordered 22
membersof the LibyanEmbassyin Bonn to leave
the country. [4/24 WP]
Libyan officials orderedthe expulsion of about
300 Europeanand US journalists.
AFP cited a London Timesstory that Qadhdhafi
is sharingpower with other officers in a five-man
junta includingStaffMajorAbd al-SalamJalludand
Armed Forces CommanderBrigadierAbu Bakr
Yunis Jabir. [4/23 FBIS]
A Libyan spokesman denied that journalists
were being expelled, sayingthey were being asked
to leave because of lack of hotel space. Stockholm
radio said nearly 200 journalists had left Libya
April23, and that all US and Europeanjournalists
had been asked to leave by April25. [4/24 FBIS]
April 25: British officials announced they were
asking more than 200 Libyan studentsof airplane
engineeringand maintenance,as well as a small
numberof pilot trainees, to leave the countryfor
reasons of security. The French governmentan-
nounced it would reinforceits Mediterraneande-
fenses against possible Libyan attacks and that it
would reduce the numberof Libyan diplomatsin
France and restricttheir movements.
The Spanish governmentorderedthe expulsion
of three Libyandiplomatsand eight Libyanteach-
ers and students. [4/26 NYT]
April 26: Italian investigatorssaid they had evi-
dence that the Libyan Embassy in Rome was an
importantlink in a Libyan-sponsoredterroristnet-
work in Italy, Egypt, and possibly Western Eu-
rope. [4/27 WP]
Al-Ahram reported that Egypt had refused a
Libyanrequestfor "huge quantities"of weapons.
The Libyan news agency said certain Egyptian
officials had offered Libya arms but had been
"exposed" and subjected to "fierce hostility"
from other Egyptianleaders. [4/28 FBIS]
April 27: Shultz said he supported "disruptive
covert action" by the US as a way to depose
Qadhdhafi.[4/28 NYT]
In Mexico City, the Simon BolivarInternational
Front claimed responsibilityfor placing a bomb,
which police defused, near the US Embassy the
708
day before, saying their action was in response to
the US raid on Libya. [4/28 WP]
April28: The Libyannews agency (JANA)denied
reportsthat Liberiansin Libya had been tortured
to deathand executed by firingsquad. [4/29FBIS]
April29: The BelgianForeignMinistryannounced
thatseven Libyandiplomatswouldbe expelledand
those remainingwould have their movements re-
stricted. [4/29AN]
April30: Libyanauthoritiesorderedthe expulsion
of 108Britons,Spaniards,andItaliansin retaliation
for deportationsof Libyans in London, Madrid,
and Rome. [5/1 WP]
May 5: The New York Times cited reports that
Soviet-Libyanties were strainedover what Tripoli
considers Moscow's lukewarmsupport following
the US bombing.[5/6 NYT]
The leaders of Britain, Canada, France, Italy,
Japan, the US and West Germany, at a summit
meeting in Tokyo, issued a joint statement con-
demninginternationalterrorismand namingLibya
as a sourceof state-sponsoredterrorism.[5/6NYT]
May 8: The Pentagonofficiallyconfirmedfor the
first time that US planes accidentallyhit civilian
areas in the April 15 raids. [5/9 NYT]
May 9: The Spanishgovernmentexpelled the Lib-
yan consul in Madrid,chargingthat he had orga-
nized meetingsin Libya between Qadhdhafiand a
SpanishArmy colonel seeking financingfor right-
wing activities in Spain. [5110WP]
The Libyan People's Bureau in Madriddenied
that its consul generalhad been in contact with the
officer. [5/12 FBIS]
May 10: The SpanishInteriorMinistryannounced
that police had arrested 10 members of an inter-
nationalterroristring funded by Libya and plan-
ning attacks on US interests in Spain. Three Leb-
anese, a Jordanian,a Syrian,four Spaniardsand a
Portuguese were reported held. The group was
knownas "The Call of Jesus Christ." [5/11 WP]
May 12: Tripoli radio reported that Libya had
expelled 36 foreign diplomats from Italy, West
Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Bel-
gium, and Denmark in retaliationfor European
moves againstLibyandiplomats.[5/12 FBIS]
May 21: A Greek officialsaid his governmenthad
recently quietly expelled several Libyans sus-
pected of recruitingArabs for terroristactivities.
[5/22WP]
May22: US officialssaidAmericanintelligencehad
detected evidence that Libyan terror plots were
still underwaydespite the US raid on Libya. [5/23
NYT]
May23: The New YorkTimesreportedthat former
LibyandiplomatMuhammadAshurhad been mur-
dered in May in East Berlin, reportedlyby agents
of Qadhdhafiwho believed he was an informerto
the West about Libyanlinks to terroristactivities.
[5/23NYT]
The Italian Foreign Minister said eight more
Libyan diplomats had been expelled, three for
"activities incompatible with their status." [5/24
AN]
May 26: Staff Major Jallud, second-in-command in
Libya, arrived in Moscow for an official visit. [5/27
AN]
May 27: In a meeting in Moscow with Jallud,
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev pledged support
for Libya but issued a warning against terrorist acts
that could serve as "pretexts" for "imperialist
attacks." [5/28 WP]
May 29: Italian authorities ordered the expulsion of
12 Libyans as "undesirable" bringing the total
ordered to leave in the past month to 56. [5/30 WP]
May 31: A Libyan-Soviet joint communique broad-
cast by Tripoli radio announced that the Soviet
Union had agreed to strengthen Libyan defense
capabilities. [6/2 FBIS]
June 5: Arab News reported that thousands of
Ghanaian teachers had been sent home after En-
glish was abolished as Libya's second language
following the US air raids. [6/5 AN]
June 7: American Staff Sgt. James E. Goins,
wounded in the April 5 discotheque bombing in
West Berlin, died of his wounds, becoming the
third fatality. [6/9 NYT]
June 9: The US House of Representatives voted to
order five American oil companies to leave Libya
by June 30. [6/10 NYT]
June 13: The Washington Post reported that during
a televised speech, Qadhdhafi appeared noticeably
"dazed" and "dispirited," and that his condition is
obvious to Libyans. [6/13 WP]
June 16: Western diplomats said Libyan officials
were demanding a ransom or concessions from the
US in secret negotiations over the return of the
body of a US airman killed in the Apr. 15 air raid.
[6/17 CSM]
Pentagon officials said the US had asked the
Soviet Union to help secure the airman's body and
denied that there had been any secret negotiations
with Libya on the issue. [6/18 AN]
June 21: The US banned exports to third countries
intended for use in Libya's oil industry. [6/22 AN]
June 30: Five US oil companies-Occidental, Mar-
athon, Amerada Hess, Conoco, and W. R.
Grace-bowed to the Reagan administration's
deadline and officially ceased operations in Libya.
[7/1 WP]
July 9: Greek officials, despite earlier pro-Libyan
statements, said the number of Libyan diplomats in
Athens would be substantially reduced. Libyan
officials denied they had been asked to reduce
personnel in Greece. [7/10 NYT]
July 12: Pentagon officials said the US Navy had
been carrying out unannounced flights off Libya for
the past several weeks. [7/13 WP]
Morocco
(See also, Regional Affairs, Algeria, Egypt)
1986
April 16: A Briton was killed and two others were
wounded by a knife-wielding attacker in Mar-
rakesh. [4/17 AN]
May 13: French Embassy officials in Rabat re-
vealed that the local heads of two French compa-
nies had been in jail since the previous week on
charges of embezzlement and corruption. [5/15
AN]
May 23: Four Israeli Knesset members originally
from Morocco arrived in Casablanca as guests of
the local Jewish community to celebrate the Lag
Ba Umar pilgrimage. [5/23 JP]
June 3: Jordan's news agency reported that the
Moroccan Embassy in Amman had denied reports
that Israeli Jews had been permitted to attend the
"Jewish congress" in Morocco, but said that Mo-
roccan law considered "anyone of Moroccan na-
tionality to be maintaining his nationality regard-
less of other nationalities he may have." [6/4 FBIS]
June 6: Moroccan activist Muhammad Dudu ac-
cused Spanish officials of illegally expelling at least
four Muslims from Melilla, the Spanish enclave on
Morocco's coast, and of harassing the city's 30,000
Muslim residents. Spanish officials denied the
charges. [6/7 AN]
June 8: King Hassan pardoned 101 prisoners to
mark the Id al-Fitr feast at the end of the holy
month of Ramadan. [6/9 AN]
June 10: Arab News reported that Abd al-Latif
Awad, director of the leftist weekly Anwal, had
been arrested and held for 24 hours the weekend
before. [6/11 AN]
June 12: PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat and PLO
Executive Committee members Faruq Qaddumi
and Abd al-Rahim Ahmad paid a "surprise visit"
to Casablanca. Arafat reportedly chaired a meeting
there of the Palestine National Fund's Administra-
tive Council which discussed the fund's "huge
deficit" caused by the failure of some Arab states
to meet their financial obligations to the PLO. [6/13
FBIS]
June 16: Dudu said he would hold a vote June 22,
the day of Spain's general election, to choose
Moroccan origin representatives for Melilla in or-
der to protest Madrid's failure to grant Spanish
nationality to 4200 people who asked for it. [6/17
AN]
June 19: Spaniards and Muslims clashed in Melilla
after a group of soccer fans reportedly insulted
Dudu outside his house. [6/20 AN]
709

Oman
(See also, Egypt, Jordan,Lebanon, UAE)
1986
April 17: The ForeignMinistryannouncedthat all
"opposition and misguided elements" who re-
turned to Oman before Dec. 31, 1986, would be
assisted by the government in findingjobs and
resettlingin the country. [4/17FBIS]
May 28: The Omani and Jamaicangovernments
announced the establishmentof diplomatic rela-
tions. [5/29 FBIS]
May 29: Sultan Qabus ibd Said announced the
establishmentof the officialOmaniNews Agency.
[5/29 FBIS]
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey)
1986
April 18: Oppositionleader Benazir Bhutto spoke
at a rallyof 75,000in Rawalpindiand calledfor the
resignationof PresidentZia al-Haq. [4/19 NYT]
April 20: Afghanistan'sBakhtarreportedthat 25
"Afghancounterrevolutionary elements" and four
Pakistaniofficialsdied in explosions in two camps
in Pakistan.[4/21 FBIS]
April 22: An estimated crowd of 100,000greeted
Bhutto at a rally in Northwest FrontierProvince.
[4/24 FBIS]
April 23: A curfew was imposed on the Karachi
suburb of Orangiafter Bihari-Pakhtunclashes in
which three people were killed. [4/24AN]
May 3: The British Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC) reportedthat there was a serious split that
had sparked violence among supporters of
Bhutto's People's party and the National Demo-
cratic party (NDP), both of which oppose the Zia
government,especiallyover the issue of provincial
nationalismsupportedby the NDP. [5/5 FBIS]
May3: Two men died in a blastin a students'hostel
in Lahore in a room occupied by an officialof the
Shi'i ImamiaStudentsOrganization.[5/4 AN]
May 4: At a rally in Karachi estimated to have
drawna quarterof a millionpeople, Bhuttothreat-
ened to mobilizeher supportersagainstthe govern-
ment if PresidentZia al-Haqfailedto set a date for
elections. [5/5 NYT]
May 6: Six people died and 18 were injuredin two
bomb blasts in Northwest FrontierProvince. Po-
lice said they suspectedan Afghansecret agentwas
responsiblefor one of the blasts. [5/ AN]
May 8: Thirty-seven people died when a bus
plungedinto a riverin PunjabProvince.[5/9 NYT]
710
May 10: Five people were injuredin a gunfightin
Karachithat eruptedafter a bus accident in which
a boy died. At least 40 people were arrestedafter
the fight between rival groups of Pakhtunsfrom
Northwest Frontier Province and Urdu-speaking
settlersfrom India. [5/11AN]
May 11: Police used tear gas to disperse riotersin
the thirdday of disturbancesin Karachi.An indef-
inite curfew was imposedon the city. [5/12WP]
May 13: Karachiradio reportedthat Pakistanhad
lodged a strong protest with Afghanistanover a
numberof recent cross-borderattacksthat caused
a numberof casualtiesinside Pakistan.[5/14FBIS]
May 14:Zia issued a decree, backdatedto Dec. 30,
1985 (when martiallaw ended), protectingPrime
MinisterMuhammadKhan Junejofrom losing his
parliamentaryseat for violatingthe 1979 political
partieslaw. JunejoandotherMuslimLeaguemem-
bers hadjoined the party before it was registered
by the election commissionin February.[5/15AN]
May 16: Police in Karachiarrested30 people and
seized a numberof bombs and weapons in house-
to-house searches after a gun battle between
Biharisand Pakhtuns.[5/17AN]
May 17: PakistaniAir Forcejets shot down one of
four Afghan warplanes that flew into Pakistan's
KhurramTribal Agency, according to Pakistani
officials.[5/18WP]
Zia repealed a decree banning parliamentary
deputiesfrom becomingpartypoliticiansafter Na-
tionalAssemblySpeakerSyed FakhirImamagreed
to the proposingof a motion by an independent
parliamentarygroup to unseat Prime Minister
Junejo after he formed his own political party.
Reportedly, Zia was backing efforts to remove
Imam, whom he considers too independent.[5/18
AN]
Junejo said the Muslim League would move a
no-confidencemotion against Imam the following
week. [5/19AN]
May 20: Police sources said about 5000 police had
launchedan anti-banditrydrive in Sind Province
following the kidnappingthe week before of a
brotherof a formerpolice inspectorgeneral. [5/21
AN]
May 21: The Afghan governmentdenied that an
AfghanAir Force plane had been shot down over
PakistanMay 17. [5/22FBIS]
May 25: The ForeignMinistrysaid Afghanforces
had heavily bombarded posts near where the Af-
ghanjet was shot down, and said a strongprotest
had been lodged. [5/26NYT]
May 26: The National Assembly passed a no-
confidence motion against Speaker Fakhir Imam
by a vote of 152to 72 aftera day-longdebateduring
which ImamaccusedJunejoof hypocrisy,and said
he was being victimizedbecause he was trying to
keep the governmentaccountableto the law. [5/27
AN]
May 27: Bombs damaged three offices of Saudi
Airlines in Karachi and killed a security guard
outside a Pan Am office. [5/28 WP]
Another blast occurred at the Saudi Arabian
consulate general. [5/28 FBIS]
May 28: The Washington Post quoted reports from
human rights organizations that between 200 and
400 political prisoners remained in Pakistani jails.
[5/28 WP]
Police sources in Karachi said seven Libyans
and a number of Iranians were being held in
connection with the bombings the day before. [5/29
AN]
May 30: Armed students seized a teaching hospital
in Hyderabad and took hostage six policemen
posted there after violence in which a student
leader was killed. [6/1 AN]
May 30: Seven people were reportedly injured in a
bomb explosion in Peshawar. [6/2 FBIS]
June 2: Pakistan's Muslim reported that 21 Afghan
refugees had been killed in a dispute over arms
distribution at their camp in southwestern Pakistan
the previous weekend. Other sources said the
dispute had tribal origins and did not involve arms.
[6/3 AN]
June 7: Thousands of supporters tore through a
police barricade at Lakarna airport to greet Benazir
Bhutto as she returned to her hometown.
A car bomb killed four people and wounded 30 in
a bazaar in Peshawar. [6/8 NYT]
June 8: Members of the leftist Awami Tehrik party
said their leader, Rasul Bakhsh Palejo, had been
freed from prison, where he had been since 1979.
[6/9 AN]
June 10: Bandits killed five policemen in an ambush
near the town of Dader. [6/13 AN]
June 16: A bomb in front of a Pehsawar cinema
killed three policemen and wounded 25 people. A
bomb on the Khyber Mail express train killed one
person and wounded 35. [6/17 NYT]
June 22: A bomb outside a police station in
Peshawar injured 22 people. [6/23 AN]
June 24: The Associated Press of Pakistan said
three Pakistani soldiers were killed by Afghan
shelling of a military post in western Baluchistan.
[6/25 AN]
July 5: Tens of thousands of antigovernment dem-
onstrators rallied in Karachi and other major cities
to observe the ninth anniversary of the overthrow
of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the
imposition of martial law. Benazir Bhutto resumed
her campaign to press for elections. [7/6 NYT]
July 8: The Senate unanimously adopted a consti-
tutional amendment that would pave the way for
full implementation of Islamic law. [7/9 AN]
July 13: A bomb exploded in a rest house at the
border settlement of Tier Mengal, killing 10 Afghan
refugees and injuring 15. [7/14 WP]
July 14: Prime Minister Junejo arrived in Washing-
ton for an official visit. [7/14 WP]
Qatar
(See also, Lebanon)
1986
April 26: Qatari soldiers occupied the island of
Fasht al-Dibal, claimed by both Qatar and Bahrain,
and captured 29 men working to build a Bahraini
Coast Guard station on the island. Doha radio had
earlier announced that the island was a Qatari
"exclusion zone." Both Qatar and Bahrain were
reportedly making military preparations in the
wake of the incident. [4/28 FBIS]
April 28: The UAE paper Al-Khalij reported that
Bahrain and Qatar had responded to urgent efforts
by Saudi Arabia and other Gulf Cooperation Coun-
cil (GCC) states to contain the conflict over Fasht
al-Dibal. [4/29 FBIS]
April 30: Manama's Gulf Daily News said "fears
were growing" for the safety of the 29 men ab-
ducted by Qatari forces from Fasht al-Dibal April
26. The paper said the men's whereabouts were
being kept secret. Twenty-four of the men were
Filipino, two were Thai, two British, and one
Dutch. [4/30 FBIS]
April 30: Diplomatic sources cited by Tehran radio
said that Qatar had begun withdrawing troops from
Fasht al-Dibal and that the 29 seized construction
workers would soon be permitted to return to
Bahrain. [5/1 FBIS]
May 1: A Dutch government envoy told the French
press agency (AFP) that those kidnapped from
Fasht al-Dibal were in good health and well
treated, and would be released soon. [5/2 FBIS]
May 3: Representatives of the GCC flew to Doha
for consultation with Qatari leader Shaykh Khalifa
ibn Hamad al-Thani, in a new effort to resolve the
Fasht al-Dibal dispute. [5/4 AN]
May 9: The London Press Association reported
that a brother of the amir, Shaykh Nasir ibn Hamad
al-Thani, was admitted to a London hospital with a
serious gunshot wound. [5/9 FBIS]
May 11: Authorities banned all civilian airline fights
over its territory "owing to military flying activi-
ties." [5/12 AN]
Bahraini sources said that "hundreds" of
Bahraini workers employed in Qatar had been
"suspended" and that some Bahraini students had
been "thrown out of colleges and deported." [5/12
FBIS]
May 12: Manama's Gulf Daily News accused
Qatari aircraft and naval vessels of violating
Bahrain's airspace and waters in recent days. [5/12
FBIS]
AFP reported that the captured Fasht al-Dibal
workers had been released and were enroute to
Bahrain. [5/12 FBIS]
May 19: Saudi Information Minister Ali al-Shair
said the leaders of Qatar and Bahrain had agreed to
the principles proposed by King Fahd to end the
Fasht al-Dibal dispute. [5/20 FBIS]
711
May 24: Arab press reports said Qatarhad ended
the "restriction" imposed on Fasht al-Dibal and
withdrawnthe militaryreinforcementson its west-
ern coast, as part of the agreement to end the
dispute. [5/27 FBIS]
May 25: The GCC Secretariatannouncedthat the
GCC commission charged with supervising the
Fasht al-Dibal agreementhad departedfor Qatar
and Bahrain.[5/27 FBIS]
May 26: Al-Khalij reported that the amirs of
Bahrainand Qatarhad agreedto restorethe Fasht
al-Dibalsituationto whatit was beforeApr. 26 and
had pledgedin writingnot to use militaryforce as
long as efforts were underwayto achieve a solu-
tion. [5/27 FBIS]
June 3: Amir Shaykh Khalifaibn Hamadal-Thani
pardoned83 prisonersto markthe end of the holy
monthof Ramadan.[6/4 AN]
June 4: Qatari forces began withdrawingfrom
Fasht al-Dibal, at the same time as Bahrainirein-
forcements began withdrawingfrom the Hawar
Islands, accordingto "Gulf sources." [6/6 FBIS]
June 15: Bahrainand Qatar simultaneouslywith-
drew their forces from their borders. [6/16AN]
Saudi Arabia
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Regional
Affairs,Afghanistan,Qatar,Syria)
1986
April 23: The US Senate ForeignRelationsCom-
mittee and the House Foreign AffairsCommittee
voted to prevent the sale of advancedmissiles to
Saudi Arabia.[4/24 NYT]
May 6: The US Senate voted 73 to 22 to rejectthe
proposed arms sale to Saudi Arabia, markingthe
first time the body had ever explicitly rejected a
proposedarms sale. [5/6 WP]
May 7: The House of Representativesrejectedthe
missile sale by a vote of 356 to 62. [5/8 NYT]
May 16: A WhiteHouse spokesmansaid President
Reaganhad invitedabouta dozen leadersof Amer-
ican Jewish organizationsto the WhiteHouse May
19 in an effortto enlist their supportfor the Saudi
arms sale. [5/17 NYT]
May 20: PresidentReaganwithdrewthe proposed
sale of shoulder-firedStinger antiaircraftmissiles
from the military aid package to Saudi Arabia
hopingCongresswould not overridea presidential
veto of resolutionsblockingthe sale. [5/21WP]
May 21: Reaganvetoed a congressionalresolution
banningthe arms sale to SaudiArabia,but the test
on sustainingthe veto was postponed to June 5.
[5/22 WP]
May 22: King Fahd promoted Prince Khalid ibn
Sultanibn Abd al-Aziz to majorgeneraland com-
manderof the air defense forces. [5/23AN]
712
Syrian Vice President Abd al-Halim Khaddam
arrivedfor a one-day visit with a message from
PresidentHafizal-Asadto King Fahd. [5/23FBIS]
May 27: Shaykh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, the
amir of Bahrain, arrived in Saudi Arabia for an
officialvisit. [5/28FBIS]
June 3: President Reagan met with Republican
congressionalleadersand asked for supporton the
Saudiarmssale, sayingit would "have a profound
effect" on US relations with Arab states. [6/4
NYT]
KingFahdmet PakistaniPresidentZia ul-Haqin
Mecca where the latter had come to performthe
lesser pilgrimage.[6/4 AN]
June 5: The Senate narrowlysustained President
Reagan'sveto of a congressionalresolutiondisap-
provingthe Saudiarms sale. [6/6 WP]
June 14: US officialssaid the US and SaudiArabia
had concludedagreementsto clear the way for the
Saudis to take possession of the first of five
AWACS planes sold in 1981. The accords are
designedto insurethatthe informationgatheredby
the planes will not fall into hostile hands nor be
used againstIsrael. [6/15 NYT]
June 18: Reagan informed Congress that Saudi
Arabia had met conditions for the receipt of the
AWACsplanes. [6/19WP]
July 9: King Hussein of Jordanended a two-day
officialvisit. [7/10AN]
South Yemen
1986
April 22: Khalid Umar Junayd was appointeddi-
rector generalof the Secretariatof the Council of
Ministers.[4/24 FBIS]
May7: Aden radioannouncedthat "a groupof 552
people involvedin the ominous 13Januaryplot led
by conspirator" former president Ali Nasir
Muhammadhad been releasedas partof a general
amnesty. [5/8 FBIS]
May 24: In Beirut,Al-Naharreportedthat the US
had promisedto provideopponentsof the Soviet-
backed regimewith militaryand other aid to help
them seize power.The offerwas allegedlymadeby
Vice President George Bush in a meeting with
opposition leaders in Sanaa, North Yemen, Apr.
11. [5/25NYT]
June 3: Councilof MinistersChairmanYasir Said
Numan arrivedin Moscow at the beginningof an
officialvisit. [6/4 FBIS]
June 4: Al-Khalijreported30 to 40 formerpromi-
nent membersof the party, state, and armedforces
had fled to North Yemen in the past 3 months. [6/5
FBIS]
Aden radio reportedthat 228 "misled" persons
involvedin "the futile 13 Januarycoupist conspir-
acy" had been released accordingto the general
amnestydecree, bringingthe totalof those released
to 270. [6/5 FBIS]
June 6: Former fisheries minister Muhammad
Akush, who recentlyleft SouthYemen, said a new
power struggle was underwayin Aden over the
amnesty and that President Haydar Abu Bakr
al-Attashad survivedthreeassassinationattempts.
[6/7 AN]
June 9: Al-Watan reported that "informed
sources" in North Yemen had said that South
Yemen authorities had exiled 850 supportersof
deposed chairman Ali Nasir Muhammadto the
island of Socotra. [6/1I FBIS]
July5: PresidentHaydaral-Attasreturnedto Aden
following an official visit to Syria and Libya. [7/6
AN]
Sudan
1986
April 16: US officials ordered the evacuation of
about 200 dependentsof AmericanEmbassy per-
sonnel in Sudanfollowingthe April 15woundingin
Khartoumof WilliamJ. Cokals, the communica-
tions officer, by an unknowngunman.Large anti-
US demonstrationswere reportedin Khartoumin
the wake of the Aprilraidon Libya. [4/17NYT]
Civilaviationworkersdemandinghigherpay and
better working conditions shut down Khartoum
Airportfor about 24 hours. [4/17 FBIS]
April 17: Sadiqal-Mahdi'sUmmapartywon 97 of
207 declared seats in the ConstituentAssembly
election. Party officials said they would form a
nationalunity government.[4/18 FBIS]
The Sudanese press agency (SUNA) said the
forces of rebel leader John Garanghad suffered
heavy losses in the Rumbekand Yirolareas, partly
as a result of Dinka and Lutukatribal infighting.
[4/18 FBIS]
April 18: The "Martyr Faris Abdallah Khabbas
unit" of the PalestinianBlack Septembergroup
claimed responsibilityfor shooting US Embassy
employee WilliamCokalson April 15 and said the
act was in retaliationfor the US attack on Libya.
[4/18FBIS]
April 20: Of the 28 seats allocated for university
andtechnicalgraduates,the NationalIslamicFront
won 23, the People's Progressiveparty won two,
and the Sudanese AfricanCongressand Commu-
nist partiesand the PoliticalAlliancefor Southern
Sudaneach won a seat. [4/21 FBIS]
April21: The TransitionalMilitaryCouncil(TMC)
reportedlyagreed to postpone the first session of
the newly elected constituentassembly untilApril
30 at the requestof politicalparties.The delay will
enable the formationof a nationalunity govern-
ment and give deputies from remoteareas time to
reach the capital. [4/22AN]
April 23: Two Umma party officials arrived in
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,to begin peace talks with
rebelrepresentatives.ReportsfromKhartoumsaid
the party would invite the SPLA to participatein
the new government.[4/24AN]
April24: Mahdipledgedto abrogateIslamicSharia
law introducedin 1983by deposed presidentJafar
al-Numayri.[4/25WP]
TMC ChairmanGen. Abd al-RahmanSiwar al-
Dhahabhandedover the positionof ArmedForces
commanderto Lieut. Gen. Taj al-Din Abdallah
Fadl. The new commandersaid the armyhad been
harmedby its involvementin politics and would
begin a "new march"after handingpower to the
people. [4/25 FBIS]
April 25: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army
(SPLA)radioclaimedthat rebel forces had routed
govemmenttroops and captureda key garrisonin
the southerntown of Ler.
In Addis Ababa, SPLA officials reportedlyre-
jected an offer by the Umma party to join a
government of national unity, and called for a
constitutionalconference and new general elec-
tions. [4/26WP]
April 26: The first democraticallyelected parlia-
ment in two decades opened in Khartoum, as
thousandsof Sudanese celebrated in the streets.
The legislature'sfirst act was to give the TMC 10
more days in power until a nationalunity govern-
ment could be formed. [4/17NYT]
Siwar al-Dhahabannounced the dissolution of
the TMC and the Councilof Ministersduringthe
inauguralsession of the Constituent Assembly,
which extended the powers of the TMC and the
council to May 6, in order to leave time for
formationof a national unity government. [4/28
FBIS]
April 27: Mahdi played down the rejection by
southernrebels of his offer to join in a national
unity government. He said, "the basic plan re-
mainsthata nationalconstitutionalconferencewill
be heldto lay down the foundationsof a settlement
in the south." Rebel leader John Garang had
reportedlytacitly agreedto attendthe conference,
scheduledfor June. [4/28AN]
April29: Ummapartyofficialsreturningfromtalks
withSPLArepresentativesin AddisAbabasaid the
rebelgrouphadagreedto participatein a proposed
constitutionalconference. [4/30 FBIS]
Defense Minister Uthman Abdallah said the
southerntown of Rumbek,seized by the SPLA in
March,was under"tightseige" by the army. [4/30
FBIS]
May 1: SPLA radio said 13 govemment soldiers
died and 11 were woundedby an SPLA landmine
between Jumayyaand Mongalla.[5/2 FBIS]
May 2: INF Politburo member Ali Uthman
MuhammadTaha said the INF would not partici-
pate in the proposedgovernmentunless the gov-
ernment'schartertakes into considerationIslamic
law. [5/5 FBIS]
713
 Reportedlythe chartercalls for the abrogationof
Sharia law and its replacementby laws "in line
with" Quranicprecepts, respect for the rights of
non-Muslims,a ceasefire in the south, and recog-
nition of the special natureof the south. No party
refusingto abide by the charterwill be allowed to
join the new government.[5/2 AN]
May 4: A DUP officialannouncedthat agreement
had been reached on the compositionof the new
government,and that the Umma party would re-
ceive eight ministerialportfolios,the DUP six, and
four would go to other parties. The INF would
receive two ministries,one each fromthe DUP and
the Umma party, if it agreed to participatein the
government.[5/5 FBIS]
May 6: Sadiq al-Mahdibecame prime ministerfor
the second time as the TMCturnedpower over to
the new Parliament.[5/7 WP]
MuhammadIbrahimKhalil of the Umma party
was elected speaker of the Assembly; and DUP
memberAhmadal-Mirghaniwas elected chairman
of the five-memberState Council. [5/ FBIS]
May 7: SUNA reportedthat the southerntown of
Rumbek had been recapturedfrom rebel forces
followinga long seige.
Prime Ministeral-Mahdi,in his first speech to
the constituent Assembly, said his government's
firsttask would be to preparefor a nationalconsti-
tutional conference and to find a solution to the
southernquestion. [5/8 FBIS]
May 8: An SPLA spokesmanrejected al-Mahdi's
call for a ceasefire. [5/9 FBIS]
May 10: Al-Mahdireached agreementwith south-
ern parties on their participationin the coalition,
four days after 36 southerndeputieswalkedout of
the Assembly in protestat Ummapartyand Dem-
ocratic Unionist party domination.Southernpar-
ties will receive a numberof Cabinetposts propor-
tionate to the southernpopulation,with the exact
numberto be allocatedfollowingthe completionof
voting in the south. [5/11WP]
May 15: SUNA announced the new Cabinet ap-
pointments:
Zayn al-Abidinal-Hindi:Deputy Prime Minister
and Foreign Minister
Sayyid Ahmadal-Husayn:Interior
Husayn SulaymanAbu Salih:Health
MuhammadYusuf Abu Hurayh:Housing
MuhammadTawfiqAhmad:Information
TahirGaylani:Commerce
Adam Musa Madibou:Defense
Umar Nur al-Dayim:Agriculture
Bashir Umar:Finance
BakriAhmadAdil: Irrigation
Mubarakal-Fidil:Energy
Salahal-DinAbd al-Salamaal-Khalifa:Presiden-
tial Affairs
IsmailAbu Bakr Ahmad:Animal Wealth
Joshua Dewal: Local Government
SerafinoWani: Transportand Communications
Abd al-Mahmudal-HajjSalih:AttorneyGeneral
714
WalterKoni Juwat:Labor and Civil Service
Khalid MuhammadAhmad Yahi: Peace and
National ConstitutionalConferenceAffairs. [5/15
FBIS]
May 15: People's Progressiveparty leader James
Sarordeniedany consensusby southernpartieson
the election of PacificoLado Lolek as a memberof
the SupremeCouncil, and said he should resign.
[5/16FBIS]
May 18: Eight persons includingBand Aid official
MarkFletcher, MakourDeshgai, the governorof
the Lakes Province, and Anglican Bishop John
Malow of Wau, died when rebels fired at the
militaryplanethey were flyingin over the Rumbek
area. [5/19FBIS]
May21: SPLA radioannouncedthat SPLA troops
had occupied the Tali District near Mundri in
EquatoriaProvince. [5/22 FBIS]
May 23: SPLA radio declared that foreign relief
workersin the south would be guaranteedsafety if
they had "no record of collaboration with the
Khartoumauthorities,"avoidedthe use of govern-
menttransportfacilities,andwere attentiveto "the
movement'sdirectives"on relief operations.[5/27
FBIS]
May 24: G. NormanAndersonwas appointedUS
ambassadorto Sudan, replacingHume Alexander
Horan. [5/25NYT]
May 25: SUNA reportedthat 3000 SPLA fighters
had defected to the rival Anya Ya II group, which
backs the new government.[5/26]
May 27: SPLA radio reportedthat SPLA troops
had scored victories against government forces
near the towns of Torit and in Bor, and had
ambushed a convoy on the Juba-Nimularoad,
causing "heavy casualities." [5/28FBIS]
May29: Al-Mahdiannouncedhe wouldwork with-
out pay as a gesture to help the economy. [5/31
AN]
May31: SPLAradioreportedforces hadintensified
their seige of the town of Rumbek, inflicting
"heavy casualties" on government forces. [6/2
FBIS]
June3: Al-Mahdipostponeda scheduledtripto the
south. [6/4 AN]
June 9: SPLA radio reported that SPLA forces
raided the town of Bentiu June 2, causing heavy
governmentcasualties. [6/10 FBIS]
SPLA radio reported that rebel forces had
"launched a successful raid" on a government
militiatrainingcenterin Farajok,easternEquatoria
Provinceon May30, killingsix governmenttroops.
[6/11FBIS]
June 12: Sources in Navaly said Lam Akol,
secretary-generalof the Sudanese African Con-
gress, a partyincludedin the rulingcoalition, had
defected to the SPLM. [6/13AN]
June 16: Zubayr Rajab, former chairmanof the
Military Economic Corporationunder Numayri,
was sentenced to 49 years in jail and fined for
corruption.[6/17AN]
June 25: Talks in Addis Abababetweenrebels and
a government-backeddelegationappearedin trou-
ble after rebels accused the Khartoumdelegation
of arrivingwithout serious proposals.[6/26AN]
June 30: Governmentofficials said 33 rebels had
died in a battle at EquatoriaProvince the week
before. [7/1 AN]
July 3: Sudan's PresidentAhmad Ali al-Mirghani
arrivedin Cairofor an officialvisit. [7/4 AN]
July 7: The new Parliamentconvened after a
week's delay which the government said would
give faraway members time to reach Khartoum.
[7/7 WP]
July 8: Sudanese lawyers filed suit in Cairo to
demand the extradition of deposed leader Jafar
al-Numayri,who faces trial in Khartoumon cor-
ruptionand treason charges. [7/9 AN]
Syria
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, South Yemen)
1986
April 17: Voice of Lebanon reported that more
than 150 people had died in bomb explosions in
Tartus,Mashtaal-Hulu,Homs, Masyaf,and Safita
on April 15, including26 Syriansoldiersin Tartus,
and that "a wave of arrests"had been carriedout.
[4/18 FBIS]
April19:SyrianofficialsaccusedIsraelof engineer-
ing the wave of recent bomb attacks in which at
least 27 died. Israeli officialsdenied any involve-
ment. In Paris, an anonymouscaller said the Oc-
tober 17Movementfor the Liberationof the Syrian
People was responsible for several of the bomb-
ings. [4/20 WP]
April23: Defense MinisterMustafaTalasacknowl-
edged thatrecent "terroristacts" in northernSyria
had caused 73 casualties. [4/28FBIS]
April 24: Voice of Lebanon radio reported that
three bomb explosions in Tartus April 23 caused
over 20 casualties, and that authoritiesstormed
houses, arresting63 people. [4/25FBIS]
April 28: PresidentHafiz al-Asadbeganan official
visit to Yugoslavia.[4/27AN]
April29: The Jordan Timessaid that Syriansecur-
ity sources had revealed that authoritieshad ar-
rested two men tryingto plantbombsin Damascus
the week before, and thata 10-memberganglinked
to Israeli intelligencehad been arrestedfor recent
bombingattacks. Israelisources cited by the Jeru-
salem Post denied that Mossad agents had been
arrestedin Syria. [4/29FBIS]
A Lebanese citizen was publicly executed for
plantinga bomb in Damascus March 13. Syria's
news agency (SANA) said he was an Iraqi agent.
[4/30FBIS]
May 1: Radio Free Lebanon reported that Maj.
Gen. Ali Haydar was under house arrest for his
"open criticism" of Vice PresidentAbd al-Halim
Khaddam'sLebanon policy, and said there was
"tension and rebellion" in the special units com-
mandedby Haydar.[5/2 FBIS]
FBIS reportedthat duringhis visit to Belgrade,
Asad had met with West GermanForeignMinister
Hans-DietrichGenscher, and the two reportedly
discussed responses to terrorism.[5/1 FBIS]
May 5: The US State Departmentissued a state-
ment calling on Syria to expel the Abu Nidal
terroristorganizationfrom territoryunderits con-
trol. [5/6 NYT]
May 7: Damascus radio revealed that 140 people
had been killed and 149 woundedin bomb attacks
on militarybases the monthbeforeand saidauthor-
ities had arrestedthe "Iraqiagents" responsible.
Palestiniansources in Damascus reported that a
numberof SyrianArmyofficershad been arrested
in connectionwith the bombings.[5/8 JP]
May 9: Iraqi Culture and InformationMinister
Latif Nusayyif Jair denied the Syrian allegations.
[5/9 FBIS]
Syrian authoritiessaid they had officially pro-
tested to West Germanyover allegationsof Syrian
involvementin the bombingof the BerlinGerman-
ArabFriendshipSociety. [5/9 NYT]
May 15: Reaganadministrationofficialssaid it was
"premature"to draw any conclusions about Syr-
ian complicity in recent acts of terrorism. [5115
NYT]
May 16: FBIS quoted press sources in the UAE,
Kuwait, and Lebanon which said Syrian officials
had asked Iranto end "provocations"in the Gulf,
especially against Saudi Arabianinstallationsand
shipping, and that the change in Syrian-Iranian
relations was causing tension in Lebanon among
the armedforces backedby the two powers. [5/16
FBIS]
May 17: Asad condemnedReagan for his verbal
attackson Syriaand for the US bombingof Libya
in April, saying US action had frozen US-Arab
cooperationon a wide range of issues, including
Syrianefforts to free Americanhostages in Leba-
non. He also denied that either Syriaor Israel had
undertakenany recent unusualtroop movements.
[5/18WP]
May 18: Asad denied that Syria's problems with
Lebanon's Iranian-backedHizballah group were
linkedto misunderstandings with Iran, saying that
the disagreementwith Hizballahwas due to the
group'skidnappings.[5/19 FBIS]
May 19: MEES reported that Iran had cut back
crudeoil deliveriesto Syriabecause Syria had not
paid oil debts of $1.5 billion. [5/20MEES]
May 20: Reagan administrationofficials said the
CIA had been told by Italianauthoritiesthat the
sole terroristsurvivorof the Dec. 27 raid on the
715
Rome airport had said he had been trained by
Syrian agents in Lebanon's Biqa Valley. [5/21
NYT]
May21: Italianofficialssaid they could not confirm
press reportsaboutSyriancomplicityin the airport
attacks. [5/22 WP]
May 24: The Egyptianpress agency reportedthat
Maj.Gen. Mustafaal-Farusi,commanderof Syrian
forces on northern Lebanon, had died in "the
recent explosions in Syriantowns."
Jordan's King Hussein began an unannounced
visit to Damascus, where he met with Asad. [5/25
AN]
May 25: US administrationofficialssaid Syria had
sent several messages to the US in recent days
denyingany role in terroristactivities and seeking
dialoguewith the US. [5/26NYT]
May 26: Asad began an official visit to Greece.
[5/25AN]
May27: At a banquetin Athens, Asad stressedthe
"clear" differencebetween terrorismand the lib-
eration "struggleagainst colonialismand occupa-
tion," which he called a "right and a duty." He
said the Palestinians had sometimes committed
errors in their armed struggle,and said attacks in
Western Europe are "terroristoperationsand do
not benefitthe Palestiniancause." [5/28 FBIS]
JordanianPrime MinisterZayd al-Rifaiarrived
unexpectedly in Athens, reportedly to carry a
message from King Hussein to Asad concerning
Hussein's effortsto improveSyrian-Iraqirelations.
[5/28 FBIS]
May 28: Khaddam began talks with officials in
Moscow. [5/28 FBIS]
May 30: In an interview, PLO leader Yasir Arafat
said he had "information"that Rifaatal-Asad,the
brotherof PresidentAsad, would not returnfrom
Europe, and said Rifaat's new magazine"contra-
dicts aspects" of Syrianpolicy. [6/2 FBIS]
June 5: The Reagan administrationextended its
exportcontrolson ingredientsused to manufacture
chemical weapons to Syria. Officials said they
feared Syria had the capability to produce such
weapons and was helping Iran do the same. [6/6
WP]
June 5: Voice of Lebanon reportedthat a recent
explosion in Damascusthat caused over 300 casu-
alties hadbeen caused by a car bomb, not by faulty
gas cylinders,as the radiohadpreviouslyreported.
[6/6 FBIS]
June 10: Radio Free Lebanon reported that the
Syrian Defense Ministry had detained 16 Sunni
officerson charges of collaboratingwith the Mus-
lim Brotherhood,and that a growingsecret Sunni
group, the Organizationof Islamic Liberation,fi-
nanced by the PLO and supportedby the Muslim
Brotherhood, had been planting bombs in
Damascus"on an almostdaily basis." [6/11FBIS]
June 17: Araband Westerndiplomatssaid Iranhad
resumed shipmentsof cut-priceoil to Syria in an
716
apparenteffort to block a Syrian-Iraqireconcilia-
tion. [6/18WP]
Syrianand Iranianofficialsin Damascussigneda
protocol implementingstronger cultural ties be-
tween the two nations. [6/18AN]
June 24: Italian Interior Minister Oscar Scalfaro
said Italian judges had "concrete evidence" of
Syria's role in internationalterrorism.[6/25 NYT]
June30: Asad told visitingUS Rep. RobertDornan
(R-Calif.)he would press efforts to free US hos-
tages in Lebanon. [7/1 WP]
Tunisia
(See also, Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon)
1986
April17: In Tunis, a gasolinebombdamageda US
diplomat'scar parkednear the US Marineguards'
residence. [4/18 WP]
April 19: Prime Minister MuhammadMzali met
with French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac in
Paris. [4/20AN]
April 21: Oppositionleader AhmadMestiriof the
Socialist Democrat party was imprisoned on
charges of organizinga demonstrationin Tunis
April 16 to protestthe US bombingraidon Libya.
Police-studentclashes were reported at Tunis
University following the killing of a student by
securityforces who suspectedhim of being a thief.
[4/22FBIS]
April22: Mestiriwas sentenced to four monthsin
prison for unlawful assembly. The Tunisian
University's Humanities branch was closed by
authorities.[4/23 FBIS]
April 28: Prime Minister MuhammadMzali said
after a meeting with President Habib Bourguiba
that there had been a partialgovernmentreshuffle
and that he would no longer be InteriorMinister.
New ministerswere:
Zine LabdineBen Ali: Interior
RashidSfar:Finance and Economy
Salah Ben Mbarka:Energyand Mines
SalaheddinBen Mbarik:Industryand Trade.
ReportedlyBourguibareplacedMzalias Interior
Ministerbecause he advocated dialogue with the
opposition.[4/29FBIS]
The Minister of Higher Education announced
that all the country's establishments of higher
education would be consolidatedinto the univer-
sity system underdirectcontrolof the ministry"as
an effort to eliminatethe chaos that is caused by
some extremist groups in some university estab-
lishments." [4/29FBIS]
April30: Mestiriwas temporarilydischargedfrom
jail on health grounds pending a May 14 court
rulingon his appeal. [5/1 FBIS]
May2: HigherEducationMinisterAbd al-Azizben
Dhia said Bourguibahad decided to reopen the
ManoubaFaculty near Tunis. Reportedly,30 stu-
dents arrestedat a protestmarchApril21 were still
being detained. [5/4 AN]
May 5: Bourguibaappointed Umar al-Shadhlias
minister of higher education and scientific re-
search, and Abd al-Aziz Benzia as minister of
nationaleducation. [5/6 FBIS]
May 6: Lebanese PresidentAmin Gemayel began
an officialvisit. [5/6 AN]
May 10: The Frenchpress agency (AFP) reported
that the two mainoppositionparties'newspapers,
Al-Mustaqbaland al-Tariq al-Jadida, had been
closed for six monthsfor publishing"false news."
[5/13 FBIS]
May 12: Bourguibareplaced Ministerof Culture
Bashir ibn Salam with Zakamaibn Mustafa, the
mayor of Tunis, in what was considereda further
erosion of the position of PrimeMinisterMuham-
mad Mzali. [5/13AN]
In Paris,TunisianHabibMuammarconfessed to
takingpartin three bombingsin Parisand London,
including the Feb. 1986 bomb attack outside a
departmentstore in Parisin whichone persondied
and 15 were injured.[5/13AN]
Paris radio reportedthat the detainedTunisian
had told police he received orders and explosives
from a PLO officialin Baghdad.[5/13 FBIS]
May20: Scientists said radiationlevels had soared
to more than 100times normalduringheavy rains,
between May 2-5, a week after the Soviet
Chernobylnuclearaccident. [5/21AN]
May 23: In an interview, PLO chief Yasir Arafat
said the PLO had informedTunisiathat it would
end its militarypresencethere, but thatits political
and administrativepresence would remain. [5/27
FBIS]
May 24: French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac
arrivedin Tunis for an officialvisit. [5/27 FBIS]
May29: Tunisia'spress agencyannouncedthat229
persons would be freed June I to mark the 31st
anniversaryof Bourguiba'sreturnfromexile. [5/30
AN]
June 14: A Tunis court rejected an appeal of
Mestiri'sfour-monthjail term,effectivelyeliminat-
ing him as a candidatefor the Novembergeneral
elections. Anyone sentenced to three months or
moreinjail is ineligibleaccordingto law. [6/15AN]
June 22: Bourguibapersonally named a new 90-
member Central Committee of the Destourian
party, normally chosen by ballot, as well as a
20-memberpolitical bureau. The new secretary-
general of the UGTT, Ismail Laraji, became the
firstunionrepresentativeon the politicalbureaufor
several years. [6/23 AN]
July 8: Bourguibadismissed PrimeMinisterMzali
and named Finance Minister Rashid Sfar as his
replacement.[7/9 NYT]
July 11: Fourmen were sentencedto death, two in
absentia, by a Tunis militarycourt for attacking
two police stationsand a bank. [7/12AN]
Turkey
(See also, Cyprus)
1986
April16: Five membersof the leftist Revolutionary
Path organizationwere arrested in Ordu. [4/17
TDN]
April 16: "A group of separatists" raided the
southeasternvillageof Bozkus, killingone manand
woundingfour others. [4/18TDN]
April 18: Turkish security forces arrested two
"foreigners"carryinga bomb outside the US of-
ficers' club in Ankara.[4/19WP]
Four Libyans were reportedly being held in
connectionwith the plannedattack, althoughLib-
yan sources said Libyahad "nothingto do with the
incident." [4/21 FBIS]
PrimeMinisterTurgutOzal met FrenchPremier
JacquesChiracin Paris. [4/19TDN]
The trial of 12 labor union activists arrested
duringa demonstrationon Feb. 22 began in Izmir.
[4/19TDN]
April24: A militarycourt in Adanasentenced five
members of the outlawed Turkish Communist
Workers'partyto death. [4/25AN]
April26: PrimeMinisterOzal accused Greek Pre-
mier AndreasPapandreouand Greek Cypriots of
pursuingthe unionof Cyprusand Greece and said
Turkeywouldneveraccepta solutionfor the island
which did not take its interestsinto account. [4/28
TDN]
April 28: The chief state prosecutorsaid that two
Libyansarrestedthe week beforeandchargedwith
conspiringto blow up an Americanofficers'club in
Ankarahadbeen suppliedwith explosives by three
LibyanEmbassypersonnel.[4/29 NYT]
April 30: Former prime minister Sulayman
Demirel,bannedfrompartyactivities, was met by
thousandsof supportersat Istanbul'sAtaturkAir-
port. [5/2 AN]
May 1: The AnatolianNews Agency reportedthat
a groupof 20 prisonersin Adana Prison had been
on a hungerstrike since April 28 to protest prison
conditions.[5/2 TDN]
Nine members of an "illegal separatist leftist
organization"were arrestedin Ankarafor distrib-
utingbannedleafletsthe year before. [5/2 TDN]
May 2: The Turkish Foreign Ministry said three
Libyans wanted in connection with an attemptto
bomba US officers'club in Ankarahad diplomatic
immunityand could not be tried. [5/3 WP]
May 3: The hunger strike by prisonersin Adana
reportedlyended. [515 TDN]
717
May4: The NationalistDemocraticpartydissolved
itself, and chairmanUlku Soylemzoglusaid he and
former Turkish Union of Chambers president
MehmetYazarwouldforma new partyto unifythe
rightwing. [5/5 TDN]
At a press conferencein Urfa, Demirelcriticized
the bans againstformerpolitical leaders, but said
he had not encouragedthe crowds who turnedout
to meet him, and that he was not challengingthe
government.[5/4 TDN]
May 5: An earthquake in southeastern Turkey
measuring5.8 on the Richter scale killed 15 and
wounded 100. [5/6 NYT]
May 6: Editor-in-ChiefMetin Yilmaz of Sabah
went on trial in Istanbul for insulting Ozal. [5/7
TDN]
May 9: A new Turkish political party, the Free
Democratparty, was establishedby formerpresi-
dent of the TurkishUnion of Chambers,Mehmet
Yazar. Twenty-two of the 96 founding members
were from the dissolved Nationalist Democracy
Party. [5/10TDN]
In Erzurum,six police officerswere sentencedto
five years and four monthsin prisonfor torturinga
prisonerto death in Savsat, ArtvinProvince. [5/10
TDN]
May 12: The TurkishDaily News reported that
Demirelwas drawinghuge crowdsof supportersin
his tour of southeasternTurkey and that he was
setting the stage for a political comeback. [5/12
TDN]
Social Democrat Populatistparty leader Aydin
Gurkansharplycriticized Ozal for applaudingthe
transferof deputies to the Motherlandparty the
day before, in violation of the constitution,point-
ing out that one of the reasonsfor the 1980military
takeoverhad been deputytransfersbetween polit-
ical parties, and asking why there was "silence"
now. [5/12TDN]
Ozal denied the transfer of deputies from one
party to anotherviolated Article 84 of the consti-
tution. [5/13TDN]
May 13: The trialof five Libyans, two in absentia,
for the attemptedbomb attackon the US officers'
club began in Ankara.[5/13TDN]
The two Libyan defendantssaid they had been
torturedwhile in police detentionand that part of
their interrogationhad taken place in an office
where there was a US flag and where officials
spoke English. [5/14TDN]
In the trial of the NationalistMovementparty,
Eskisher Chapter, the Ankara Military Tribunal
sentenced one defendantto life in prison and 15
others to terms rangingfrom 5 to 36 years for
murder and for "setting up an organizationto
commit crimes." [5/14TDN]
A police officerand two membersof the Kurdish
Worker'spartydied in a clash nearKahtatownship
in AdiyamanProvince. [5/15TDN]
718
May 15: A militarycourt in Adana sentenced four
"left-wingmilitants"to death for terroristactivi-
ties before 1980. [5/17TDN]
May 20: The Libyan consul in Istanbul, Ali al-
Zayyani, was indicted for alleged involvement in
the plot to bomb the US officers' club in Ankara.
[5/12TDN]
May23: The heads of eight studentassociationsin
Izmir went on trial for publicizing problems in
student hostels without official permission. [5/24
TDN]
May 25: Separatistguerrillasambusheda military
vehicle in TunceliProvinceandkilledfour soldiers,
and in a separate clash in Siirt Province, three
separatistsdied in a clash with securityforces.
In Istanbul,a leftist engineerandfour university
students were arrestedfor taking part in terrorist
activities. [5/26TDN]
May 26: West German President Richard von
Weizsaeckerarrivedin Ankarafor the firstvisit by
a Westernhead of state since the 1980coup. [5/26
TDN]
May 27: Nuri Korkmazwas named secretarygen-
eral of the DemocraticLeft party, replacingNecat
Hamzaoglu.[5/28TDN]
May31: The TurkishDaily News reportedthat the
publicprosecutorof Izmirhaddemandedjail terms
of up to three years for 27 of 77 defendantson trial
for violating the law on rallies by shouting
unregisteredslogansduringa recentTurkishLabor
Union Confederation.(Turk-Is)rally. [5/31TDN]
June 3: AdnanOkhtar,a prominentMuslimtheo-
logian who had called in recent weeks for a state
based on Islamic law, was arrested in Istanbul,
accordingto press reports. [6/4 AN]
June 4: The Ankara public prosecutor said he
would indict formerPrimeMinisterBulent Ecevit
for deliveringa speech May 18to the conventionof
the Democratic Left party, headed by his wife
Rahsan. Ecevit is banned from active political
participation.[6/5 TDN]
State radio reported that security forces in
Adiyaman province had arrested 26 separatists
suspectedof terroristsacts. [6/5 TDN]
June 5: An Ankaracourt ruled that three of five
Libyans charged in the attempt to bomb the US
officers'club were protectedby diplomaticimmu-
nity from prosecution.[6/6 TDN]
June6: In Ankara,two Libyanswere convicted of
possession of explosives in the bombingattempt,
and sentencedto five years in prison. [6/7 NYT]
EuropeanCommunityofficials said they would
release an aid paymentof $10 million to Turkey,
blocked since the 1980coup. [6/7 AN]
June 12: Ozal said Turkishwarplanescarryingout
exercises over the Aegean might enter a new
civilianaircorridordeclaredunilaterallyby Greece
June 1. [6/14AN]
June 13: The TurkishDaily News said that the
Penal Council of the Court of Appeals had ruled
that no one can be prosecuted for being a
Jehovah'sWitness since "schools of thought"are
protectedby the Turkishconstitution.[6/13TDN]
June 16: Over Greek objections, the European
Communityscheduledits first meetingwith Turk-
ish officialsin six years, to be held in BrusselsSept.
16. [6/18AN]
June 17: In Adana, 19 leftists were sentenced to
death on charges of tryingto overthrowthe state
and killing48 people. Thirteenwere sentenced to
life in prison, and 156 received lesser prison sen-
tences. [6/18 AN]
June 19: EC commissionerClaude Cheysson ar-
rived in Ankarafor an officialvisit. [6/20AN]
June 25: In Ankara, three membersof the leftist
Partizan organization were sentenced to life in
prison, while nine others received lesser terms.
[6/20TDN]
Separatistsinsurgentsreportedlyraideda village
in Siirt Province, killingsix civilians. [6/27TDN]
July 1: PrimeMinisterTurgutOzalbeganan official
visit to North Cyprus. [7/2 AN]
July 2: In Ankara,four leftists were sentenced to
death by military court and 33 others received
prisonterms of from ten monthsto life. [7/3TDN]
July 4: Ozal announcedby-electionsfor October.
[7/7 AN]
July 8: The TurkishDaily News reported that
Parliamentwould debate Ozal's by-election draft
law proposalon July 10. The proposalimposes a
ban on any use of televisionor radioin the election
campaign,but permitspartiespreviouslyexcluded
from elections to participate.[7/8 TDN]
July 10: Pakistan's Prime Minister Muhammad
KhanJunejoarrivedin Turkeyfor an officialvisit.
[7/11AN]
UAE
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Regional
Affairs,Lebanon)
1986
May 27: Abu Dhabi authorities said they had
destroyed"a largequantity"of radiationcontam-
inated milk from Belgium, following the Soviet
nuclearaccidentat Chernobyl.[5/27 FBIS]
June 17:Diplomaticrelationswere establishedwith
Peru. [6/17FBIS]
June 21: Omani Sultan Qabus ibn Said began an
officialvisit to the UAE. [6/21AN]
Yemen
(See also, South Yemen)
1986
April 25: Arthur J. Pollick, a communications
officerat the US embassy in Sanaa, was shot and
woundedfrom a passingcar. [4/26 NYT]
June 7: The governmentreleased550 non-political
prisonersto markthe end of Ramadan.[6/8 AN]
719