Jade Noel T.

Behec Section: Arellano

A. Qur'an
1. What is the first revelation Surah?
Surah Al Alaq is the 96 th surah of the Qur’an and is traditionally believed to have
been prophet Muhammad's first revelation. While the prophet was retreats in the
Cave of Hira, located at Mountain Jabal al-Nour, Angel Gabriel appears before the
prophet Muhammad and commands him to “Read!”. He responded, “But I cannot
read!”. Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and then revealed to him the first
lines, “Read: In the name of your Lord Who created:
a) Created man from a clot.
b) Read: And your Lord is the Most Generous,
c) Who taught by the pen,
d) Taught man that which he knew not.” (Bukhari 4953). It is traditionally
understood the first five ayats (1–5) of Surah Alaq were revealed.

2. What is the last revealed Surah?

The last revealed surah was believed to be Surah Al-Baqarah it is the second
and longest surah of the Quran. It consists of 286 verses 6,201 words and 25,500
letters.
It is a Medinan surah, that is to say that it was supposedly revealed at Medina after
the Hijrah, with the exception of the verses with regard to riba which Muslims believe
were revealed during the Farewell Pilgrimage, the last Hajj of Muhammad. In particular,
verse 281 in this chapter is believed to be the last verse of the Quran to be revealed, on
the 10th of Dhul al Hijjah 10 A.H., when Muhammad was in the course of performing his
last Hajj, 80 or 90 days before he died. Surah al-Baqarah enjoins fasting on the believer
during the month of Ramadan.

3. What are the significance of these Surah?

The significance of surah al alaq and surah baqarah boils down on the thought
that; Allah is the greatest, the God, and therefore he is the one and only God of all.
This subsequently became the centre of the teachings of Islam.

4. What are the reasons of the revelation of the particular Ayah of the Qur’an?

The revelation of a particular ayah provides response to particular event,

question or inquiry, and special situation that are not addressed by the Qur’an.

B. Sunnah / Hadith
1. What are the methods used to check the Authenticity of an Hadith?
The method employed in checking the authenticity of a hadith is by checking its
sources: by determining it nature or variety or classification, and to check the series
of the narration which will verify its authenticity.
2. Give an example of an Hadith that deals with Shari’ah and elaborate it’s function or
usage?
The following are the legal hadith which prohibits: The consumption of pork,
drinking liquor, and smoking. It aims to achieve a pure and balance state of mind for
all the followers of Allah.

3. What is an Hadith Qudsi?

Hadith Qudsi refers to the thoughts expressed by Allah which the interpreted
abd manifested by the prophet

C. Ijma

1. What are the conditions for the validity of Ijma

The following are the conditions of the validity of Ijma:

1. The agreement must take place among mujtahids. Mujtahid is a person who is
qualified to exercise ijtihad.
2. The agreement must be unanimous.
3. The mujtahids must belong to the Islamic community.
4. The agreement of mujtahids must be held after the death of Allah’s Messenger
(peace be upon him).
5. The agreement must be among the mujtahids of one period, even though
some mujtahids of subsequent periods may differ from them.
6. The agreement should be held on a rule of Islamic law (in legal matter).
7. The mujtahids should have relied upon a sanad for deriving their opinion.
Sanad is the evidence (proof) upon which the mujtahids rely on, for arriving upon
an agreement.

2. Why is it that Ijma of the Companions ( Sahabah) should not be reopened?

It is because the ijma of the Sahabah no longer exist and it constitutes to the
thought that it cannot be reopened.
3. Enumerate the hierarchy of Ijma. Why the Ijma of the Companions is considered
the highest form of Ijma?

The following are hierarchy of Ijma in descending order:

1. Ijma’ of the sahabah (Companions), this was made during the time of khulafa-
ur-Rashidun, i.e. Abu Bakr (RA), Umar (RA), Uthman (RA) and Ali (RA) such
as: the consensus on electing Abu Bakr (RA) as Caliph, compilation of the
Qur’an and the two times calling of Adhan
2. Ijma’ Sukuti of the Sahabah, wherein the sahabah expressed an opinion or
performed an action but others kept silent.
3. Ijma’ Tabi’in, whereby the sahabah agreed on an issue when they had no
differences of opinion.
4. Ijma’ Tabi’in, where there was a difference of opinion among sahabah. In other
words, there had been two views and one of them was adapted by the later
generation of the people.
5. Ijma’ of Mujtahidun after the Tabi’in may refer to Ijma’ observed after the
Tabi’in up to the present.
The Ijma’ of the Sahabah is considered to be the highest firm of Ijma,

4. Can Ijma abrogate a text in the Qur’an or an Hadith?

No, Ijma is a product derived fron the Qur’an or Hadith. It simply cannot exist
without `The Qur’an or Hadith which is why it does not have the power to do such.
5. What is Shura and differentiate it from Ijma?

Ijma is a l;egal tool for producing legal rules base on the consensus of legal
experts while the shura is a mere consultation with people who are not necessarily
experts in law. Second is that the rules produced and is being carried out by Ijma is
mandatory while the shura does not carry the mandatory effect of law. Lastly, Shura
refers to the process of consultation among mujtahid and its product is known as
Ijma.

6. What is the importance of the process of Shura?

The importance of mutual consultation is that it gives a variety of inputs than can
be considered and therefore everyone is heard and the nature of autocratic setting
will be avoided. Anyone who is conscious of Allah shall not bear a burden of such
responsibility alone since everyone must carry a duty that they must be concerned
with rights and interests of each other.