AASHTO CFRP-

Prestressed Concrete Design

Training Course
 Design of Pretensioned Concrete
Bridge Beams with Carbon Fiber-
Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Systems
 COURSE OUTLINE
1. Introduction & References

2. Prestressing CFRP

3. Flexural Design

4. Shear Design

5. Prestressed Piles

6. Design Examples
3
4. SHEAR DESIGN
 SHEAR DESIGN

 Transverse Shear

 Interface Shear Transfer

 Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement

 Combined Shear and Torsion

5
 SHEAR DESIGN
B- and D-region

B-region -> Sectional model, conventional beam theory applicable

D-region -> Strut-and-Tie method

6
 SHEAR DESIGN
Transverse Shear Design
• Regions Requiring Transverse Reinforcement

• Shear Resistance

• Minimum Transverse Reinforcement

• Maximum Spacing of Transverse Reinforcement

• Deep Component

7
 SHEAR DESIGN
Regions Requiring Transverse Reinforcement
Transverse reinforcement shall be provided where

𝑉𝑢 > 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝

factored shear force

Or where consideration of torsion is required by

𝑇𝑢 > 0.25𝜙𝑇𝑐𝑟

factored torsional moment

[AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.8.2.1] [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.2.3] 8

 SHEAR DESIGN
Shear Resistance
Resistance factor [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.5.4.2]

𝜙 = 0.90 for shear and torsion in monolithic prestressed

concrete sections having bonded strands or tendons

𝜙 = 0.85 for shear and torsion in monolithic prestressed

concrete sections having unbonded or debonded
strands or tendons
𝑉𝑟 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛

Factored Shear Nominal Shear

Resistance Resistance

[AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.8.2.1] [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.5.4.2] 9

 SHEAR DESIGN
Nominal Shear Resistance
Contribution by concrete 𝑉𝑐 = 0.0316𝛽 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣

Contribution by transverse reinforcement

𝐴𝑓𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑑𝑣 cot𝜃
𝑉𝑓 =
𝑠
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝 For steel 𝑉𝑠 =
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑣 cot 𝜃 + cot 𝛼 sin 𝛼
𝑉𝑛 = min 𝑠
Contribution by prestressing force in the
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝 direction of the shear force ( 𝑉𝑝 = 0 for
straight strands, no draped)
𝑉𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒 ∙ 𝑛ℎ ∙ sin 𝛹
Effective shear depth
Effective web width

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.3] [AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.3.] 10

 SHEAR DESIGN
Nominal Shear Resistance FDOT Standard Specification 932-3:
the strength of 90 bent bar should be
Contribution by transverse FRP reinforcement greater than 60% guaranteed tensile
strength of straight bar

𝐴𝑓𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑑𝑣 cot𝜃

𝑉𝑓 =
𝑠
𝑟𝑏
𝑓𝑓𝑣 = 0.004𝐸𝑓 ≤ 𝑓𝑓𝑏 𝑓𝑓𝑏 = 0.05 + 0.3 𝑓𝑓𝑑 ≤ 𝑓𝑓𝑑
𝑑𝑏

𝑓𝑓𝑣 = design tensile strength of transverse reinforcement

𝑓𝑓𝑏 = design tensile strength of bended portion of FRP reinforcing bars
𝑓𝑓𝑑 = design tensile strength of FRP reinforcing bars considering reductions of service environment

[AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.3.5] 11

 SHEAR DESIGN
Effective web width and shear depth 𝑏𝑣 , 𝑑𝑣

𝑏𝑣 : effective web width taken as the minimum web thickness within the depth 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑣 : effective shear depth taken as the distance, measured perpendicular to the neutral axis, between the
resultants of the tensile and compressive forces due to flexure; it need not be taken to be less than
the greater of 0.9𝑑𝑒 or 0.72ℎ

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.2.8] [AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.2.8] 12

 SHEAR DESIGN
Procedures for Determining 𝛽 and 𝜃
Simplified Procedure
𝛽 = 5.0𝑘 𝜃 = 45°

𝑘 is the ratio of neutral axis to reinforcement depth

2
𝑘= 2𝜌𝑓 𝑛𝑓 + 𝜌𝑓 𝑛𝑓 − 𝜌𝑓 𝑛𝑓

𝐴𝑓 𝐸𝑓
𝜌𝑓 = 𝑛𝑓 =
𝑏𝑑 𝐸𝑐
[AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.5.3 & 2.7.3.6] 13
 SHEAR DESIGN
Procedures for Determining 𝛽 and 𝜃
General Procedure

 Sections containing at least the minimum amount of transverse reinforcement

𝐴𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛

 Sections containing less than the minimum amount of transverse reinforcement

𝐴𝑣 < 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4.2] [AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.3.6] 14

 SHEAR DESIGN
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4.2] 15

 SHEAR DESIGN
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛
Where consideration of torsion,
4.8 𝑉𝑢 shall be replaced by 𝑉𝑒𝑓𝑓
𝛽= 𝜃 = 29 + 3500𝜀𝑓
1 + 750𝜀𝑓
For solid sections:

2
0.9𝑝ℎ 𝑇𝑢
Net longitudinal tensile strain 𝑉𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑉𝑢 2 +
2𝐴0

𝑀𝑢 For hollow sections:

+ 0.5𝑁𝑢 + 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑉𝑝 − 𝐴𝑝𝑓 𝑓𝑝0
𝑑𝑣
𝜀𝑓 = 𝑇𝑢 𝑑𝑠
𝐸𝑓 𝐴𝑝𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑉𝑢 +
2𝐴0

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4.2] [AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.8.3.2] 16

 SHEAR DESIGN
Net longitudinal tensile strain
For usual levels of prestressing, a
value of 0.6 𝑓𝑝𝑢 will be appropriate
𝑀𝑢 for CFRP strands
+ 0.5𝑁𝑢 + 𝑉𝑢 − 𝑉𝑝 − 𝐴𝑝𝑓 𝑓𝑝0
𝑑𝑣
𝜀𝑓 =
𝐸𝑓 𝐴𝑝𝑓

area of prestressing CFRP on the

flexural tension side of the member
(exclude debonded strands)
effective shear depth

[AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.8.3.2] [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications Appendix B5] 17

SHEAR DESIGN

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4] 18

 SHEAR DESIGN
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑣 < 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4.2] 19

 SHEAR DESIGN
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑣 < 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛
4.8 51
𝛽= ∙
1 + 750𝜀𝑓 39 + 𝑠𝑥𝑒

𝜃 = 29 + 3500𝜀𝑓

1.38
𝑠𝑥𝑒 = 𝑠𝑥
𝑎𝑔 + 0.63

12 𝑖𝑛. ≤ 𝑠𝑥𝑒 ≤ 80 𝑖𝑛.

𝑎𝑔 : maximum aggregate size

[AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.3.6.2] [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.4.2] 20

 SHEAR DESIGN
Minimum Shear Reinforcement
ACI 440.4R-04:
𝑓𝑓𝑣 = 𝜙𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑓𝑢 ≤ 0.004 ∙ 𝐸𝑓
𝑏 𝑠
′ 𝑤
𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.75 𝑓𝑐 𝑟
𝑓𝑓𝑣 0.25 ≤ 𝜙𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 0.11 + 0.05 𝑓𝑓𝑢 ≤ 1.0
𝑑𝑏

AASHTO GFRP-2:
𝑓𝑓𝑣 = 0.004𝐸𝑓 ≤ 𝑓𝑓𝑏
𝑏𝑣 𝑠
𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.05 𝑟𝑏
𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑏 = 0.05 + 0.3 𝑓𝑓𝑑 ≤ 𝑓𝑓𝑑
𝑑𝑏

[ACI 440.4R-04 5.4] [AASHTO GFRP-2 2.7.2.4] 21

 SHEAR DESIGN
Maximum Spacing of FRP Transverse Reinforcement
ACI 440.4R-04:

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 ≤ 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75ℎ ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛.

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 > 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.375ℎ ≤ 12 𝑖𝑛.

AASHTO GFRP-2:

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑑 ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛. Minimum radius and tail

length of a stirrup bend

[ACI 440.4R-04 5.3] [AASHTO GFRP-2 2.7.2.6] 22

 SHEAR DESIGN
e.g. FIB/FSB • Find critical section and
corresponding 𝑉𝑢
𝐶
𝑏𝑣 • Compute 𝛽 and 𝜃
𝑑𝑣

𝑇 • Concrete contribution
𝑉𝑐 = 0.0316𝛽λ 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣

𝐶 • CFRP prestressing strand contribution

𝑑𝑣 (if straight strands, no draped)
𝑇
𝑉𝑝 = 0
𝑏𝑣

23
 SHEAR DESIGN
e.g. FIB/FSB (cont’d)
• Need to compute the amount of FRP transverse reinforcement for shear?
𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
No, if 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Provide ≥ , check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑣
Yes, if 𝑉𝑢 > 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Compute
𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝜙𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝 ≤ 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝 𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝐴𝑣 𝑑𝑣 Provide ≥
𝐴𝑣 𝑠 𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐴𝑣 Check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

24
 SHEAR DESIGN
a) Components in which the distance from the point of zero shear
to the face of the support is less than 2𝑑𝑝
Deep Component
b) Components in which a load causing more than ½ of the shear
at a support is closer than 2𝑑𝑝 from the face of the support use
[AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.6.3]
e.g. 𝑎) 𝑖𝑓 𝑙 < 2𝑑𝑝 𝑏) 𝑖𝑓 𝑉𝑃 > 0.5𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 < 2𝑑𝑝 [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.8.2]
𝑙 𝑃

𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝 𝑙

𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑉𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 𝑉𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 + 𝑉𝑃

Shear at the support caused by 𝑃
𝑉=0

25
 SHEAR DESIGN
Interface Shear Transfer
• Interface shear resistance

• Cohesion and friction factors

• Interface shear force for girder/slab bridges

• Interface shear in box girder bridges

• Minimum area of interface shear reinforcement

26
 SHEAR DESIGN
Interface shear transfer shall be considered across a given plane at:

 An existing or potential crack

 An interface between dissimilar materials

 An interface between two concretes cast at different time

 The interface between different elements of the cross-section

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4] 27

 SHEAR DESIGN
Shear displacement along an interface plane may be resisted by
composite slab
 Cohesion

 Aggregate interlock
girder
 Shear friction

𝑉𝑄 𝑉 unit length 𝑉
𝑣ℎ = 𝑣ℎ ≅ 𝑣ℎ ≅
𝐼𝑏 𝑏𝑑 𝑑

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4] 28

 SHEAR DESIGN
Interface Shear Resistance
Resistance factor

𝑉𝑟𝑖 = 𝜙𝑉𝑛𝑖 ≥ 𝑉𝑢𝑖

Factored interface shear force due to total
Factored Interface Shear Resistance load based on the applicable strength and
extreme event load combinations

Nominal Interface Shear Resistance

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.3] 29

 SHEAR DESIGN
Nominal Interface Shear Resistance
Nominal Interface Shear Resistance

𝑉𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑓𝑣 ]

𝑉𝑛𝑖 used in the design shall satisfy:

𝑉𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣

𝑉𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.3] 30

 SHEAR DESIGN
Nominal Interface Shear Resistance
cohesion factor Use the minimum transfer shear strength 𝑓𝑓𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 22 ksi
for GFRP & CFRP bars (per FDOT Materials Spec. 932-3),
friction factor due to the potential for premature failure modes, until more
testing completed

𝑉𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑓𝑣 ]

permanent net compressive force normal

to the shear plane, 𝑃𝑐 = 0 if tension
area of reinforcement crossing the shear plane
area of concrete engaged in shear transfer 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 𝑏𝑣𝑖 𝐿𝑣𝑖

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.3] 31

 SHEAR DESIGN
Cohesion and Friction Factors 𝑐, 𝜇, 𝐾1 , 𝐾2
e.g.

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.4] 32

 SHEAR DESIGN
Interface Shear Force for Girder/Slab Bridges
Factored interface shear stress
𝑉𝑢1
𝑣𝑢𝑖 =
𝑏𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑣
Factored interface shear force (kips/ft)
𝑉𝑢𝑖 = 𝑣𝑢𝑖 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 𝑣𝑢𝑖 ∙ 12𝑏𝑣𝑖

If the net force 𝑃𝑐 is tensile, additional

reinforcement shall be provided as
𝑃𝑐
𝐴𝑣𝑝𝑐 =𝜙 [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑓𝑣 ]
𝑓𝑓𝑣
[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.5] 33
 SHEAR DESIGN
Interface Shear in Box Girder Bridges
Adequate shear transfer reinforcement shall be provided at the web/flange in
box girders to transfer flange longitudinal forces at the strength limit state

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.6] 34

 SHEAR DESIGN
Minimum Area of Interface Shear Reinforcement

0.05𝐴𝑐𝑣
𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑓𝑣 ]
𝑓𝑓𝑣

𝐴𝑐𝑣 = Area of concrete considered to be engaged in interface shear transfer (𝑖𝑛2 )

𝐴𝑣𝑓 = Area of interface shear reinforcement crossing the shear plane within the area 𝐴𝑐𝑣 (𝑖𝑛2 )
𝑓′𝑓𝑣 = Design transverse strength for shear for FRP bar. Use the minimum transfer shear
strength 𝑓𝑓𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 22 ksi for GFRP & CFRP bars (per FDOT Materials Spec. 932-3), due
to the potential for premature failure modes, until more testing completed.

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.2] 35

 SHEAR DESIGN
Minimum Area of Interface Shear Reinforcement
For Cast-In-Place concrete slab on clean concrete girder surfaces free of
laitance, additional requirements apply

• The minimum interface shear reinforcement, need not exceed the lesser of
𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 and the amount needed to resist 1.33 ∙ 𝑉𝑢𝑖 /𝜙

• The minimum interface shear reinforcement requirements shall be waived for

girder/slab interfaces with surface roughened to an amplitude of 0.25 inch where the
factored interface shear stress is less than 0.21 ksi, and all vertical transverse shear
reinforcement is extended across the interface and adequately anchored in the slab

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.4.2] 36

 SHEAR DESIGN
e.g. FIB/FSB • Find critical section and corresponding
𝑏𝑣𝑖 interface shear force 𝑉𝑢𝑖
𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
2
• Factored interface shear force per
𝑑𝑣𝑖 unit length 𝑣ℎ𝑖 (kip/ft)
𝑉𝑢𝑖
𝑇 𝑣ℎ𝑖 =
𝑑𝑣𝑖
• Required nominal interface shear
𝑏𝑣𝑖 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 force per unit length 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 (kip/ft)
2
𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑑𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
𝑇 𝜙

37
 SHEAR DESIGN
e.g. FIB/FSB (cont’d)
• Required nominal interface shear reinforcement per unit length (in2/ft)
𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
𝜙
𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞 Provide 𝐴𝑐𝑓 ≥ 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣

𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑚𝑖𝑛

38
 SHEAR DESIGN
Longitudinal Reinforcement
At each section, the tensile capacity of the longitudinal reinforcement on the flexural tension
side of the member shall be proportioned to satisfy

𝑛
𝑀𝑢 𝑁𝑢 𝑉𝑢
𝐴𝑝𝑥 𝑓𝑝𝑥 ≥ + 0.5 + − 𝑉𝑝 − 0.5𝑉𝑓 cot 𝜃
𝑑𝑣 𝜙𝑓 𝜙𝑐 𝜙𝑣
𝑥=1
[Replaced 𝑉𝑠 with 𝑉𝑓 ]

𝜙𝑓 , 𝜙𝑐 , 𝜙𝑣 are resistance factor of flexure, compression/tension,

and shear, respectively

[AASHTO CFRP-1 Specifications 1.8.3.3] 39

 SHEAR DESIGN
Combined Shear and Torsion
• Transverse Reinforcement

• Torsion Resistance

• Longitudinal Reinforcement

40
 SHEAR DESIGN
Transverse Reinforcement

Total Transverse
Transverse Shear Torsion
Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specs 5.7.3.3] [AASHTO LRFD-8 Specs 5.7.2.1]

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specs 5.7.3.6.2]

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.6] 41

 SHEAR DESIGN

[Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics & Design (6 ed.), Wight and MacGregor, 2011] 42
 SHEAR DESIGN
Nominal Torsional Resistance
Area enclosed by the shear flow path, including an area of
holes therein
Angle of inclination of diagonal compressive
2𝐴0 𝐴𝑡 𝑓𝑝𝑢 cot 𝜃 stresses
𝑇𝑛 =
𝑠 [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑝𝑢]

For solid member: area of one leg of enclosed transverse torsion

reinforcement in solid members,
For hollow member: total area of transverse torsion reinforcement
in the exterior web and flange

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.6.2] 43

 SHEAR DESIGN
Longitudinal Reinforcement
In solid sections:
2 2
𝑀𝑢 0.5𝑁𝑢 𝑉𝑢 0.45𝑝ℎ 𝑇𝑢
𝐴𝑝𝑓 𝑓𝑝𝑓 + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 ≥ + + cot 𝜃 − 𝑉𝑝 − 0.5𝑉𝑓 +
𝜙𝑑𝑣 𝜙 𝜙 2𝐴0 𝜙

In box sections, longitudinal reinforcement for torsion (in addition to flexural

reinforcement)
𝑇𝑢 𝑝ℎ [Replaced 𝑓𝑦 with 𝑓𝑝𝑢]
𝐴𝑙 ≥ [Replaced 𝑉𝑠 with 𝑉𝑓 ]
2𝐴0 𝑓𝑝𝑢

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.6.2] 44

Questions?
 4. SHEAR DESIGN

4.1 Review Questions: Fundamentals

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.1) For GFRP transverse reinforcements, does the maximum
amount of transverse reinforcement requirement similar to steel
transverse reinforcements still apply:_____

a. True

b. False

47
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Minimum GFRP Transverse Reinforcement

𝑏𝑣 𝑠
𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.05
𝑓𝑓𝑣

Maximum GFRP Transverse Reinforcement

𝑉𝑓 ≤ 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣

[AASHTO GFRP-2 2.7.2.4] 48

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.1) For GFRP transverse reinforcements, does the maximum
amount of transverse reinforcement requirement similar to steel
transverse reinforcements still apply:_____

a. True

b. False

49
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.2) The shear strength of PC members with GFRP transverse
reinforcements_____
a. Is comparable to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse
reinforcements

b. Is lower than the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements

c. Is higher than to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements

a. Cannot be compared to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements
50
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Nominal Shear Resistance
Contribution by concrete 𝑉𝑐 = 0.0316𝛽 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣

Contribution by GFRP transverse reinforcement

𝐴𝑓𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑑𝑣 cot𝜃
𝑉𝑓 =
𝑠
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑛 = min Contribution by prestressing force in the
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝 direction of the shear force ( 𝑉𝑝 = 0 for
straight strands, no draped)
𝑉𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒 ∙ 𝑛ℎ ∙ sin 𝛹

Effective shear depth

Effective web width

[AASHTO LRFD-8 Specifications 5.7.3.3] [AASHTO GFRP-2 Specifications 2.7.3.] 51

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.2) The shear strength of PC members with GFRP transverse
reinforcements_____
a. Is comparable to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse
reinforcements

b. Is lower than the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements

c. Is higher than to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements

a. Cannot be compared to the shear strength of PC members with steel transverse

reinforcements
52
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.3) The required tail length of FRP stirrups is at least equal to or
more than _____ times the bar diameter
a. 4

b. 8

c. 12

a. 16

53
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Maximum Spacing of FRP Transverse Reinforcement

ACI 440.4R-04:

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 ≤ 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75ℎ ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛.

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 > 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.375ℎ ≤ 12 𝑖𝑛.

AASHTO GFRP-2:

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑑 ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛.

Minimum radius and tail length
of a stirrup bend
[ACI 440.4R-04 5.3] [AASHTO GFRP-2 2.7.2.6] 54
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.3) The required tail length of GFRP stirrups is at least equal to or
more than _____ times the bar diameter
a. 4

b. 8

c. 12

a. 16

55
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.4) The maximum spacing of transverse GFRP reinforcement is
generally _____ per AASHTO GFRP-2.

a. 12 in.

b. 24 in.

c. 0.5d*

d. Min (0.5d*, 24 in.)

*Flexural reinforcement depth

56
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
Maximum Spacing of FRP Transverse Reinforcement

ACI 440.4R-04:

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 ≤ 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75ℎ ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛.

If 𝑉𝑓𝑟𝑝 > 4.0 𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.375ℎ ≤ 12 𝑖𝑛.

AASHTO GFRP-2:

𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.5𝑑 ≤ 24 𝑖𝑛. Minimum radius and tail

length of a stirrup bend

[ACI 440.4R-04 5.3] [AASHTO GFRP-2 2.7.2.6] 57

 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.4) The maximum spacing of transverse GFRP reinforcement is
generally _____ per AASHTO GFRP-2.

a. 12 in.

b. 24 in.

c. 0.5d*

d. Min (0.5d*, 24 in.)

*Flexural reinforcement depth

58
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.5) GFRP stirrups can be bent on site with EOR approval?

a. True

b. False

59
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
• Field bending or straightening of GFRP bars not possible

• All stirrups are pre-bent

60
 REVIEW QUESTIONS
4.1.5) GFRP stirrups can be bent on site with EOR approval?

a. True

b. False

61
 4. SHEAR DESIGN

4.2 Design Example: FIB 36

 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB

 Transverse Shear

 Interface Shear Transfer

 Minimum Longitudinal Reinforcement

63
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Geometry This example is simplified from "SR 687/4th Street, NB bridge” project

Beam Span = 87.667 ft

Slab thickness 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 8.5 in
BeamSpacing = 9 ft
Beam depth ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 36 in
BridgeWidth = 42.667 ft

64
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Concrete CFRP strand GFRP rebar
Beam 𝑓′𝑐.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 8.5 ksi Diameter 𝐷𝑝 = 0.6 in Bar size = # 5

Beam 𝑓′𝑐𝑖.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 6 ksi Effective area 𝐴𝑝𝑓 = 0.179 in2 Diameter 𝑑𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 0.625 in

Beam 𝐸𝑐.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 5112 ksi Elastic modulus 𝐸𝑓 = 22,480 ksi Elastic modulus 𝐸𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 6500 ksi

Beam 𝐸𝑐𝑖.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 4557 ksi Design tensile strength 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 341 ksi Design tensile strength
Slab 𝑓′𝑐.𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 5.5 ksi Design tensile strain 𝜀𝑝𝑢 = 0.015 ksi 𝑓𝑓𝑢.𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 66.4 ksi

Slab 𝐸𝑐.𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 4428 ksi Jacking stress 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 239 ksi Bend 𝜑𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 0.6

Unit weight 𝛾𝑐 = 150 pcf

Note: 145 pcf is permitted

65
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Section Properties Section Properties
Non-Composite Section Composite Section

ℎ𝑔 = 36 in ℎ𝑔.𝑐 = 45.5 in

𝐴𝑔 = 807 in2 𝐴𝑔.𝑐 = 1643 in2

𝐼𝑔 = 1.275 × 105 in4 𝐼𝑔.𝑐 = 4.333 × 105 in4

𝑦𝑔.𝑡 = 19.51 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑏 = 16.49 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑐.𝑡 = 16.52 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑐.𝑏 = 28.98 in

𝑆𝑔,𝑡 = 6537 in3 𝑆𝑔,𝑏 = 7735 in3 𝑆𝑔,𝑐.𝑡 = 2.622 × 104 in3

𝑑𝑣 = 38.80 in 𝑏𝑣 = 7 in 𝑆𝑔,𝑐.𝑏 = 1.495 × 104 in3

66
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Critical Section for Shear

Critical Section is 𝑑𝑣 from support

Strength I

𝑉𝑢 = 272 kip
𝑑𝑣 = max(𝑑𝑣 , 0.72𝑑𝑒 , 0.72ℎ𝑔.𝑐 ) = 38.80 in
𝑀𝑢 = 886 kip
𝑏𝑣 = 7 in
𝑁𝑢 = 0

67
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Nominal Shear Strength
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑛 = min
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝

Concrete Contribution

𝑉𝑐 = 0.316𝛽λ 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 147 kip

Prestressing CFRP Contribution

𝑉𝑝 = 0 (Straight strands)

68
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Need to compute the amount of FRP transverse reinforcement for shear?
𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
No, if 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Provide ≥ , check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑣
Yes, if 𝑉𝑢 > 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Compute
𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝜙𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝 ≤ 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝
𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝐴𝑣 𝑑𝑣 Provide ≥
𝐴𝑣 𝑠 𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐴𝑣 Check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

69
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
𝑉𝑢 = 272 kip > 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 = 66 kip

Need to compute the amount of FRP transverse reinforcement for shear

𝑉𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 155 kip

Assume double-leg #5 GFRP stirrups 𝐴𝑣 = 0.614 in2

𝑠𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞 ≤ 3.38 in

70
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Provide double-leg #5 GFRP stirrups @ 3’’

𝑏𝑣 𝑠
𝐴𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.05 𝐎𝐊
𝑓𝑓𝑣

𝑠 ≤ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = min(0.5𝑑𝑣 , 24 in) 𝐎𝐊

71
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Concrete Contribution 𝑉𝑐 = 0.316𝛽λ 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 147 kip

Prestressing CFRP Contribution 𝑉𝑝 = 0

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑑𝑣
GFRP Stirrup Contribution 𝑉𝑓 = = 175 kip
𝑠

Nominal Shear Strength

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑛 = min = 322 kip
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝

𝝓𝑽𝒏 > 𝑽𝒖 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐 𝐤𝐢𝐩 𝐎𝐊

72
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Interface Shear 𝜙𝑉𝑛𝑖 ≥ 𝑉𝑢𝑖

𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
𝜙
𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞 Provide 𝐴𝑐𝑓 ≥ 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣

𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑚𝑖𝑛

73
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Factored interface shear

𝑉𝑢𝑖
𝑣ℎ𝑖 = = 89.0 kip/ft
𝑑𝑣𝑖

Required nominal interface shear resistance

𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = 98.9 kip/ft
𝜙

Provided nominal interface shear resistance 𝜇=1 𝑐 = 0.28 ksi

𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 = 215 kip/in > 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐎𝐊

74
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Provided nominal interface shear resistance
𝜇=1 𝑐 = 0.28 ksi 𝐾1 = 0.3 𝐾2 = 1.8 ksi

𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 = 215 kip/ft > 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐎𝐊

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 1469 kip/ft 𝐎𝐊

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 1037 kip/ft 𝐎𝐊

For cast-in-place concrete slab on clean concrete girder surfaces free of laitance, the minimum interface shear
reinforcement, need not exceed the lesser of 𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 and the amount needed to resist 1.33 ∙ 𝑉𝑢𝑖 /𝜙
0.05𝐴𝑐𝑣
𝑣𝑛𝑖 > 1.33 ∙ 𝑣𝑢𝑖 /𝜙 NO Need to Satisfy 𝐴𝑐𝑓 > 𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 1.1 in2 /ft
𝑓𝑓𝑣

75
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FIB
Longitudinal Reinforcement
At each section, the tensile capacity of the longitudinal reinforcement on the flexural tension
side of the member shall be proportioned to satisfy
𝑛
𝑀𝑢 𝑁𝑢 𝑉𝑢
𝐴𝑝𝑥 𝑓𝑝𝑥 ≥ + 0.5 + − 𝑉𝑝 − 0.5𝑉𝑓 cot 𝜃
𝑑𝑣 𝜙𝑓 𝜙𝑐 𝜙𝑣
𝑥=1

For example, at support location

563 kip ≥ 442 kip 𝐎𝐊 No Additional Longitudinal Reinforcement is Required

76
 4. SHEAR DESIGN

4.3 Design Example: FSB 12x57

 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
US 1 Over Cow Key Channel, Key West, Florida

78
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Geometry, from US 1 Over Cow Key Channel, Key West, Florida

79
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
US 1 Over Cow Key Channel, Key West, Florida

80
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Geometry This Example is simplified from “US 1 Over Cow Key Channel” bridge

Beam Span = 38.917 ft

Slab thickness 𝑡𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 6 in
BeamSpacing = 4.813 ft
Beam depth ℎ𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 12 in
BridgeWidth = 43.25 ft

81
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Concrete CFRP strand GFRP rebar
Beam 𝑓′𝑐.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 8.5 ksi Diameter 𝐷𝑝 = 0.6 in Bar size = # 4

Beam 𝑓′𝑐𝑖.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 6 ksi Effective area 𝐴𝑝𝑓 = 0.179 in2 Diameter 𝑑𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 0.5 in

Beam 𝐸𝑐.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 5112 ksi Elastic modulus 𝐸𝑝 = 22,480 ksi Elastic modulus 𝐸𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 6500 ksi

Beam 𝐸𝑐𝑖.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 4557 ksi Design tensile strength 𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 341 ksi Design tensile strength
Slab 𝑓′𝑐.𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 5.5 ksi Design tensile strain 𝜀𝑝𝑢 = 0.015 ksi 𝑓𝑓𝑢.𝐺𝐹𝑅𝑃 = 77.0 ksi

Slab 𝐸𝑐.𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 4428 ksi Jacking stress 𝑓𝑝𝑗 = 239 ksi Bend 𝜑𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 0.6

Unit weight 𝛾𝑐 = 150 pcf

Note: 145 pcf is permitted

82
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Section Properties Section Properties
Non-Composite Section Composite Section

ℎ𝑔 = 12 in ℎ𝑔.𝑐 = 18 in

𝐴𝑔 = 582 in2 𝐴𝑔.𝑐 = 974 in2

𝐼𝑔 = 7084 in4 𝐼𝑔.𝑐 = 2.598 × 104 in4

𝑦𝑔.𝑡 = 6.35 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑏 = 5.65 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑐.𝑡 = 9.22 in 𝑦𝑔.𝑐.𝑏 = 8.78 in

𝑆𝑔,𝑡 = 1116 in3 𝑆𝑔,𝑐.𝑡 = 2819 in3

𝑆𝑔,𝑏 = 1254 in3 𝑆𝑔,𝑐.𝑏 = 2959 in3

83
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Critical Section for Shear

Critical Section is 𝑑𝑣 from support

Strength I

𝑉𝑢 = 103 kip
𝑑𝑣 = max(𝑑𝑣 , 0.72𝑑𝑒 , 0.72ℎ𝑔.𝑐 ) = 13.50 in
𝑀𝑢 = 121 kip
𝑏𝑣 = 45 in
𝑁𝑢 = 0

84
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Nominal Shear Strength
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑛 = min
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝

Concrete Contribution

𝑉𝑐 = 0.316𝛽λ 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 350 kip

Prestressing CFRP Contribution

𝑉𝑝 = 0 (Straight strands)

85
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Need to compute the amount of FRP transverse reinforcement for shear?
𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
No, if 𝑉𝑢 ≤ 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Provide ≥ , check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴𝑣
Yes, if 𝑉𝑢 > 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 Compute
𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝑉𝑛 ≥ 𝜙𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝 ≤ 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝
𝐴𝑣 𝐴𝑣
𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝐴𝑣 𝑑𝑣 Provide ≥
𝐴𝑣 𝑠 𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠 𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝐴𝑣 Check spacing 𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛

86
 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
𝑉𝑢 = 103 kip < 0.5𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑝 = 157 kip

NO need to compute the amount of FRP transverse reinforcement for shear

Provide minimum transverse shear reinforcement

Provide 4-leg #5 GFRP stirrups @ 9’’

𝑏𝑣 𝑠 𝑠 ≤ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐎𝐊
𝐴𝑣 ≥ 𝐴𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.05 𝐎𝐊
𝑓𝑓𝑣

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 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Concrete Contribution 𝑉𝑐 = 0.316𝛽λ 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = 350 kip

Prestressing CFRP Contribution 𝑉𝑝 = 0

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑓𝑣 𝑑𝑣
GFRP Stirrup Contribution 𝑉𝑓 = = 33 kip
𝑠

Nominal Shear Strength

𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉𝑝
𝑉𝑛 = min = 383 kip
𝑉𝑛 = 0.25𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑉𝑝

𝝓𝑽𝒏 > 𝑽𝒖 = 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝐤𝐢𝐩 𝐎𝐊

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 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Interface Shear 𝜙𝑉𝑛𝑖 ≥ 𝑉𝑢𝑖

𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
𝜙
𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞 Provide 𝐴𝑐𝑓 ≥ 𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑟𝑒𝑞

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣

𝐴𝑐𝑓,𝑚𝑖𝑛

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 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Factored interface shear

𝑉𝑢𝑖
𝑣ℎ𝑖 = = 103 kip/ft
𝑑𝑣𝑖

Required nominal interface shear resistance

𝑣ℎ𝑖
𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 = = 114 kip/ft
𝜙

Provided nominal interface shear resistance 𝜇=1 𝑐 = 0.28 ksi

𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 = 226 kip/ft > 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐎𝐊

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 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Provided nominal interface shear resistance
𝜇=1 𝑐 = 0.28 ksi 𝐾1 = 0.3 𝐾2 = 1.8 ksi

𝑣𝑛𝑖 = 𝑐𝐴𝑐𝑣 + 𝜇 𝐴𝑐𝑓 𝑓𝑓𝑣 + 𝑃𝑐 = 226 kip/ft > 𝑣𝑛𝑖,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐎𝐊

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 1790kip/ft 𝐎𝐊

𝑣𝑛𝑖 ≤ 𝐾2 𝐴𝑐𝑣 = 1264 kip/ft 𝐎𝐊

For cast-in-place concrete slab on clean concrete girder surfaces free of laitance, the minimum interface shear
reinforcement, need not exceed the lesser of 𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 and the amount needed to resist 1.33 ∙ 𝑉𝑢𝑖 /𝜙
0.05𝐴𝑐𝑣
𝑣𝑛𝑖 > 1.33 ∙ 𝑉𝑢𝑖 /𝜙 NO need to satisfy 𝐴𝑐𝑓 > 𝐴𝑣𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = 1.35 in2 /ft
𝑓𝑓𝑣

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 DESIGN EXAMPLE: FSB
Longitudinal Reinforcement
At each section, the tensile capacity of the longitudinal reinforcement on the flexural tension
side of the member shall be proportioned to satisfy
𝑛
𝑀𝑢 𝑁𝑢 𝑉𝑢
𝐴𝑝𝑥 𝑓𝑝𝑥 ≥ + 0.5 + − 𝑉𝑝 − 0.5𝑉𝑓 cot 𝜃
𝑑𝑣 𝜙𝑓 𝜙𝑐 𝜙𝑣
𝑥=1

For example, at support location

254 kip ≥ 197 kip 𝐎𝐊 No Additional Longitudinal Reinforcement is Required

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 AASHTO CFRP-
Prestressed Concrete Design
Training Course