Pressure Relieving Systems: Scope

GP 03-02-04 Pressure Relieving Systems February 2009
Pressure Relieving Systems

GP 03-02-04
Scope
1) [I] This Global Practice (GP) covers the installation of pressure-relieving systems comprising
pressure relief devices and associated flare headers.
2) [I] The primary documents that outline requirements for and establish Company practices for pressure
relief systems are:
a) ASME Pressure Vessel Code, e.g., ASME Section I and Section VIII
b) ASME Code for Pressure Piping, e.g., ASME B31.3
c) API Standard 520 Part I
d) API Recommended Practice 520 Part II, Fifth Edition, August 2003 (API RP 520 PT II-5)
e) API Standard 521
f) API Standard 526
3) GP 03-02-04 and Design Practice XV-C supplement the ASME/API documents and define
exceptions and additions to these documents. Design Practice XV-C, Pressure Relief, provides
design guidelines. GP 03-02-04 focuses on installation requirements and is written as exceptions or
additions to API Recommended Practice 520 Part II.
4) [I] Topics not included in the scope of this GP are as follows:
a) Pressure-relieving systems for fixed roof atmospheric storage tanks; covered in GP 09-07-03.
b) Overpressure analysis including definition of overpressure contingencies and sizing of pressure
relief devices; covered in detail in DP XV-C.
c) Design of disposal systems; covered in detail in DP XV-D.
d) Design of flares; covered in detail in DP XV-E.
e) Emergency isolation, depressuring, and shutdown systems; covered in detail in DP XV-F.
Refining/Chemicals, Downstream
For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0
Imperial Oil
Page 1 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company
Copyright Waiver
ExxonMobil Development Company and ExxonMobil Pipeline Company hereby license the use of ExxonMobil Engineering Practices System (EMEPS) Global Practices (GPs) for
use by any ExxonMobil division, subsidiary, or more-than-50%-owned affiliate. The GPs may be downloaded and modified as necessary for project and affiliate use. Written
permission from ExxonMobil Development Company or ExxonMobil Pipeline Company is not required. However, any modified GPs must be renumbered to a project-specific or
affiliate-specific number to distinguish them from the GPs on the EMEPS web site. ExxonMobil operated joint ventures may utilize GPs to create project-specific or location-specific
specifications. It is the responsibility of individual affiliate or joint venture to ensure that the use of GPs and their derivatives is limited to joint venture related business and not
disclosed or used outside the JV without appropriate EM management approval.
Table of Contents
Table of Figures ..............................................................................................................3
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 2: References........................................4
Additions to API RP 520 PT II—Section 3: Definition of Terms.................................5
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 4: Inlet Piping to Pressure-Relief

Devices ....................................................................................................................8
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 5: Discharge Piping from Pressure-

Relief Devices .......................................................................................................11
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 6: Isolation (Stop) Valves in Pressure-

Relief Piping ..........................................................................................................17
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 7: Bonnet or Pilot Vent Piping ..........18
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 8: Drain Piping....................................20
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 9: Pressure-Relief Device Location

and Position ..........................................................................................................21
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 10: Bolting and Gasketing.................23
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 12: Pre-Installation Handling and

Inspection..............................................................................................................23
Addition to API RP 520 PT II—[New] Section 13: Additional Requirements ..........24
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Appendix B: Installation and Maintenance of

Pin-Actuated Non-Reclosing Pressure-Relief Devices .....................................27
Appendix: Figures .......................................................................................................28
Record of Change .........................................................................................................36
Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions ...................................................................54
RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Table of Figures
Figure A–1: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling Low Toxic Concentration
or Non-Toxic Vapors (1), (2) ...........................................................................28
Figure A-2: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling High Toxic Concentration
Vapors (1) ......................................................................................................29
Figure A–3: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling Low Toxic Concentration
or Non-Toxic Liquids (1)...............................................................................30
Figure A–4: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling High Concentration Toxic
Liquids or Flashing Liquid and Vapor.......................................................31
Figure A–5: Rupture Disk-Pressure Relief Valve Installation..................................32
Figure A–6: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hard Piped...............................33
Figure A–7: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hose Connection ....................34
Figure A–8: Toroidal Ring for Hydrogen Vents.........................................................35

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 2: References

API 520 PT II-2. Addition: References
[I] The following tables list the practices, codes, publications, and standards that shall be used with this
practice in addition to those referenced in API RP 520 PT II, Sizing, Selection, and Installation of
Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries.
API 520 PT II-2.1. ExxonMobil Engineering Practices

GP 03-15-01 Pressure Relief Valves
GP 03-18-01 Piping Fabrication Shop or Field
GP 05-03-01 Pressure Testing of Unfired Pressure Vessels
GP 15-07-02 Protective Systems
GP 15-07-06 High Integrity Protective Systems (HIPS)
DP XV-C Safety in Plant Design-Pressure Relief
DP XV-D Disposal Systems
DP XV-E Flares
DP XV-F Emergency Isolation, Depressuring and Shutdown Systems
API 520 PT II-2.2. API–American Petroleum Institute

API STD 526 Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves
API STD 527 Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves
API 520 PT II-2.3. ACGIH–American Conference of Governmental

Industrial Hygienists
ACGIH Publication 2007 TLV®s and BEI®s
#0107 (http://www.acgih.org/Store/ProductDetail.cfm?id=1910)
API 520 PT II-2.4. ASTM–American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM E 84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials

API 520 PT II-2.5. NEMA–National Electrical Manufacturers

Association
NEMA Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs
API 520 PT II-2.6. Other References

EMBSI "Exxon Occupational Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants,"
1999 by EBSI (Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, NJ)
British Health and "Guidance Note for Threshold Limit Values," (in UK), British Health
Safety Executive (HSE) and Safety Executive (HSE)
Additions to API RP 520 PT II—Section 3: Definition of Terms

Combustible Liquid
Liquid with a closed cup (Pensky-Martens) flash point at or above 100F (38C) and handled at
temperatures 15F (8C) below their closed cup (Pensky-Martens) flash point.
Design Contingency
An abnormal condition including maloperation, equipment malfunction, or other event which is not
planned, but is foreseen to the extent that the situations involved are considered in establishing equipment
design conditions.
Double or Multiple Contingency
Two or more independent, unrelated, abnormal events that, if they occurred simultaneously or within a
restricted short time interval, could result in an emergency. Double or multiple contingencies are
normally not considered in the setting of design conditions or the design of overpressure protection
facilities. However, it is the responsibility of the designer to consider common cause failure modes which
might reasonably apply. Examples of common cause failure modes include potentially fouling
conditions, low winter temperatures or off normal operations, that might cause simultaneous failure of
process control and protection systems. Another example of common cause failure mode is the failure to
close of two identical check valves in series. In evaluating situations as candidates for consideration as
double contingencies, the failure of the operator to intervene to avoid, or reduce the severity of the
overpressure once an event is initiated, is never one of the conditions that could make a situation a double
contingency. Similarly, the failure of normal process control instruments (including safety critical
instruments and emergency shutdowns except for HIPS) to avoid or reduce the severity of the
overpressure is never one of the conditions that could make a situation a double contingency.
ERPG-2 (Emergency Response Planning Guideline)
The maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed
for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or
symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action.
Flammable Gases or Vapors
Gases or vapors that at ambient temperature and pressure form a flammable mixture with air and where
the LFL is < 13 vol percent or the range between LFL and UFL is >12 percent regardless of the LFL.

Flammable Liquid
Liquid with a closed cup (Pensky-Martens) flash point below 100F (38C) or a liquid with a closed cup
(Pensky-Martens) flash point at or above 100F (38C) when handled above or within 15F (8C) of its
flash point.
Flammable Material
Flammable liquids, vapors generated from flammable liquids, flammable gases or vapors, hydrocarbon
vapors, and other vapors or gases, such as hydrogen and carbon disulfide, that are readily ignitable when
released to atmosphere.
Hazardous Liquids
Liquids that fall in any of the following categories: toxic liquids, liquids that when flashed from process
conditions generate toxic vapor in sufficient quantity to cause a hazard, liquids with an NFPA-704 health
hazard rating greater than 1, any liquid included within UN Hazard Class 6.1, caustic, acids, any corrosive
liquid with pH < 3 or pH > 11.
Hydrotest Factor ("HTF")
Factor above (multiplier for) MAWP or Design Pressure used to define the required hydrotest pressure,
excluding the temperature and corrosion allowance adjustment that is defined by the applicable
construction code. Also used to define the maximum permissible pressure in the "Remote Contingency
Rule." The Hydrotest Factor ("HTF") is typically one of the following:
a) Equipment designed to the ASME SEC VIII D1 pre-1998 editions; 1.5
b) Equipment designed to the ASME SEC VIII D1 1998 and later editions when GP 05-03-01 paragraph
3.1.3) is applied; 1.5
c) Equipment designed to the ASME SEC VIII D1 1998 and later editions when GP 05-03-01 paragraph
3.1.3) is not applied; 1.3
d) Equipment designed to the ASME SEC VIII D2; 1.25
Equipment designed to other pressure vessel codes; 1.25 to 1.4 depending on the specific code
Note that if MAWP has not yet been defined (for example, during early project development prior to
vessel construction), Design Pressure should be used as it establishes the minimum acceptable MAWP.
IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health)
The airborne concentration from which a worker could escape without injury or irreversible health effects
in the event of the failure of respiratory protection equipment. The IDLH is the maximum concentration
above which only a highly reliable breathing apparatus providing maximum worker protection should be
permitted. In determining IDLH values, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
considered the ability of a worker to escape without loss of life or irreversible health effects along with
certain transient effects, such as severe eye or respiratory irritation, disorientation, and incoordination,
which could prevent escape. As a safety margin, IDLHs are based on the effects that might occur as a
consequence of a 30-minute exposure. However, the 30-minute period is NOT meant to imply that
workers should stay in the work environment any longer than necessary following the failure of
respiratory protection equipment; in fact, EVERY EFFORT SHOULD BE MADE TO EXIT
IMMEDIATELY!
PR Valve Rated Capacity
The relief rate a pressure relief device can pass when fully open at accumulated pressure, determined in
accordance with the ASME Code and supplied by the manufacturer. This rate is greater than or equal to
the required design capacity calculated. The relationship between rated and design capacity is determined
by the following ratio: (design capacity / required area) = (rated capacity / selected area). The rated

capacity can also be calculated based on the effective discharge coefficient for the PR valve and the
effective PR valve orifice area per API STD 526. The rated capacity does not include the 10 percent
derating factor mandated by the ASME Code.
Remote Contingency
An abnormal condition that could result in exceeding the design pressure at the coincident temperature
or the design temperature at the coincident pressure, but whose probability of occurrence is so low it is
not considered as a design contingency and/or whose consideration is not mandated by the
applicable pressure vessel code (for example ASME Code), API STD 521, or ExxonMobil DP-II.
Note that the "Remote Contingency Rule" limits the overpressure and excessive temperature that can be
experienced should the remote contingency occur. For more information on the "Remote Contingency
Rule" refer to DP XV-C.
Safety Critical (or SHE Critical) Equipment
Any device (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, or electronic), system, or subsystem
functioning as the last line of defense to prevent, or is vital in mitigating, one of the following scenarios:
a) An uncontrolled major breach of containment of flammable or toxic materials
b) A process related incident with the potential for severe injuries or death
c) A release of materials that could have a serious environmental impact
d) A breach of security access that has the potential for sabotage or other serious consequences (for
example: failure of access control systems)
This definition includes all protective equipment or systems, failures of which result in higher risks as
defined by the Company Risk Matrix for SHE considerations (GMOP 2.1). This includes at a minimum
all Category 1 risks and Category 2 risks resulting from Consequence Levels I or II events, as defined by
the ExxonMobil Risk Matrix for SHE Considerations (GMOP 2.1). SHE CE also includes
devices/systems to prevent or mitigate SHE Risks that fall in the IE and IID cells in the ExxonMobil Risk
Matrix, since these typically may involve serious injuries or fatalities, albeit with low probability.
Excluded from SHE Critical Equipment are those devices whose only consequence of failure is an
environmental exception (reporting). This does not obviate the need for reporting environmental
incidents. Also excluded from the SHE Critical Equipment category are business critical devices whose
consequence of failure is purely economic (e.g., custody transfer). Reliable operation of such devices is
covered by other appropriate equipment strategies.
The term "safety critical" is usually applied to instrumentation, but any device may qualify as SHE
Critical Equipment (i.e., designated safety critical) if its failure could lead to serious consequences. For
example, heat tracing systems (steam or electric) used to prevent plugging of pressure relief devices due
to solidification of process fluids are considered safety critical and should be identified as such.
Safety Critical Instrument
Any mechanical, instrument, electrical, electronic or analytical device or instrumentation system that
performs function that meets the definition of SHE Critical Equipment. The term Safety Critical
Instrument is equivalent to the term Safety Instrumented System (SIS) in ISA S84.01 and to the term
Protective System in GP 15-07-02. Safety Critical Instruments are a subset of SHE Critical
Equipment.
Set Pressure
The set pressure (expressed as psig or kPa gauge or other increment above atmospheric pressure) is the
inlet pressure at which the pressure relief valve is adjusted to open under service conditions. For a relief
or safety relief valve in liquid service, the set pressure is to be considered the inlet pressure at which the
valve starts to discharge with a significant volume under service conditions. For a safety or safety relief

valve in gas or vapor service (including two-phase and supercritical conditions), the set pressure is to be
considered the inlet pressure at which the valve pops open under service conditions.
STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit)
Defined as a 15-minute time weighted average (TWA) exposure that should not be exceeded at any time
during a workday even if the 8-hour TWA is within the allowed Threshold Limit Value (TLV-TWA).
Exposures above the TLV-TWA up to the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not
occur more than four times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes between successive exposures in
this range.
Toxic Chemicals
Chemicals that cause damage to humans and for which an exposure limit (TLV or OEL) has been
established by ACGIH, NIOSH, EMBSI, or other relevant regulatory agency (such as US EPA). These
substances may cause significant negative impact (for example, severe inflammation, shock, collapse or
even sudden death) if humans are exposed to sufficiently high concentrations for a sufficiently long
period of time. The concentrations of toxic chemical which would create a significant risk will vary by
chemical and potential exposure time. Examples of toxic chemicals include but are not limited to the
following: Benzene, Xylene, 1,3-Butadiene, Hexane, Chlorine, Bromine, Ammonia, Carbon Disulfide,
Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Fluoride.
Toxic Gas/Vapor Service
Any gas or vapor stream containing a toxic chemical above a specific concentration defined by regulation
or depending on the system under consideration. For the purpose of PR devices and overpressure
protection, a stream shall be considered to be in toxic gas or vapor service if the material released could
result in a concentration in air equal to or above the STEL for the toxic gas/vapor at the nearest location
of exposure. Where a STEL does not exist for a "toxic" chemical a value of 3 times the TLV or OEL
shall be substituted for the STEL. Examples of toxic gases/vapor service relevant to the Company
include but are not limited to the following: Chlorine, Bromine, Ammonia, Carbon Disulfide, Hydrogen
Chloride, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Fluoride.
Toxic Liquids
Liquids that can cause adverse health effects in humans as a result of exposure such as by inhalation of an
aerosol, by ingestion or by dermal absorption. Any liquid (product or process stream) containing a toxic
chemical and which, if the material were to be released, would potentially result in a hazard. The
concentration of toxic chemical needed to create a significant risk will vary by chemical and potential
exposure time.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 4: Inlet Piping to

Pressure-Relief Devices
API 520 PT II-4. Addition: Inlet Piping to Pressure-Relief Devices
4.1.3. [New] Additional General Requirements for PR Device Inlet Piping
a) [S] Piping shall be designed, anchored and guided to resist the forward, lateral and upward dynamic
forces that develop at bends as a result of high-velocity vapors, liquids (including condensed liquids),
or combination of the two.
b) [S] Pipelines that are supported by pipe shoes shall have shoes no shorter than twice the calculated
growth of the piping or a minimum of 18 in. (457 mm).

c) [S] The piping shall include expansion loops to accommodate thermal expansion or contraction.
d) [S] Expansion and bellow joints shall not be used.
e) [S] PR device inlet piping shall be appropriately designed and supported to permit PR device removal
for maintenance while the equipment being protected is still in operation.
f) [S] For PR valves in service, the nominal cross-sectional area of the inlet line, or the inlet manifold
for multiple valves, shall be at least equal to the sum of the flow areas of the PR valve inlet flange(s).
g) [S] Spare valves need not be considered in determining the nominal cross-sectional area of the inlet
line, or the inlet manifold for multiple valves.
API 520 PT II-4.2.2. Exception: Size and Length of Inlet Piping to

Pressure-Relief Valves
4.2.2.1 [New] Frictional Pressure Drop in PR Valve Inlet Piping
a) [S] For design contingencies, the total frictional pressure drop at rated capacity (fluid acceleration
effects not included) between the protected system and PR valve shall not exceed the following:
1) 3 percent of the set pressure (gauge) for set pressures 50 psig (345 kPag) or higher.
2) 5 percent of the set pressures for set pressure below 50 psig (345 kPag).
b) [S] In the case of fire load relief, or relief of fluids that are 100 percent liquid at the pressure relief
valve inlet (regardless of whether or not flashing occurs across the PR valve and regardless of
whether or not the PR valve is liquid capacity-certified) the design relief load (not the PR valve rated
capacity) may be used in the determination of the limiting inlet line pressure drop.
c) [S] For remote contingencies, depending on the hydrotest pressure, a higher inlet pressure drop is
acceptable. Acceptable inlet pressure drops are as follows:
1) For equipment hydrotested to 150 percent of the design pressure, the maximum permissible inlet
piping pressure drop is 4.1 percent of set pressure for set pressures 50 psig (345 kPa gauge) or
higher and 6.8 percent for set pressures lower than 50 psig (345 kPa gauge).
d) [S] For remote sensing pilot-operated pressure relief valves, refer to section 4.2.3.1.1 for allowable
frictional pressure drop in inlet piping.
API 520 PT II-4.2.3. Addition: Remote Sensing for Pilot-Operated

4.2.3.1.1 [New] Frictional Pressure Drop for Remote Sensing Pilot-Operated
a) [S] For remote sensing pilot-operated valves, the inlet piping pressure loss should be as follows:
1) 3 percent of the set pressure (gauge) for set pressures 50 psig (345 kPag) or higher.
2) 5 percent of the set pressures for set pressure below 50 psig (345 kPag)

3) [A] Higher inlet piping pressure losses, for remote sensing pilot-operated pressure relief valves,
shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] When using remote sensing, pilot-operated pressure relief valves, the pilot-operated PR valve
shall be oversized or the set pressure of the pilot-operated PR valve shall be lowered by an amount
equal to the inlet line pressure drop (from the vessel to the location of the pilot-operated PR valve) .
4.2.3.3.1 [New] Use of Purge Gas in Pilot Lines of Pilot-Operated Pressure-Relief

Valves
a) [S] [A] If nitrogen or other gas purge is used in the pilot line, the Owner's Engineer shall approve the
final configuration.
b) [S] The isolation (built-up) pressure of the purge gas if isolated or blocked-in shall be greater than the
pilot relief valve set point.
4.2.3.4 [New] Location of Pilot Sensing Points for Pilot-Operated Pressure-Relief

Valves
a) [S] [*] Unless otherwise specified, pilot sensing points for pilot-operated pressure relief valves shall
be at the pressure relief valve location.
b) [S] [A] Remote sensing for pilot-operated pressure relief valves shall be approved by the Owner’s
Engineer.
c) [S] Lead lines to remote sensing pilots shall be sloped to prevent liquid accumulation.
d) [S] Valves in the sensing line shall be designed to prevent accidental closure (i.e., quarter turn or
tubing valves should not be used in sensing lines) and shall be car-sealed open (CSO).
e) [S] For a remote sensing pilot, the operating pressure at the remote sensing point shall be at least 80
percent of the highest anticipated operating pressure at the location of the main valve.
f) [S] The valve manufacturer shall be consulted in cases where the operating pressure at the proposed
remote sensing point is less than 80 percent.
API 520 PT II-4.2.4. Addition: Configuration of Inlet Piping for

4.2.4.1 [New] Additional Requirements for Configuration of Inlet Piping to PR
Devices
[S] Inlet piping to PR devices shall be installed to continuously slope away from the PR device to the
protected system at a minimum of 1:480, to avoid any liquid traps.
API 520 PT II-4.4. Addition: Inlet Stresses that Originate from

Discharge Reaction Forces
4.4.3 [New] Additional Requirements for Protection of PR Valve Inlet Piping
[S] PR device inlet piping shall be designed to resist reactive forces from discharges and to prevent
excessive vibration during discharge.

API 520 PT II-4.6. Addition: Rupture Disk Devices in Combination

with Pressure-Relief Valves
4.6.1 [New] Additional Requirements for Use of Rupture Disk Devices
a) [S] [A] Rupture Disk (RD) may be used in conjunction with or as a substitute for PR valves only with
the approval of the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] RDs used shall be full opening and non-fragmenting.
c) [S] When installed RDs shall be one of the following:
1) Pre-scored tension loaded conventional (forward acting) for both liquid and gas/two-phase
service.
2) Pre-scored (cross-scored) reverse buckling for gas/two-phase only service.
3) Pre-scored (semi-circular) reverse buckling for gas/two-phase or liquid service, provided the
safety head contains a capture bar.
d) [S] The manufacturing range for all RDs shall be the lowest available from the manufacturer. The
manufacturing range shall be applied below the design pressure of the protected system.
e) [S] [A] [O] If installed upstream of a PR valve, rupture disks (RD) shall be installed as shown in
Figure A–5. Alternative arrangements, approved by the Owner’s Engineer, shall be used when
leakage through a rupture disk is insufficient to close the excess flow valve, but release to the
environment is prohibited by environmental regulations.
f) [S] [O] The rated temperature of the RDs shall be the minimum temperature observed or expected at
the location of the disk itself before it relieves.
4.6.2 [New] Alternatives to Rupture Disk/PR Valve Combination

[S] [E] [A] Soft seated PR valves may be considered as an alternative to rupture disk (RD)/PR valve
combinations for services operating below 450F (232C) when control of fugitive emissions is required
to meet environmental regulations. The use of soft seated PR valves shall be approved by the Owner’s
Engineer.
4.6.3. [New] Use of Double Disk Assembly

a) [S] [A] Use of double disk assembly requires approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] [O] When a double disk assembly is used, the vapor space between the disks shall be monitored in
a similar manner to figure A-5.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 5: Discharge

Piping from Pressure-Relief Devices
API 520 PT II-5.1. Addition: General Requirements
5.1.1 [New] Additional General Requirements for PR Device Discharge Piping
a) [S] Piping shall be designed, anchored and guided to resist the forward, lateral and upward dynamic
forces that develop at bends as a result of high-velocity vapors, liquids (including condensed liquids),
or combination of the two.

b) [S] Pipelines that are supported by pipe shoes shall have shoes no shorter than twice the calculated
growth of the piping or a minimum of 18 in. (457 mm).
c) [S] The piping shall include expansion loops to accommodate thermal expansion or contraction.
d) [S] Expansion and bellow joints shall not be used.
e) [S] [A] For PR valves in service, the nominal cross-sectional area of the outlet line, or manifold for
multiple valves, should be at least equal to the sum of the flow areas of the PR valve outlet flange(s).
Smaller cross-sectional areas may be permitted in certain retro-fit situations provided the back-
pressure requirements outlined in API RP 520 PT II, Paragraph 5.3 are met, and this arrangement is
approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
f) [S] Spare valves need not be considered in determining the nominal cross-sectional area of the
outlet line, or the outlet manifold for multiple valves.
g) [S] PR device outlet piping shall be appropriately designed and supported to permit PR device
removal for maintenance while the equipment being protected is still in operation.
5.1.2. [New] PR Valves Discharging to Atmosphere
5.1.2.1. [New] Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere

a) [S] PR valves discharging to the atmosphere shall be equipped with individual risers.
b) [S] Piping from PR devices discharging to the atmosphere shall have no liquid traps except a single
low point at the bottom of the riser.
c) [S] Design of atmospheric discharge risers shall be as follows:
1) A drain hole, 3/4 in. (20 mm) size, shall be provided at the lowest point in the PR device riser to
atmosphere.
2) If the drain hole is located so that a flame developing from hydrocarbons released during a PR
device discharge could impinge on equipment or piping, the drain shall be piped with minimum
length nipple and elbow to direct the flames away from the equipment or lines.
3) If the drain connection is at a low elevation in a congested area where gas released may not be
readily dissipated, the drain shall be non-corroding material provided with a valve to permit
periodic draining.
4) If a drain valve is installed and freezing is possible, the drain line and outlet riser shall be heat
traced.
d) [S] PR device risers shall discharge a minimum of 10 ft (3 m) above platforms and any equipment
within a horizontal distance of 50 ft (15 m).
e) [S] The discharge location of the riser to atmosphere from a PR device relative to adjacent equipment
may need to be increased on a case-by-case basis depending on the following:
1) Volume and nature of discharge
2) Prevailing wind direction
3) Height, type, and frequency of occupancy of adjacent structures
4) Noise
5) Heat density based on the ignition of PR valve discharge.
f) [S] For spring operated PR valves, discharging flammable vapors to the atmosphere, the minimum
exit velocity shall be 100 ft/sec (30m/s) at 25 percent of the rated capacity of the PR valve (i.e.,
calculated flow using 25 percent of the installed PR valve’s effective orifice area).

g) [S] For modulating type pilot-operated PR valves releasing flammable vapors to the atmosphere, the
minimum exit velocity shall be 100 ft/s (30 m/s) at 25 percent of the rated capacity of the PR valve, or
at the minimum anticipated relief load if lower than 25 percent of rated capacity.
h) [S] For PR valves discharging flammable vapors to the atmosphere, which do not meet the velocity
requirements listed above, dispersion calculations shall be performed to confirm that the
concentration of flammable vapor at grade, at any equipment or at any platform is below 50 percent
of the LFL at 25 percent of the rated capacity of the PR valve.
i) [S] For PR valve discharges to atmosphere, with a low probability of ignition, Radiant Density from
ignition shall be less than 6000 BTU/hr ft2 (19.2 kW/m2) at grade or frequently manned (once per
shift or more) platform. Equation (24) in API STD 521, Section 6.4.2.3.3 shall be used to estimate
the radiant heat density. The fraction of heat radiated, F, shall be set at 0.1 for hydrogen and methane
and at 0.25 for all other hydrocarbons. For PR valve discharges to atmosphere with a higher
probability of ignition, requirements listed in 5.1.2.1 item (k) shall be met.
j) [S] When radiant heat density exceeds 3000 BTU/hr ft2 (9.6 kW/m2), on frequently manned platforms,
ladders must be available such that the structure provides shielding from radiation during escape.
k) [S] If the released material is above 600F (310C) or its autoignition temperature, whichever is
lower, or the release material is ethane or lighter, the radiant heat density shall only be at or greater
than 3000 BTU/hr ft2 (9.6 kW/m2) provided automatic SHE critical instrumentation is installed that
would reduce the frequency (and duration) of such releases (e.g. a pressure high cutoff). Without
such instrumentation the limit for these materials shall be 3000 BTU/hr ft2 (9.6 kW/m2).
l) [S] Discharge risers for PR devices in hydrogen service (greater than 50 mole percent hydrogen) shall
be equipped with toroidal rings according to Figure A–8.
m) [S] For atmospheric discharges, the maximum exit velocity at design capacity is 75 percent of sonic.
n) [S] Flame arresters shall not be installed on atmospheric vents from pressure relief devices.
o) [A] [M] Corrosion protection for atmospheric discharge risers such as galvanizing shall be specified
and approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
5.1.2.2. [New] Snuffing Steam Connections

a) [S] [A] Snuffing steam shall be installed for PR valve discharges to the atmosphere containing greater
than 50 mole percent hydrogen, or vapors above their autoignition temperature. Snuffing steam
connections for flammable vapors below their autoignition temperature shall be specified by the
Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] When required, snuffing steam shall be installed in either of the following ways:
1) At least a NPS 1 in. (25 mm) steam line shall be tied directly to a separate connection on the
discharge riser per Figure A–6. The steam isolation valve, normally closed, and a 3/4 in. (20 mm)
bleeder, normally open, shall be located adjacent to each other at a safe location (typically grade)
accessible to the operator. The discharge of the bleeder shall be directed to an open drain or catch
basin. Or,
2) At least a NPS 1 in. (25 mm) line with a block valve and hose connection shall be separately
connected to the discharge riser, per Figure A–7. The block valve and hose connection shall be
located within 20 ft (6.1 m) of a steam utility station and shall be accessible to an operator.
c) [S] The snuffing steam line shall be traced and insulated if vapors leaking from the PR valve contain
enough water to condense, freeze, and block the steam line.
d) [S] [A] Nitrogen can be used in place of snuffing steam, subject to approval by the Owner’s Engineer.

5.1.2.3. [New] Compliance with Environmental Regulations

[E] Fugitive emissions from non-relieving PR valves shall conform to any local regulatory requirements.
5.1.3. [New] PR Valves Discharging to a Closed System
5.1.3.1. [New] Discharge Piping for PR Devices Discharging into a Closed System
a) [S] Discharge piping for PR devices discharging to a closed system shall be installed to continuously
slope downward toward the flare header or other closed system at a minimum of 1:480.
b) [S] The line shall connect into the top of the flare header or into the vapor space of process/collection
equipment to prevent liquid from entering the line.
c) [I] [*] When practical, connecting into the flare header at a 45 degree angle in the direction of flow
should be considered to minimize piping pressure losses and reaction forces (especially for high
velocity discharges).
d) [S] All flare headers entering or leaving a blowdown drum (or equivalent) shall have a minimum
slope of 1:480 towards the drum.
e) [S] All headers leaving a flare seal drum shall have a minimum slope of 1:480 towards the drum.
f) [S] [A] PR devices discharging into flare headers in plugging service, (e.g., polymer or viscous
service, wet and freezing service, or hydrate or salt deposition), shall be provided with facilities to
prevent fouling or plugging. These facilities shall be designated as safety critical and the design shall
be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
5.1.3.2. [New] PR Device Discharges Containing Oxygen

a) [S] Pressure relief discharges to a flare shall not exceed 1 percent oxygen by volume.
b) [S] [A] For systems equipped with continuous purging from permanently piped purge points at the
extremities of the flare system (i.e., every lateral is purged), the allowable oxygen concentration in the
discharge can be increased to 3 percent by volume subject to approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
However, this relaxation is not applicable to systems that are continuously purged only at the base of
the flare stack, or to systems that are non-purged or intermittently purged.
c) [S] When a system may equal or exceed 1 percent oxygen during specific well defined alternative
operations, such as during unit regeneration, pressure relief valves that normally discharge into a
closed pressure relief system shall be arranged so that the discharge can be readily diverted to a
combustor that is designed to handle oxygen-rich hydrocarbon mixtures within the flammable range.
API 520 PT II-5.2. Addition: Safe Disposal of Relieving Fluids

5.2.1. [New] Disposition of Thermal Relief Valve Discharges
a) [S] [E] Within Process Areas:
1) Thermal relief valves when used on piping and other equipment handling flammable, hazardous,
toxic or combustible liquids shall discharge to a closed system.
2) Steam Condensate can be discharged to a sewer system or to a safe location at grade.
b) [S] [E] Outside Process Areas:
1) Thermal relief valves when used on piping and other equipment handling flammable, toxic, or
hazardous liquids shall discharge to a closed system.

2) Thermal relief valves on piping and other equipment handling combustible fluids should
preferentially discharge to a closed system.
3) If discharge of combustible fluids to a closed system is not practical, the discharge shall be
directed to a sewer and comply with the following:
i) The discharge shall be located such that a leaking or discharging thermal relief valve can be
visibly monitored.
ii) Discharge to sewer shall comply with all applicable local regulations.
iii) Discharge to the sewer shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
4) Thermal relief valves for dock lines should be grouped together and discharged to a closed
gathering system.
5) Steam Condensate can be discharged to a sewer system or to a safe location at grade.
5.2.2. [New] Disposal of PR Device Discharges to Atmosphere
5.2.2.1. [New] PR Valves in Flammable Service Discharging to Atmosphere

[S] PR valves discharging flammable vapor with an average molecular weight greater than 80, or which
condense at ambient conditions, shall be discharged to a closed system.
5.2.2.2. [New] PR Valves in Toxic Gas/Vapor Service Discharging to Atmosphere

[S] PR devices in toxic gas/vapor service shall discharge to a closed system when any one of the
following conditions is satisfied:
a) Discharge of toxic gas/vapor that may condense at ambient conditions.
b) PR devices in toxic gas/vapor service that would result in the calculated concentration at any
platform, or working area to exceed the STEL. The adequacy of dispersion shall be verified over the
entire range of potential release rates from 25 percent of the rated capacity to the rated capacity of the
PR valve, (for modulating pilot-operated PR valves from 25 percent of the rated capacity, or at the
minimum anticipated relief load if lower, to the rated capacity).
c) Discharge to the atmosphere would result in the calculated fenceline concentration at grade, or other
exposed location beyond the fence, exceeding the ERPG-2 (or 50 percent IDLH where ERPG-2 is not
defined). The adequacy of dispersion shall be verified over the entire range of potential release rates
from 25 percent of the rated capacity to the rated capacity of the PR valve, (for modulating pilot-
operated PR valves from 25 percent of the rated capacity, or at the minimum anticipated relief load if
lower, to the rated capacity).
5.2.2.3. [New] Discharge of Liquids to Atmosphere

[S] [E] If a PR valve (or open vent or pressure-vacuum vent installed for overpressure protection) is
installed in a partially liquid-filled vessels, or tower, or if the vessel can become liquid filled or discharge
liquid during the emergency, atmospheric discharge is ONLY permitted under the following situations:
a) The potential liquid release is water or a similar non-hazardous liquid at a temperature below 150F
(65C) AND provided that the PR valve is sized for liquid overfill as a design or remote contingency,
as may be applicable.
b) Liquid overfill (or liquid release) is rendered a double contingency by the installation of a high level
HIPS (refer to DP XV-C and GP 15-07-06).

c) Liquid overfill (or liquid release) is a rendered a remote contingency by the installation of
independent high level alarm and high level cutout system (refer to DP XV-C).
5.2.2.4. [New] Disposal of Nuisance Vapors

a) [E] If local regulations require disposal of vapors which are malodorous, or might be significant
contributors to atmospheric pollution, into the closed system, these releases shall be included in the
sizing of the closed system.
b) [E] It is desirable to dispose of vapors that might be significant contributors to atmospheric pollution
to a closed system. However, such releases should not be used to size the closed system but, should
be tied into the closed system up to the limit of its capacity. The order of preference for tying-in into
the closed system shall be: (1) unsaturated hydrocarbons (2) saturated hydrocarbon.
c) [E] It is desirable to dispose of malodorous vapors to a closed system. However, such releases should
not be used to size the closed system but, should be tied into the closed system up to the limit of its
capacity.
d) [S] [E] If a contingency exists, where nuisance vapors can be released simultaneously with an
emergency relief discharging into the closed system, then, the nuisance vapors shall be included in the
sizing of the closed system.
5.2.2.5. [New] PR Valves in Non Flammable Service

a) [S] PR devices discharging to atmosphere nonflammables such as air, inert gas, steam, or hot water
shall be furnished with outlet piping to direct the flow away from areas where personnel may be
present.
b) [S] Hot water discharges shall be equipped with a disengaging device (piping tee or similar) to route
steam to the atmosphere and water to grade away from walkways.
API 520 PT II-5.3. Addition: Back Pressure Limitations and Sizing of

Pipe
5.3.1. [New] Superimposed Back-Pressure Limit for Non-Discharging PR Devices
[S] The maximum superimposed back-pressure for non-discharging PR valves during a maximum system
release (from either single or multiple valve releases under a design contingency) shall be as follows:
For spring-loaded, conventional PR valves:
Psi (max)  0.17 HTF Pset
For balanced bellows and pilot-operated valves:
Psi (max)  0.50 HTF Pset
Where:
Psi (max) = Maximum superimposed back-pressure for non-discharging PR valves during a
maximum system release
HTF = Hydrotest Factor, dimensionless
Pset = Pressure relief valve set pressure

API 520 PT II-5.5. Addition: Stresses in Discharge Piping During

Release
5.5.1. [New] Protection of PR Valve Outlet Piping
[S] PR device outlet piping shall be designed to resist reactive forces from discharge and prevent
excessive vibration during discharge.
5.5.2. [New] Reaction Forces for PR Device Discharge to Closed System

[S] [A] PR devices that discharge primarily liquid or mixed phase fluids shall not discharge directly into a
vapor disposal system unless the system has been designed to absorb the reaction forces arising from
liquid or mixed phase flow. The magnitude of the reaction forces shall be estimated from the following
equation to determine if the integrity of the disposal system can absorb the reaction force without damage.
W 1 
F   V cos  θ 
 g  2 
Where:
F = Force, lb (kg)
W = Flow rate, lb/sec (kg/sec)
g = 32.2 ft/sec2 (9.81 m/sec2)
V = Fluid velocity, ft/sec (m/sec)
 = Included angle of the direction change
An alternative equation may be used with the approval of the Owner’s Engineer.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 6: Isolation (Stop)

Valves in Pressure-Relief Piping
API 520 PT II-6.2. Addition: Application
6.2.1. [New] Isolation of PR Devices
a) [S] [M] A block valve shall be installed between the protected equipment and any PR device that
cannot be removed for maintenance without shutting down a unit or part of a unit needed for
operation.
b) [S] [M] A block valve shall be installed on the discharge side of any PR device that discharges into a
manifold, riser, or header serving other pressure relief devices.
API 520 PT II-6.3. Addition: Isolation Valve Requirements

6.3.6. [New] Additional Requirements for Use of Block Valves
a) [S] Block valves associated with PR devices, pressure relief paths, and flare headers shall meet the
following additional requirements:

1) Valves shall be car-sealed open (CSO).

2) Valves shall be full port, gate, ball, or plug type.
3) Gate valves shall be installed with stems oriented horizontal or downward.
4) Quarter turn ball valves are permitted provided they can be effectively car-sealed open (CSO).
5) [A] Three-way valves are permitted where dual PR devices with interlock are required, provided
all nominal port sizes are equal to or greater than the PR valve nominal flange size. A
mechanical device or a key system shall be used when interlocks are required. Such installations
require approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] Any additional block valves in the inlet and discharge line of a PR device shall be avoided or
made car-sealed open (CSO).
c) [S] [*] Unless otherwise specified, car sealed open block valves associated with PR devices and flare
headers shall be painted yellow.
6.3.7. [New] Use of Bleed Valves

[S] The use and location of bleed valves shall be governed by the following:
a) A bleed valve shall be installed between the PR device and the inlet block valve.
b) A bleed valve shall be installed between the PR device and the outlet block valve.
c) A body bleed valve on the block valve is acceptable.
d) The installation of bleed valves for thermal relief valve is optional and shall be consistent with the
local site practice.
e) Flangeless drip rings shall not be used to install bleed valves.
f) Bleed valves shall be reinforced (gusseted) per GP 03-18-01.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 7: Bonnet or Pilot

Vent Piping
API 520 PT II-7.3. Addition: Balanced Bellows Valves
7.3.1. [New] Additional Requirements for Balanced Bellows Valves
a) [S] [A] [E] The use of balanced bellows pressure relief (PR) valves shall be approved by the Owner’s
Engineer. They should be considered if the following conditions exist:
1) Excessive variation in superimposed back-pressure.
2) The built up back-pressure exceeds 10 percent of the set pressure.
3) The service is fouling.
b) [S] [A] For new designs, the total back-pressure (built-up plus superimposed) shall be limited to 50
percent of the set pressure for balanced bellows type PR valves. For retrofits, the maximum total
back-pressure for which the manufacturer publishes back-pressure correction factor, Kb, may be
allowed with the approval of the Owner’s Engineer. The built up back-pressure shall be calculated
based on the frictional plus kinetic pressure changes.

c) [S] When total back-pressure for balanced bellows relief valves exceeds 30 percent of the set
pressure, the back-pressure correction factor shall be obtained from the valve manufacturer to verify
the capacity of the valve.
d) [S] The total back-pressure shall not exceed the maximum back-pressure limit for the bellows (as
defined by the manufacturer).
7.3.2. [New] Design of Bonnet Venting System of Bellows PR Valves
7.3.2.1. [New] Design of Bonnet Venting System—General

[S] All Bellows type PR valve installations shall be per the following:
a) [A] The bonnet venting system shall be designed per Figures A–1 through A–4 as specified by the
Owner’s Engineer, based on the fluid that can be released.
b) Bonnet plug shall be removed.
c) Piping connected to the bonnet vent shall be relatively short with no obstructions, and shall be well
supported.
d) The bellows shall be vented to a location at atmospheric pressure.
e) [A] Valves can be installed in bellows vents lines only when venting to a closed system. In such
cases, the valve shall be car sealed-open (CSO) and the bellows vent disposition shall be carefully
analyzed to determine the potential for building up back-pressure. The final design of the bellows
vent shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
f) Liquid service design per 7.3.2.3 shall be used when, the controlling contingency is liquid or two
phase release, or, vessel overfill could lift the PR valve and result in leakage of hazardous liquid.
7.3.2.2. [New] Design of Bellows Valves Handling Vapors or Gas

a) [S] Design for non toxic gas or vapor shall be per Figure A-1.
b) [S] Design for toxic gas or vapor service shall be per Figure A-1 if the concentration at the PR valve
inlet and in the discharge system prior to relief is less than the IDLH.
c) [S] Design for toxic gas or vapor services shall be per Figure A-2 if the concentration at the PR valve
inlet or in the discharge system prior to relief is greater than or equal to the IDLH.
d) [S] Follow local requirements where these are more stringent
7.3.2.3. [New] Design of Bellows Valves Handling Liquids or Two Phases

a) [S] Design for liquid service should be per Figure A-3.
b) [S] Design for toxic liquid service shall be per Figure A-4.
c) [S] Design for flashing liquid services or two phase service shall be per Figure A-4.
d) [S] Follow local requirements where these are more stringent.
API 520 PT II-7.4. Addition: Balanced Piston Valves

7.4.1. [New] Additional Requirements for Balanced Piston Valves
a) [S] [A] The use of balanced piston valves shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] [A] The design of the venting system for balanced piston valves shall be approved by the Owner’s
Engineer.

API 520 PT II-7.5. Addition: Pilot-Operated Valves

7.5.1. [New] General Requirements for Pilot-Operated Valves
a) [S] [E] [A] The use of pilot-operated PR valves shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] Pilot-operated relief valves shall be considered for new installations in non-fouling service when
the built-up back-pressure or the variable superimposed back-pressure can exceed 50 percent of the
set pressure.
c) [S] [R] Pilot-operated valves shall meet the following requirements:
1) Valve shall be of a piston-type, non-flowing pilot design.
2) [A] Use of flowing-type pilot valves in hydrocarbon service, hazardous liquid service or toxic
gas/vapor service requires approval by the Owner's Engineer.
3) [A] Use of diaphragm type in lieu of a piston type in pilot-operated pressure relief valves requires
approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
7.5.2. [New] Pilot Valve Accessories

[S] [R] Pilot-operated pressure relief valves shall be provided with the following:
a) Backflow preventer.
b) A "pilot supply filter" shall be provided in the sensing line of each pilot.
c) Lifting devices (e.g., lugs) for lifting in the upright position without damage to the tubing.
7.5.3. [New] Pilot Valve Venting

[S] Pilot valves shall discharge in a manner similar to bellows vent (per figure A-1, A-2, A-3, or A-4) for
the following services:
a) Flowing type pilot valves.
b) When there is a potential for a failure, i.e., diaphragm, "O" ring, etc. during normal operation, which
can result in a release to the atmosphere.
c) Pilot valves which would discharge toxic liquids or gas/vapor.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 8: Drain Piping

API 520 PT II-8.1. Addition: Installation Conditions that Require Drain
Piping
8.1.1. [New] Additional Requirements for Installation Conditions that Require
Drain Piping
a) [S] [A] The design of PR device discharge piping that is not self draining shall be approved by the
Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] If the discharge piping of a PR valve cannot be continuously sloped, a 3/4 in. NPS (20 mm) drain
line from the lowest point in the discharge piping to a small drain pot equipped with a safety critical
high level alarm shall be installed. The drain line from the discharge piping to the drain pot shall be
winterized when appropriate.

c) [S] [A] A 3/4 in. NPS (20 mm) outlet drain line, with a normally closed block valve, from the drain pot
to a catch basin or other safe location shall be installed for draining of the drain pot. Such piping
arrangements require approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
d) [S] The drain pot should be of sufficient size to install an effective LHA.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 9: Pressure-

Relief Device Location and Position
API 520 PT II-9.2. Addition: Proximity to Pressure Source
9.2.1. [New] Pressure Relief Devices on Vessels and Towers
a) [S] [A] Pressure relief devices shall be located directly in the vapor space of the protected vessel or in
the overhead piping. Alternative locations shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] Pressure relief devices in gas/vapor service and which only discharge gas/vapor under all
contingencies may be located on the inlet of the protected vessel/equipment if there is no possibility of
liquid backflow or entrainment.
c) [S] On towers or vessels containing demister pads, pressure relief devices shall be located below the
demister pad unless the following conditions are satisfied:
1) The service is non-plugging/non-fouling.
2) The demister pad is provided with mechanical reinforcement to prevent dislodgment per GP 05-
02-01.
If both the above conditions are satisfied, the pressure relief devices may (but need not) be located
above the demister pad.
9.2.2. [New] Location of PR Valves Installed for Heat Exchanger Tube Failure
a) [S] PR device shall be located on the shell or channel of the exchanger so as to discharge the
minimum volume of fluid from the low pressure side. The location of the PR devices shall be as
follows:
1) For single shell pass exchangers with high pressure in the tubes, the PR device shall be located
near the top center of a horizontal shell.
2) For single or two tube pass heat exchangers with high pressure in the shell, the PR device shall be
located near the top center of the channel.
3) [A] For multitube-pass exchangers with high pressure in the shell, consideration should be given
to division of the required release capacity. If the release capacity is divided, appropriately sized
pressure relief valves shall be located in the top area of every channel sections. Final proposals
shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] When a pressure relief device is installed on a heat exchanger to protect against tube failure, the
selection of the pressure relief valve or rupture disk shall be per the following:
1) Use a pressure relief valve or RD if the low pressure process fluid contains vapor (or is a two-
phase mixture).
2) Use a pressure relief valve if both sides contain only liquid and no flashing will occur as a result
of the failure.

3) Use a rupture disk if the low pressure process fluid contains only liquid and the high pressure side
contains vapor or flashing will occur as a result of the tube failure.
c) [S] If a rupture disk is used for protection of a heat exchanger against tube failure, the set pressure of
the rupture disk shall be set at or below the design pressure of the low pressure side and shall
accommodate the pressure transient that might exist at the time of failure, due to a high pressure
difference between the shell side and tube-side.
9.2.3. [New] Thermal Relief Valves for Heat Exchangers

[S] For heat exchangers, when thermal relief valves are installed for overpressure protection, the thermal
relief valve shall be installed on the cold side of the shell-and-tube or double pipe exchangers, upstream
of any isolation valves.
API 520 PT II-9.5. Exception: Test or Lifting Levers

[*] [O] Pressure relief valves shall be furnished with extended spindles or lift levers only if in-situ testing
is specified or local codes require the devices.
API 520 PT II-9.6. Addition: Heat Tracing and Insulation

9.6.1. [New] Requirements for PR Valves in Plugging Service
a) [S] PR devices in service where plugging can occur shall be provided with one of the following:
1) A SHE critical heat tracing system
2) A continuous SHE critical purge or blowback injection of clean fluid.
3) [A] Insulation jackets can be used in lieu of heat tracing, subject to the Owner’s Engineer
approval.
b) [S] SHE critical insulation and tracing, consistent with the associated line specification, shall extend
up to but not including the inlet flange and begin again beyond the outlet flange (if applicable) and
should also include the bypass valve and piping if provided.
c) [S] PR valve body shall not be heat traced or insulated unless subject to freezing (i.e., relieving
material is subject to autorefrigeration or a balanced bellows PR valve is in cold service where water
vapor can condense and freeze).
d) [S] When purge or blowback is used, a SHE critical Restriction Orifice (RO) sized appropriately shall
be used to provide the following minimum velocities in the inlet line:
1) 3.0 ft/s (1 m/s), if steam is used as the purge fluid.
2) 1.0 ft/s (0.3 m/s), if treat gas or other gases are used as the purge fluid.
3) 0.1 ft/s (0.03 m/s), if flushing oil is used as the purge fluid.

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 10: Bolting and

Gasketing
API 520 PT II-10.2. Addition: Proper Gasketing and Bolting for
Service Requirements
10.2.1. [New] Additional Requirements for Proper Gasketing and Bolting
a) [S] PR valve(s) and their block valves shall be designed to prevent loosening by vibration for the
following services:
1) Liquid service.
2) Services where PR valve(s) chattering is suspected, or there is a history of PR valve(s) chattering.
b) [S] [*] When it is required that the PR valve installation be designed specifically to prevent loosening,
higher class rated flanges, elastic stop nuts, safety wiring, double lock nuts, controlled bolt up
procedures, double nutting, tack welding, or spring washers, e.g., Belleville Springs, may be selected
based on local practice. For modulating pilot-operated pressure relief valves this requirement can be
ignored.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 12: Pre-

Installation Handling and Inspection
API 520 PT II-12.3. Addition: Inspection and Testing of Pressure-
Relief Valves
12.3.1. [New] Additional Requirements for Inspection and Testing of Pressure-
Relief Valves
a) [S] Pressure relief valves shall be hydrostatically tested after assembly with a gag in place. The gag
shall be removed prior to valve set pressure and leakage tests. The valve body shall be tested
hydraulically or pneumatically, depending on the valve's service, as follows:
1) The inlet side shall be tested at 1.5 times the specified set pressure for casting integrity.
2) The outlet side shall be tested at 1.5 times the maximum allowable back-pressure specified by the
manufacturer for casting integrity.
3) The outlet side shall be tested at a minimum pressure of 50 psig (345 kPa gauge) for soundness of
mating parts.
b) [S] [E] Prior to field installation, but no more than 60 days prior to startup of the unit, all pressure
relief valves shall be shop tested by qualified personnel for set pressure followed by a test for seat
leakage, using air, steam or water. The set pressure test shall be a full-pop test. The seat leakage test
shall be per API STD 527. Cold differential set pressures shall be stated on the pressure relief valve
data sheet, and shall be stamped on the nameplate in accordance with API STD 526.
c) [S] Pressure relief valves shall not be gagged to permit hydrostatic testing of equipment or piping.
Blinds shall be installed as required.

12.4.1. [New] Inspection of Rupture Disk Devices

[S] Representative samples of RDs shall be tested by the manufacturer at the rated temperature per the
certification provisions of the ASME SEC VIII D1 and ASME SEC VIII D2. At least one test shall be
made with the RD installed upside-down. RD fails the test if the upside-down test burst pressure exceeds
the proof test pressure of the equipment being protected. If the RD is to be used in liquid filled systems,
the test system shall also be liquid filled.
Addition to API RP 520 PT II—[New] Section 13: Additional

Requirements
13.1. [New] Pressure-Relief Valve Selection
[S] GP 03-15-01 shall be used for selection, design, inspection, testing, and preparation for shipment of
pressure relief valves.
13.2. [New] Pressure-Relief Valve Sizing

a) [S] Pressure relief devices shall be sized in accordance with DP XV-C, API STD 520 PT I, API STD
521, and governing regulations or codes, whichever is more stringent.
b) [S] The minimum size of PR valves shall be as follows:
1) 1 in. NPS (25 mm), inlet size, "D" orifice, with flanged inlet and outlet connections.
2) 3/4 in. NPS (20 mm) inlet size when used only for protection against liquid thermal expansion.
This size may be used with threaded inlet and outlet connections.
3) [A] The use of smaller sizes shall be approved by the Owner’s Engineer.
c) [E] [*] [O] [R] Unless otherwise specified, pressure relief valves with Q, R, and T size orifices shall
not be used where the operating temperature exceeds 350F (177C) and the molecular weight is less
than 10 without Owner Engineer’s approval.
d) [S] [A] Pressure relief valves with orifice sizes larger than T (16,775 mm2 or 26.0 in2) or with inlet
flanges larger than NPS 8 in. (200 mm) shall not be used without Owner Engineer’s approval.
e) [S] [*] The need for vacuum relief valves on pressurized storage vessels and process vessels to
prevent the vessel from damage will be specified.
13.3. [New] Use of Capacity Certified Relief Valves

[O] ASME Capacity Certified liquid relief valves shall not be used for services in which some of the
contingencies relieve vapor/gas/two-phases, unless the only contingency capable of generating vapor, gas
or two-phase flow is external fire.
13.4. [New] Insulation Credit in Sizing PR Device for Fire Exposure

a) [S] Credit can be taken for vessel insulation when determining the required PR device sizes for fire
exposure; subject to the following:
1) Credit may be taken for the following insulation systems on steel vessels and vessels constructed
of low melting point material, such as aluminum, when the insulation is held in place by systems
that will withstand a fire (cellular glass, mineral fiber (Class II), expanded Perlite, calcium silicate
(Types I and II), aerogel blanket, and lightweight or dense cementitious).

2) Stainless steel banding (for example, a galvanized steel or stainless steel jacket), secured with "S"
clips and adequately spaced, shall be used for the purpose of securing jacketing to survive fire
exposure. Jacketing is not required for cementitious.
3) Credit is allowed for plastic foam, and similar types of materials, which melt or decompose under
fire exposure conditions if covered with materials such as those in sub-bullet (i) of Item a) and
protected with a galvanized or aluminum coated steel, or stainless steel, jacket.
4) When credit for plastic foam insulation is taken, the material shall have a flame spread
classification of 25 or less per ASTM 84, and the covering shall prevent the plastic foam from
decomposing or melting when the insulation system is exposed to a temperature of 1660F
(900C) for two hours. Credit may also be taken for the insulation property of the covering
material.
b) [S] Where credit is taken for vessel insulation, a Caution Sign, as shown below, shall be provided, on
the vessel.
c) CAUTION
SIZING OF PR VALVE TAKES CREDIT FOR VESSEL INSULATION.
DO NOT REMOVE OR MODIFY WITHOUT APPROVAL.
13.5. [New] Protection of Piping against Liquid Thermal Expansion

a) [S] [*] Need for thermal expansion overpressure protection for piping shall be specified (Refer to DP
XV-C and API STD 521 for further details).
b) [S] A nominal 3/4 by 1 in (20 mm x 25 mm) "thermal relief" pressure relief valve shall be used for
protection of piping against overpressure caused by liquid thermal expansion. The valve shall be
installed in the following situations:
1) Sections of line 100 ft (30 m) or more in length or 250 gallons (1000 l) or more in volume that are
normally at or below ambient temperatures and which can be blocked in by metal-seated valves
or by check valves.
2) All sections of line that are normally at or below ambient temperatures, which can be blocked in
by soft-seated valves.
3) Lines similar to a) or b) that operate above ambient temperature but can be heated further by heat
tracing.
4) Larger PR valves are required, if the liquid can boil at the elevated temperatures.
c) [S] [A] Thermal relief PR valves protecting piping (only) against liquid thermal expansion shall be set
to relieve at the system design pressure, or, where permitted by the Owner’s Engineer, at 1.20 times
the design pressure of the pipe.
d) [S] [A] [C] When approved by the Owner’s Engineer and the isolation valve is not an EBV, a 1 in.
(25 mm) car sealed-open (CSO) bypass and check valve around the block valve may be installed
instead of a thermal relief valve. Leakage through the check valve under all operating conditions
shall be acceptable to the Owner’s Engineer.
e) [S] [C] When thermal expansion overpressure is a contingency but a PR device is not installed to
protect against thermal expansion, a manually operated bleeder valve arranged to discharge at a safe
place shall be installed to prevent overpressure due to thermal expansion of trapped liquids.

f) [S] [C] When thermal expansion overpressure is a contingency but a PR device is not installed to
protect against thermal expansion, excessive pressure buildup in piping may be prevented by drilling
a 1/4 in. (6 mm) diameter hole through the flapper of a check valve (e.g., in pump discharge piping).
However, the following conditions shall be satisfied when using this method:
1) [A] A careful process study of the piping system has been performed in each case to confirm
adequacy of this method of protection and the method has been approved by the Owner’s
Engineer.
2) A check valve flapper drilled in this manner, shall be identified with a stainless steel tag attached
to the valve body with stainless steel wire. The tag shall be steel stamped with 1/4 in. high letters
as follows: "Flapper Contains 1/4 in. Hole for Thermal Expansion."
13.6. [New] Protection of Heat Exchangers against Liquid Thermal Expansion

a) [S] When a PR device is not installed for thermal expansion overpressure protection and the block
valves are located at the heat exchanger, a Caution Sign satisfying the following conditions shall be
provided.
1) For installations in the USA, a porcelain enameled sign per ANSI Z35.1, as shown below, shall
be placed at the isolation block valves of each exchanger not equipped with a permanently open
bypass. The sign shall be approximately 7 in. x 10 in. (175 x 250 mm) with 1/4 in. (6 mm) high
black letters on yellow background. For other countries, a sign of similar composition and
dimensions, with a similar message in the language of the country, shall be provided.
CAUTION
Thermal Expansion of trapped liquid can cause overpressure

Isolate hot side first/Line up hot side last!
DO NOT CLOSE BOTH COLD SIDE VALVES UNLESS YOU OPEN A DRAIN.
2) The sign shall not be mounted on piping or equipment that would normally be removed or
stripped during maintenance.
b) [S] When a PR device is not installed for thermal expansion overpressure protection and isolation
valves are remote from the exchanger, one of the following methods of protection shall be used:
1) A small permanently open car sealed-open (CSO) bypass valve around one of the block valves
and a caution sign per 13.5.a.i shall be installed.
2) Installation of a PR valve.
c) [S] Valves to sample coolers do not require a caution sign.
13.7. [New] Protection for Positive Displacement Pumps and Metering Pumps
a) [S] Internal relief valves on diaphragm metering pumps are not acceptable in lieu of external PR
valves unless all of the following criteria are met:
1) Pump capacity is less than 10 gpm (0.63 L/s).
2) Pump is in non-hazardous liquid service.
3) Internal pressure relief valve setting is 250 psig (1700 kPa) or less.
When these conditions cannot be met, an external PR valve shall be located on the pump discharge.
b) [S] Other positive displacement pumps shall be provided with external PR valves.

13.8. [New] Requirements for Installation of Manual Bypass Valves for PR Valve
Maintenance
a) [*] [M] When specified, a valved manual bypass can be provided around a pressure relief device that
can be isolated for maintenance during normal operation except for pressure relief devices that are
only for thermal overpressure protection. The size of the bypass and its associated block valve shall
be such that the cross-sectional area is equal to or greater than the actual relief area of the largest
pressure relief device that may be isolated at any one time.
b) [S] [*] Bypass valves, when installed, shall meet the following criteria:
1) Minimum size is that of the PR device inlet flange, using full port block valves. Maximum size is
that of the PR device inlet pipe.
2) Car seals and color coding are not required on bypass valves.
3) The bypass valve body shall be horizontal, with the inlet line draining back to the PR device inlet
line and the outlet line draining forward to the discharge line so no low points are formed in the
valve body. The stem of the bypass valve can be in any direction.
4) A valved connection for a pressure gauge must be provided upstream of the bypass valve.
5) If discharge is atmospheric, the bypass valve location shall not be exposed to more than 3,000
Btu/hr-ft2 (9.6 kW/m2) in case of ignition and the escape path from it shall not be exposed to more
than 6,000 Btu/hr-ft2 (19.2 kW/m2).
6) [A] Bypass valves leading to atmosphere shall be double-blocked unless this requirement is
waived by the Owner's Engineer.
13.9. [New] Use of Alternative PR Devices

[S] [A] Use of pressure relief devices other than those mentioned in API Standard 520 Part I and require
approval by the Owner’s Engineer.
Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Appendix B: Installation

and Maintenance of Pin-Actuated Non-Reclosing Pressure-
Relief Devices
API 520 PT II-Appendix B. Addition: Installation and Maintenance of
Pin-Actuated Non-Reclosing Pressure-Relief Devices
B.1.1. [New] Additional General Requirements
a) [S] [A] Buckling pin valves (BPV) and Breaking pin devices may be used in conjunction with, or as a
substitute for PR valves only with the approval of the Owner’s Engineer.
b) [S] Conventional or balanced Buckling pin and Breaking pin devices are acceptable.
c) [S] If the Buckling pin or Breaking pin device contains an internal check valve, it shall be used in
clean service only.

Appendix: Figures
Figure A–1: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling Low Toxic
Concentration or Non-Toxic Vapors (1), (2)
Short Nipple or Nipple with an

Elbow to avoid impingement
on Vessels, Lines or
Personnel Walkways
Note (3)
CSO
CSO
Platform
NOTES:
(1) This arrangement applies for non-toxic vapor/gas, or toxic vapor/gas with concentration at the the PR valve inlet and in
the discharge system, prior to relief, less than the IDLH.
(2) Arrangement in Figure A-1 can be used for liquid releases when the following conditions are satisfied:
a. The potential liquid release is water or similar non-hazardous liquid at a temperature below 150F (65C).
b. Liquid overfill (or liquid release) is a double contingency.
c. Liquid overfill (or liquid release) is a remote contingency.
(3) If specified by the Owner’s Engineer, the vent point may be extended to the edge of the platform with supports similar to
those shown in Figure A-2.

Figure A-2: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling High Toxic
Concentration Vapors (1)
Normally Plugged,
Used for Testing Note (2)
To Safe Location
Loose Fit
Notes (3) (4) (5)

NPS 3/4 in.
(20 mm)
CSO
4 ft. Max to
1st Support
(1.3 m)
Handrail
CSO
Platform
NOTES:
(1) This arrangement applies if the concentration of the toxic vapor/gas at the PR valve inlet or in the discharge system, prior to
relief, is greater than or equal to the IDLH.
(2) Testing valve may be omitted when site does not regularly test for bellows leakage.
(3) Vent piping to be horizontal or slope downward to prevent intrusion of rain water. No liquid traps.
(4) Edge of platform normally recognized as a safe location.
(5) Discharge to be directed to avoid impingement on vessels lines or personnel walkway.

Figure A–3: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling Low Toxic
Concentration or Non-Toxic Liquids (1)
Loose Fit
NPS 3/4 in.

(20 mm)
CSO
Open Funnel
(If permitted by
environmental
Support regulations)
as needed
Note (2)
CSO
NPS 1 in. (25 mm)
Line to Sealed
Sewer at Grade
Platform
NOTES:
(1) Arrangement in Figure A-3 shall be used for liquid releases, when the following conditions are satisfied:
a. The potential liquid release is a hazardous liquid.
b. The potential liquid release is at a temperature greater than or equal to 150 F (65C).
c. Liquid overfill (or liquid release) is a design contingency.
(2) If specified by the Owner's Engineer, the vent point may be extended to the edge of the platform with supports similar to
those shown in Figure A-2.

Figure A–4: Bonnet Vent for Bellows Valves Handling High Concentration
Toxic Liquids or Flashing Liquid and Vapor
NPS 1 in. (25 mm) Vent to Atmosphere

10 ft (3.0 m) Above and Outside
Limits of Walkway [within 50 ft (15 m)]
Normally Plugged,
Used for Testing Note (3)
Loose Fit NPS 4 in.

(100 mm) Pot
Notes (1) (2)
NPS 3/4 in.

(20 mm)
CSO
4 ft Max to
First Support
(1.3 m)
Handrail
NPS 1 in. (25 mm)

Line to Sealed
Sewer at Grade
CSO
Platform
NOTES:
(1) For flashing liquid and vapor the pot shall be large enough to disengage the liquid. Leakage rate should be based on the
clearance between the valve stem and the stem guide using the maximum total backpressure. The 4 in. pot shown will
disengage saturated propane liquid at 50 psig with minimal back pressure up to a size M orifice. Stem to guide clearance
is equivalent to 0.022 in.2 (14 mm2). Larger pots shall be provided for alternative situations.
(2) Vent line to enter pot at 2/3 of the pot height.
(3) Testing valve may be omitted when site does not regularly test bellows for leakage.

Figure A–5: Rupture Disk-Pressure Relief Valve Installation

Vent to Safe
Location
PR
1/2 in. (13 mm)
Tubing CSO
To Flare Header
or Atmosphere
(If required) (No pockets)
Excess Min.
Flow
Valve NPS 3/4 in.
CSO (19 mm)
Gusseted
NPS 3/4 in.
(19 mm)
RD
Min
TW Note (1)
NPS 3/4 in.

(19 mm)
(If required) CSO

PI Note (3)
From Process
(No pockets)
4 ft - 0 in.
Note (2)
Grade (Or frequently used platform)
NOTES:
(1) Optional; provide if specified by owner's engineer.
(2) Pressure indicator and valve used to check for blown rupture disks so it should be accessible.
(3) Show pressure relief valve tag number on pressure indicator.

Figure A–6: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hard Piped
Supports, as required
Slope
NPS 1 in.
This Line Shall Not
3/4 in. Drain
Contain Pockets or Traps
Hole Note (3)
Note (1)
At Grade or NPS 1 in.
Accessible Steam
Platform
NPS 3/4 in. Normally Open Note (2)
NOTES:
(1) See Par. 5.1.2.1(c) regarding requirements for additional piping and nipple.
(2) The drain line shall be at a safe location away from actuating valves for the steam.
(3) The snuffing steam line shall be traced and insulated if vapors leaking from the PR valve contain enough water to
condense, freeze, and block the steam line.

Figure A–7: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hose Connection
Supports, as required
Slope
NPS 1 in.
This Line Shall Not Contain
3/4 in. Drain
Pockets or Traps
Hole
Note (4)
Note (2)
At Grade or NPS 1 in.
Accessible Steam
Platform Note (1)
NPS 3/4 in. Normally Open
NOTES: Note (3)
(1) 1 in. hose connection to be within 20 ft of steam utility station.
(2) See Par. 5.1.2.1(c) regarding requirements for additional piping and nipple.
(3) The drain line shall be at a safe location away from actuating valves for the steam.
(4) The snuffing steam line shall be traced and insulated if vapors leaking from the PR valve contain enough water to
condense, freeze, and block the steam line.

Figure A–8: Toroidal Ring for Hydrogen Vents

Toroidal Anti-static Discharge Ring
(Stainless Steel Tubing, Wall Thickness Not Critical)
Vent Stack
Weld
Stack Diameter D, Toroidal Ring Diameter d,

inches (mm) inches (mm)
Less than 8 (200) 1/2 (13)

8 to 12 (200 to 300) 3/4 (20)
Over 12 (over 300) 1 (25)

Record of Change
Version 1.0.0 Date: 03/02
Location Action Description
Initial Publish.

Global Practice version number and format updated to comply with new
process; however, original publish date remains, and no content was
modified.
Paragraph
Revision
Number
1.3) Revised/deleted because API 520 includes some of the references
2.2.1.2.11 1) New - liquid certified PRVs not used for vapor/two-phase releases
2.2.1.3.5 1) Revised to include DP XV-C recommended uses for balanced bellow valves
2.2.1.3.6 1) Revised to include DP XV-C recommended uses for balanced bellow valves
2.2.2.5) New - Added requirements found in DP XV-C
2.3.2.2.3. 2) Revised to include rated temperature requirements for rupture disks.
2.3.6.1 1) Minor clarification revision
2.3.6.1 2) Minor clarification revision
3.2.2 1) Minor revision for metric unit conversion.
3.3.4.1 1) Revised to reflect practice in DP XV-C
3.5.2.2.2 1) Revised to include criteria for boilers.
D.2.2.1 step 4 1) New – Equations have been revised for API 520 example to reflect practice outlined in
DP XV-C
DP XV-C
DP XV-C
DP XV-C

API RP 520 PT II
Paragraph
Revision
Number
2.2.3 1) Revised – Add CSO and valve used in requirements for pilot type valve sensing line
2.2.3 2) New – Add pressure requirement for remote sensing pilot-operated valves to limit
accidental releases.
2.2.3 3) New – Add review requirements for purge gas if used in pilot valve sensing line.
2.2.4 1) Revised – Add slope criteria for inlet piping.
3.1 1) Minor clarification
4.3 1) No change – Deleted two line items (gate valve orientation and three-way valves
permitted) because they are incorporated in API RP 520 Part II
4.3 4) New – Add bypass design information
5.2 1) Revised – Provided additional information related to plugging bellow valve vents and
added item 3 concerning a vent valve requirement for testing the bellows.
New – Clarified which design to follow for liquid discharge
New – Add toxic service criteria
5.2 2) New – No valves allowed in most bellow vent designs.
7.5 1) Added reference to lifting levers
7.6 2) Added information related to tracing and insulating PRV body.
8.2 1) Revised – Made changes related to past discussion where the paragraph is flagged as a
reliability paragraph and provides option related to bolt requirements for PRVs that
can potentially chatter.
API STD 521
Paragraph Revision
Number
3.14.1 2) Revised to include CSO and sign location change
3.14.1 3) Add item c. related to toxics
3.14.2 1) Revised wording for clarification
3.15.5.2 1) Revised to exclude information around plastic insulation
3.18.3 1) Revised to clarify turndown requirement and added reference to hydraulic test pressure
3.18.3 2) Clarified hole type for calculation
3.18.4 4) Added reference to hydraulic test pressure
3.18.6 1) Deleted thermal protection requirement which is covered in paragraph 3.14.1

4.2.1 1) Revised oxygen content in hydrocarbon steam to reflect 50 percent of UEL for most
materials
4.3.3.1. 1) Added reference to dispersion modeling
4.3.6 1) Clarification by ERPG reference for fence line concentration and dispersion modeling
comment
4.4.3.4.2 2) Revised to reflect the need for a water seal.
4.4.3.4.2 New – Water seal versus purge gas requirement added
4.6.1.3.1 Revised to reference API STD 521 when discharging hot material to a safe location
5.4.1.3.4 1) Added bellows type joints
5.4.4.1 1) Add requirement for sonic
Figures A–1 to Add notes
A–4
Figure A–5 Add notes

General  The following sub-bullets highlight updates in the technical content of the Global
Practice:
 Updated definitions of hazardous liquids, toxic chemicals, toxic gas/vapor
service and toxic liquids.
 Modified requirements for PR devices in flammable, toxic gas/vapor or liquid
service discharging to the atmosphere.
 Modified requirements for PR device discharges containing oxygen.
 Clarified design of bonnet venting system, for balanced bellows valves,
depending on the service.
 Added requirements for use of balanced piston valves.
 Clarified requirements for pilot valve venting.
 Insulation credit in sizing PR device for fire exposure.
 The Global Practice was organized, such that all the information is in reference to
API RP 520 Part II, Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-Relieving
Devices in Refineries.
Section Number Revision
Scope  Modified scope to only cover installation and installation requirements of pressure
relieving systems.
 Added clarification for topics not included in the scope of the GP.
Section 2  In current version of the GP, moved reference section to section 2 of API 520 PT
II from section 1.3 of API 520 PT I in previous version of the GP.
 Modified the section to indicated that references listed in current version of the
GP will be used in addition to references used in API 520 PT II instead of
references used in API 520 PT I.

Section 2.1  Section name changed from Global Practices to Company Engineering Practices
in current version of the GP.
 Section numbering changed from 1.3.1 in previous version of the GP to 2.1 in
current version of the GP.
 Added reference to GP 02-01-01, GP 15-07-02, GP 15-07-06 and DP XV-C
Section 2.2 Modified section numbering, changing it from 1.3.2 in previous version of the GP to
section 2.2 in current version of the GP.
Section 2.3 Modified section numbering, changing it from section 1.3.3 in previous version of the
GP to section 2.3 in current version of the GP.
Section 3 Addition of section 3, Definition of Terms, in current version of the GP
Section 4.1.3 Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4, Design of
Relief Devices Discharging Piping, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
Design of Relief Devices Discharging Piping, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
 Bullet (d) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
 Bullet (e) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 2.3.2,
Mechanical Stresses, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (f) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 2.2.2, Size
and Length of Inlet Piping to Pressure Relief Devices, of previous version of the
GP.
 Added Bullet (g) for clarification on treatment of spare valves in determining
nominal cross-sectional area of the inlet line.
Section 4.2.2.1  Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 2.2.2, Size
GP.
 Bullet (b) of section developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.2.1.2.11,
Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP. Modified
bullet designation from [O] to [S].
 Added bullet (c) to clarify acceptable inlet line pressure drop for remote
contingencies.
 Added Bullet (d) to the section added for clarity.
Section 4.2.3.1.1  Bullet (a) added to clarify requirements for acceptable frictional pressure drop for
Remote Sensing Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves.
 Bullet (b) added to outline requirements, when using remote sensing for pilot-
operated valves.
Section 4.2.3.3.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet 3 of section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing
for Pilot-Operated Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) added to avoid the possibility of backflow of process fluid into the
purge gas system.

Section 4.2.3.4  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing
 Bullet (c) is developed from bullet 1 in section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing for Pilot-
Operated Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (d) is developed from bullet 1 in section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing for Pilot-
Operated Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.2.3, Remote Sensing
 Bullet (f) added to new draft to provide clarification.
Section 4.2.4.1 Bullet developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.2.4, Configuration of Inlet
Piping to Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.
Section 4.4.3  Bullet developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.4.2, Determining
Reaction Forces in a Closed Discharge System, of previous version of the GP.
Section 4.6.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet 1 in section 2.3.6.1, Rupture Disk
Selection and Specification, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of second sentence of bullet 1(c) in section
2.3.6.1, Rupture Disk Selection and Specification, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) of section 2.3.6.1,
Rupture Disk Selection and Specification, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (d) developed by modification of bullet 2 of section 2.3.6.1, Rupture Disk
Selection and Specification of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) developed from bullet 1 of section 2.3.2.2.3, Application of Rupture
Disk, of previous version of the GP. Furthermore, "*" designation was removed
from the paragraph and an [O] designation was added.
 Bullet (f) developed by modification of bullet 2 of section 2.3.2.2.3, Application
of Rupture Disks, of previous version of the GP.
Section 4.6.2 Bullet developed by modification of bullet 1 of section 2.3.2.2.1, Application of
Rupture Disks, of previous version of the GP.
Section 4.6.3 New section added to this version of the GP.
Section 5.1.1 Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4, Design of
Relief Devices Discharging Piping, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
 Bullet (c) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
 Bullet (d) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 5.4.1.3.4,
 Bullet (e) of section developed by modification of bullet in section 2.3.2,
Mechanical Stresses, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (f) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 2.2.2, Size
GP.
 Bullet (g) is an addition for clarification on treatment of spare valves in
determining nominal cross-sectional area of the inlet line.

Section 5.1.2.1  Bullet (a) is a new requirement for PR valves discharging to atmosphere.
 Bullet (b) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 5.3.2,
Single Valve Disposal Systems, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 5.3.2,
Single Valve Disposal Systems, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (d) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 4.3.2.2,
Vapor Emission, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 4.3.2.2,
 Added bullet (f).
 Added bullet (g).
 Added bullet (h).
 Bullet (i) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 4.3.2.2,
 Bullet (j) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 4.3.2.2,
 Bullet (k) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 4.3.2.2,
 Bullet (l) of section developed by modification of bullet (3) in section 4.3.4,
Ignition of a Relief Stream at the Point of Emission, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (m) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 5.4.4.1,
Sizing, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (n) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 4.3.1,
General, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (o) of section developed by modification of bullet (3) in section 4.3.1,
General, of previous version of the GP.
Section 5.1.2.2  Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 4.3.4,
Modified bullet designation from [O] to [S].
 Bullet (b) of section developed by modification of sub-bullet (a) and (b) of bullet
(1) in section 4.3.4, Ignition of a Relief Stream at the Point of Emission, of
previous version of the GP. Furthermore, added [S] designation.
Furthermore, added [S] designation.
 Added bullet (d).
Section 5.1.2.3  Bullet (2) in section 4.3.6, Air Pollution, of previous version of GP is now a bullet
in section 5.1.2.3. Modified bullet designation from [S] to [E].
Section 5.1.3.1  Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 3.1,
General Requirements, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) of section developed from bullet (1) in section 3.1, General
Requirements, of previous version of the GP.
 Added Bullet (c).
 Bullet (d) of section developed from bullet (1) in section 5.4.1.3.6, Design of
Relief Device Discharge Piping, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) of section developed from bullet (1) in section 5.4.1.3.6, Design of

Relief Device Discharge Piping, of previous version of the GP.

 Bullet (f) of section developed by modification of bullet (2) in section 5.4.1.3.6,
Design of Relief Device Discharge Piping, of previous version of the GP. Also,
added "*" designation.
Section 5.1.3.2  Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of first sentence of bullet (1) in
section 4.2.1, Physical and Chemical Properties, of previous version of the GP.
Physical and Chemical Properties, of previous version of the GP. Added "*"
designation to bullet.
Physical and Chemical Properties, of previous version of the GP.
Section 5.2.1  Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (a) of section developed by modification of sub-bullet (a),
(b) and (c) of bullet (3) in section 3.14.1, Causes, of previous version of the GP.
Added [E] designation to the bullet.
 Added sub-bullet (2) in this version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (1), (2), (3) and (5) to bullet (b) in this version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (4) of bullet (b) of section developed from bullet (3) in section 3.14.1,
Causes, of previous version of the GP. Added [E] designation to the bullet.
Section 5.2.2.1  Added section in this version of the GP.
Section 5.2.2.5  Bullet (a) of section developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 4.3.1,
General, of previous version of the GP. Removed "*" designation from the bullet.
General, of previous version of the GP. Removed "*" designation from the bullet.
Section 5.3.1  Section developed by modification of content in section 3.3.4.1, Effect of back-
pressure and header design on PRV Sizing and Selection, of previous version of
the GP. Removed "*" designation from the bullet. Equations in this version
updated to be consistent with new version of DP XV-C.
Section 5.5.1  Section developed by modification of sub-bullet (1a) and (1b) of section 2.4.2,
Determining Reaction Forces in a Closed Discharge System, of previous version
of the GP.
Section 5.5.2  Section developed from bullet 2 of section 2.4.2, Determining Reaction Forces in
a Closed Discharge System, of previous version of the GP. Added "*" designation
to the bullet.
Section 6.2.1  Bullet (a) of section developed from bullet (1) of section 4.2, Application, of
previous version of the GP. Added [S] designation to the bullet.
 Bullet (b) of section developed from bullet (2) of section 4.2, Application, of
previous version of the GP. Added [S] designation to the bullet.
Section 6.3.6  Sub-bullets (1) and (2) of bullet (a) of the section developed from sub-bullets (a),
(b) and (c) of bullet (1) of section 4.3, Isolation Valve Requirements, of previous
version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (3) to bullet (a) in current version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (4) to bullet (a) in current version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (5) to bullet (a) in current version of the GP

 Added bullet (b) in current version of the GP.

 Bullet c of section developed from bullet 2 of section 4.3, Isolation Valve
Section 6.3.7  Bullet (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f) developed from sub-bullets (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f) of
bullet 3 of section 4.3, Isolation Valve Requirements, of previous version of the
GP.
 Bullet (d) developed by modification of sub-bullet (d) of bullet 3 of section 4.3,
Isolation Valve Requirements, of previous version of the GP.
Section 7.3.1  Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (a) developed from sub-bullet (a) of bullet 1 of section
2.2.1.3.5, Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (2) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (b) of bullet 1
of section 2.2.1.3.5, Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of
the GP.
 Sub-bullet (3) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (c) of bullet 1
of section 2.2.1.3.5, Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of
the GP
 Bullet (b) developed from bullet (1) of section 3.3.3.2.1, Balanced Pressure Relief
Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed from bullet (2) of section 3.3.3.2.1, Balanced Pressure Relief
Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Added bullet (d) to current version of the GP.
Section 7.3.2.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (1) of section 5.2, Balanced
Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed from sub-bullet (1) of sub-bullet (a) of bullet (1) of section
5.2, Balanced Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of sub-bullet (2) of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
(1) of section 5.2, Balanced Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (d) developed from sub-bullet (2) of sub-bullet (a) of bullet (1) of section
5.2, Balanced Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section 5.2, Balanced
Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP. Added "*" designation to bullet.
 Bullet (f) developed by modification of sub-bullets (i) and (ii) of sub-bullet (b) of
bullet (1) of section 5.2, Balanced Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP.
Section 7.3.2.2  Added bullet (a) in this version of the GP.
 Added bullet (b) in this version of the GP.
 Added bullet (c) in this version of the GP.
 Added bullet (d) in this version of the GP.
Section 7.3.2.3  Added bullet (a) in this version of the GP.
 Added bullet (c) in this version of the GP.
Section 7.4.1  Added bullet (a) in this version of the GP.
Section 7.5.1  Bullet (a) developed from bullet (1) of section 2.2.2.1, Pilot-Operated Pressure
Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.

 Bullet (b) developed from bullet (1) of section 2.2.2.3, Pilot-Operated Pressure
Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (c) developed from first sentence of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
(1) of section 2.2.2.5, 2.2.2.6 and 2.2.2.7, Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves,
of previous version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (2) of bullet (c) developed by modification of second sentence of sub-
bullet (a) of bullet 1 of section 2.2.2.5, 2.2.2.6 and 2.2.2.7, Pilot-Operated Pressure
Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP. Added "*" designation to the sub-
bullet.
 Added sub-bullet (3) to bullet (c) in this version of the GP.
Section 7.5.2  Bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (c) of bullet (1) of section
2.2.2.5, 2.2.2.6 and 2.2.2.7, Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves, of previous
version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of sub-bullet (b) of bullet (1) of section
version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of sub-bullet (d) of bullet (1) of section
version of the GP.
Section 7.5.3  Added new section addressing venting of pilot valves in this version of the GP.
Section 8.1.1  Added bullet (a) in this version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed from sentences in bullet (1) of section 3.1, General
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of sentences in bullet (1) of section 3.1,
General Requirements, of previous version of the GP. Added "*" designation to
bullet in current version of the GP.
Section 9.2.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of sentences in bullet (1) of section 7.2,
Proximity to Pressure Source, of previous version of the GP. Added "*"
designation to bullet in current version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of sentences in bullet (1) of section 7.2,
Proximity to Pressure Source, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed from bullet (2) of section 7.2, Proximity to Pressure Source,
of previous version of the GP.
Section 9.2.2  Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
(2) of section 3.18.4, Relief Devices and Locations, of previous version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (2) to bullet (a) in this version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (3) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (b) of bullet
 Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (b) developed by modification of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
 Sub-bullet (2) of bullet (b) developed by modification of sub-bullet (b) of bullet
 Sub-bullet (3) of bullet (b) developed by modification of sub-bullet (c) of bullet
 Added bullet (c) to this version of the GP.

Section 9.2.3  Added new section to this version of the GP.

Section 9.6.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 7.6, Heat Tracing and
Insulation, of previous version of the GP. Added "*" designation to sub-bullet (3)
of bullet (a) in current version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of sentences in bullet (2) in section 7.6, Heat
Tracing and Insulation, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of sentences in bullet (2) in section 7.6, Heat
Tracing and Insulation, of previous version of the GP.
 Added bullet (d) to current version of the GP.
Section 10.2.1  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 8.2, Gasketing and
Bolting for Service Requirements, of previous version of the GP. Modified bullet
designation from [S] to * [R].
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (1) in section 8.2, Gasketing and
Bolting for Service Requirements, of previous version of the GP. Modified bullet
designation from * [S] to * [R].
Section 12.3.1  Bullet (a) developed from bullet (1) of section 10.2, Inspection and Testing of
Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section 10.2, Inspection and
Testing of Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed from bullet (3) of section 10.2, Inspection and Testing of
Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of GP.
Section 12.4.1  Bullet in section developed by modification of bullet (4) of section 10.2,
Inspection and Testing of Pressure Relief Valves, of previous version of GP.
Section 13.1  Section 13.1 has been added.
Section 13.2  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (1) of section 3.1, Determination of
Relief Requirements, of previous version of GP.
 Sub- bullet (1) and (2) of bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (1) of
section 3.2.1, API Effective Area and Effective Coefficient of Discharge, of
previous version of GP. Designation of bullet changed from * [O] to * [S].
 Sub- bullet (3) of bullet (b) developed from first sentence of bullet (2) of section
3.2.1, API Effective Area and Effective Coefficient of Discharge, of previous
version of GP. Designation of bullet changed from [C] to * [S].
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of bullet (1) of section 3.2.2, API Effective
Area and Effective Coefficient of Discharge, of previous version of GP.
Designation of bullet changed from * [O] [R] to [E] [O] [R].
 Bullet (d) developed by modification of bullet (1) of section 3.2.2, API Effective
Area and Effective Coefficient of Discharge, of previous version of GP.
Designation of bullet changed from * [O] [R] to [S].
 Bullet (e) developed from bullet (1) of section 3.3, Effects of Pressure,
Temperature and Composition, of previous version of GP.
Section 13.3  Section developed from bullet (1) of section 2.2.1.2.11, Spring-Loaded Pressure
Relief Valves, of previous version of GP.

Section 13.4  Sub- bullet (1) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
(1) of section 3.15.5.2, Installation Considerations for External Insulation
Systems, of previous version of GP. Bullet designated as [S] in current version of
GP.
 Sub- bullet (2) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (a) of bullet
GP.
 Sub-bullet (3) of bullet (a) developed by modification of sub-bullet (b) of bullet
GP.
 Added sub- bullet (4) to bullet (a) of this version of GP. Sub-bullet designated
with a "*."
 Added requirement of a caution sign to this version of the GP.
Section 13.5  Added bullet (a) to this version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (1), (2), and (3) of bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (1) of
section 3.14.2, Sizing and Set Pressure, of previous version of the GP. Modified
bullet designated from * [S] to [S] in current version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (4) to current version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section 3.14.2, Sizing and Set
Pressure, of previous version of the GP.
 Bullet (d) developed by modification of bullet (3) of section 3.14.2, Sizing and Set
Pressure, of previous version of the GP. Modified bullet designation from * [C] to
* [S] [C] in current version of the GP.
 Bullet (e) developed by modification of first few sentences in bullet (1) of section
3.14.1, causes, of previous version of the GP. Modified bullet designation from
[S] to * [S] [C] in current version of the GP.
 Bullet (f) developed by modification of bullet (4) of section 3.14.2, Sizing and Set
Pressure, of previous version of the GP. Modified bullet designation from * [C] to
* [S] [C] in current version of the GP.
Section 13.6  Added bullet (a) to this version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (a) developed from bullet (2) of section 3.14.1, Causes, of
previous version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (2) of bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section
3.14.1, Causes, of previous version of the GP.
 Added bullet (b) to this version of the GP.
 Sub-bullet (1) of bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section
3.14.1, Causes, of previous version of the GP.
 Added sub-bullet (2) of bullet (b) to this version of the GP.
 Bullet (c) developed by modification of bullet (2) of section 3.14.1, Causes, of
Section 13.7  Bullet (a) developed from bullet (1) of section 2.5, Other Type of Devices, of
 Bullet (b) developed from first sentence of bullet (2) of section 2.5, Other Type of
Devices, of previous version of the GP.

Section 13.8  Bullet (a) developed by modification of bullet (3) of section 4.2, Application, of
previous version of GP. Modified bullet designation from * [S] to * [M].
 Bullet (b) developed by modification of bullet (4) of section 4.3, Isolation Valve
Section 13.9  Added new section to current version of the GP.
B.1.1  Section developed from section 2.4.2, Buckling Pin Devices, of previous version
of the GP.
Figure A-1  Modified requirements for use of particular arrangement in current version of the
GP.
GP.
GP.
GP.
Figure A-6  Added requirements for using snuffing steam in current version of the GP.
Figure A-7  Clarified requirements for use of snuffing steam in current GP.
Section 2.6  Section 2.6, Rupture Disk Devices in Combination with Pressure Relief Valves, of
(Modifications to previous version of the GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT II)
Section 3.2.1  Second sentence from bullet 2, referring to vessels fabricated from pipe less then
(Modifications to 24 in. NPS (600 mm), in section 3.2.1, API Effective Area and Effective
API RP 520 PT I) Coefficient of Discharge, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this version
of the GP.
Section 3.5.2.2.2  Section 3.5.2.2.2, Operating Contingencies, of previous version of the GP was
(Modifications to deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT I)
Section 3.18.3  Section 3.18.3, Determining the Required Relief Flow Rate, of previous version of
(Modifications to the GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 521)
Section 3.18.6  Section 3.18.6, Double Pipe Exchangers, of previous version of the GP was
API RP 521)
Section 4.3.2.4  Section 4.3.2.4, Liquid Emission, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this
(Modifications to version of the GP.
API RP 521)
Section 4.3.3.1  Section 4.3.3.1, Toxic Vapors, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this
(Modifications to version of the GP.
API RP 521)
Section 4.3.6  Bullet (1) of Section 4.3.6, Air Pollution, of previous version of the GP was
API RP 521)
Section 4.4.3.4.2  Section 4.4.3.4.2, Auxiliary Flaring Equipment, of previous version of the GP was
API RP 521)

Section 4.6.1.3.1  Section 4.6.1.3.1, Temperature Hot, of previous version of the GP was deleted in
(Modifications to this version of the GP.
API RP 521)
Section 5.2  Sub-bullet (3) of sub- bullet (a) of bullet (1) of section 5.2, Balanced Bellows
(Modifications to Valves, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT II)
Section 5.2  Sub-bullet (2) of sub-bullet (b) of bullet (1) of section 5.2, Balanced Bellows
(Modifications to Valves, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT II)
Section 5.2  Sub-bullet (1), (2) and (3) of sub-bullet(c) of bullet 1 of section 5.2, Balanced
(Modifications to Bellows Valves, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this version of the
API RP 520 PT II) GP.
Appendix D  Appendix D, Sizing for two-phase liquid /vapor relief, of previous version of the
(Modifications to GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API STD 520 PT I)
Section 2.6  Section 2.6, Rupture Disk Devices in Combination with Pressure Relief Valves, of
(Modifications to previous version of the GP was deleted in this version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT II)
Section 3.2.1  Second sentence from bullet 2, referring to vessels fabricated from pipe less then
(Modifications to 24 in. NPS (600 mm), in section 3.2.1, API Effective Area and Effective
API STD 520 PT I) Coefficient of Discharge, of previous version of the GP was deleted in this version
of the GP.
API STD 520 PT I (Relocation of information in reference to former version of GP 03-02-04)
Section Number Revision
Section 2.2.1.2.11  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 13.2, Use of Capacity
Certified Relief Valves.
Section 2.2.1.3.5  Bullet (1) information has been modified and relocated to section 7.3.1,
Additional Requirements for Balanced Bellows Valves, as bullet (a).
Section 2.2.1.3.6  Deleted section in the latest version of the GP.
Section 2.2.2.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 7.5.1, General Requirements
for Pilot-Operated Valves, as bullet (a).
Section 2.2.2.3  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 7.5.1, General Requirements
for Pilot-Operated Valves, as bullet (b).
Section 2.2.2.5,  Sub-bullet (a) of bullet (1) has been modified and relocated to section 7.5.1,
2.2.2.6 and 2.2.2,7 General Requirements for Pilot-Operated Valves, as bullet (c).
 Sub-bullets (b), (c) and (d) of bullet (1) have been modified and relocated to
section 7.5.2, Pilot Valve Accessories.
Section 2.3.2.2.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 4.6.2, Alternatives to
Rupture Disk/PR Valve Combination.
Section 2.3.2.2.3  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 4.6.1, Additional
Requirements for use of Rupture Disk Devices, as bullet (e).

Section 2.3.2.2.3  First sentence of bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 4.6.1,
Additional Requirements for use of Rupture Disk Devices, as bullet (f).
 Sentences following the first sentence of bullet (2) of the section have been
relocated to section 4.6.1, Additional Requirements for use of Rupture Disk
Devices, as rationale of bullet (f).
Section 2.3.2.4  This section has been deleted.
Section 2.3.6.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 4.6.1,
Additional Requirements for use of Rupture Disk Devices, as bullet (a), (b) and
(c).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 4.6.1,
Additional Requirements for use of Rupture Disk Devices, as bullet (d).
Section 2.4.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section B.1.1,
Additional General Requirements, as bullets (a), (b) and (c).
Section 2.5  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 13.6, Protection for Positive
Displacement Pumps and Metering Pumps, as bullet (a).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 13.6,
Protection of Positive Displacement Pumps and Metering Pumps, as bullet (b).
Section 3.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 13.1, Pressure
Relief Valve Sizing, as bullet (a).
Section 3.2.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 13.1, Pressure
Relief Valve Sizing, as bullet (b).
 First sentence of bullet (2) has been relocated to section 13.1, Pressure Relief
Valve Sizing, as sub-bullet (3) of bullet (b).
 Deleted remaining sentences of bullet (2).
Section 3.2.2  First sentence of bullet (1) has been modified and relocated to section 13.1,
Pressure Relief Valve Sizing, as bullet (c).
 Second sentence of bullet (1) has been relocated to section 13.1, Pressure Relief
Valve Sizing, as bullet (d).
Section 3.3.3.2.1  Bullet (1) of section has been relocated to section 7.3.1, Additional Requirements
for Balanced Bellows Valves, as bullet (b).
 Bullet (2) of section has been modified and relocated to section 7.3.1, Additional
Requirements for Balanced Bellows Valves, as bullets (c) and (d).
Section 3.3.4.1  Bullet (1) of section has been modified and relocated to section 5.3.1,
Superimposed Back-Pressure Limit for Non-Discharging PR Devices.
Section 3.5.2.2.2  Deleted section in the latest version of the GP.
Appendix D  Deleted appendix in the latest version of the GP.
API RP 520 PT II (Relocation of information in reference to former version of GP 03-02-04)
Section 2.2.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 4.2.2.1,
Frictional Pressure Drop in PR Valve Inlet Piping, as bullet (a).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 4.1.3, Additional General
Requirements for PR Device Inlet Piping, as bullet (f).

Location of Pilot Sensing Points for Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves, as
bullets (a), (b), (c) and (d).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 4.2.3.4, Location of Pilot
Sensing Points for Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves, as bullet (e).
 Bullet (3) of the section has been relocated to 4.2.3.3.1, Use of Purge Gas in Pilot
Lines of Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves, as bullet (a).
Additional Requirements for Configuration of Inlet Piping to PR Devices.
Section 2.3.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 4.1.3,
Additional General Requirements for PR Device Inlet Piping, and section 5.1.1,
Additional General Requirements for PR Device Discharge Piping, as bullet (e)
and (g).
Section 2.4.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 5.5.1, Protection of PR
Valve Outlet Piping.
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 5.5.2, Reaction Forces for
PR Device Discharge to Closed System.
Section 2.6  Deled section in the latest version of the GP.
Section 3.1  First two sentences of bullet (1) of the section have been modified and relocated
to section 5.1.3.1, Discharge Piping for PR Devices Discharging into a Closed
System, as bullets (a) and (b).
 The remaining sentences of bullet (1) of the section have been modified and
relocated to section 8.1.1, Additional Requirements for Installation Conditions
that Require Drain Piping.
Section 3.3  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 5.1.1,
Additional General Requirements for PR Device Discharge Piping, as bullet (e).
Section 4.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 6.2.1, Isolation of PR
Devices, as bullet (a).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 6.2.1, Isolation
of PR Devices, as bullet (b).
 Bullet (3) has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Section 4.3  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 6.3.6, Additional
Requirements for Use of Block Valves, as bullet (a).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 6.3.6, Additional
Requirements for Use of Block Valves, as bullet (c).
 Bullet (3) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 6.3.7, Use of
Bleed Valves, as bullets (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f).
 Bullet (4) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 13.7,
Requirements for Installation of Manual Bypass Valves for PR valve
Maintenance, as bullet (b).
Section 5.2  Sub- bullet (a) of bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to
section 7.3.2.1, Design of Bonnet Venting System-General, as bullets (a), (b) and
(c).
 Deleted sub-bullet (b) of bullet (1) in the latest version of the GP.
 Deleted sub-bullet (c) of bullet (1) in the latest version of the GP.
 Bullet (2) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 7.3.2.1,
Design of Bonnet Venting System-General, as bullet (e).

Section 7.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 9.2.1, Pressure
Relief Devices on Vessels and Towers, as bullets (a) and (b).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 9.2.1, Pressure Relief
Devices on Vessels and Towers, as bullet (c).
Section 7.5  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 9.5, Test or Lifting Levers.
Requirements for PR Valves in Plugging Service, as bullets (a).
Requirements for PR Valves in Plugging Service, as bullets (b) and (c).
Additional Requirements for Proper Gasketing and Bolting, as bullets (a) and (b).
Section 10.2  Bullets (1), (2) and (3) of the section have been modified and relocated to section
12.3.1, Inspection and Testing of Pressure Relief Valves, as bullets (a), (b) and
(c).
 Bullet (4) of the section has been relocated to section 12.4.1, Inspection of
Rupture Disk Devices.
API STD 521 (Relocation of information in reference to former version of GP 03-02-04)
Section 3.3  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 13.1, Pressure Relief Valve
Sizing, as bullet (e).
Section 3.14.1  Bullet (1) and (2) of the section have been modified and relocated to section 13.5,
Protection of Heat Exchangers against Liquid Thermal Expansion, as bullets (a)
and (b).
Disposition of Thermal Relief Valve Discharges.
Section 3.14.2  Bullets in section have been modified and relocated to section 13.4, Protection of
Piping against Liquid Thermal Expansion.
Section 3.15.5.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 13.3,
Insulation Credit in Sizing PR Device for Fire Exposure.
Section 3.18.3  Deleted section in the latest version of the GP.
Section 3.18.4  Bullet (1) of the section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Location of PR Valves Installed for Heat Exchanger Tube Failure, as bullet (a).
 Bullet (3) of the section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Location of PR Valves Installed for Heat Exchanger Tube Failure, as bullet (b).
Section 3.18.6  Deleted section in the latest version of the GP.
Section 4.2.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 5.1.3.2, PR
Device Discharges Containing Oxygen.
Section 4.3.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 5.2.2.5, PR Valves in Non
Flammable Service, as bullets (a) and (b).
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 5.1.2.1, Requirements for
PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullet (n).
PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullet (o).

Section 4.3.2.2  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section to 5.1.2.1,
Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullets (a), (f),
(g) and (h).
Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullets (e), (i),
(j) and (k).
Section 4.3.2.4  Bullet (1) of the section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Section 4.3.3.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Section 4.3.4  Bullet (1) and (2) of the section have been relocated to section 5.1.2.2, Snuffing
Steam Connections, as bullets (a), (b) and (c).
PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullet (l).
Section 4.3.6  Bullet (1) of the section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
 Bullet (2) of the section has been relocated to section 5.1.2.3, Compliance with
Environmental Regulations.
Section 4.4.3.4.2  Section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Section 4.6.1.3.1  Section has been deleted in the latest version of the GP.
Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, as bullet (c).
Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to atmosphere, as bullet (b).
Section 5.4.1.3.4  Bullet (1) of the section has been modified and relocated to section 4.1.3,
Additional General Requirements for PR Device Inlet Piping, and section 5.1.1,
Additional General Requirements for PR Device Discharge Piping, as bullets (a),
(b), (c) and (d).
Section 5.4.1.3.6  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 5.1.3.1, Discharge Piping
for PR Devices Discharging into a Closed System, as bullets (d) and (e).
Discharge Piping for PR Devices Discharging into a Closed system, bullet (f).
Section 5.4.4.1  Bullet (1) of the section has been relocated to section 5.1.2.1, Requirements for
PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere, bullet (m).
All Global Modifications To standardize the format of the Global Practices and to meet other
Practices requirements, the following changes have been implemented:
"For ExxonMobil Use Only" has been replaced with "For Company Use
Only."
A copyright waiver has been added in the first page Footer.
The definition of asterisks in the Scope has been deleted. The asterisk is
now defined in the Purpose Code attachment and is used within brackets
as other Purpose Codes.
Multiple paragraphs within a Section have been numbered.
The standard text for Required References has been modified.
The standard text for Additional Requirements has been modified.
The [S] Purpose Code has been modified.

The following Purpose Codes have been added:

[*] for additional information or decision required of Owner's
Engineer.
[A] for approval requirements before beginning work or finalizing
design.

Upstream This GP is no longer endorsed by Upstream.
Only

Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions

Code Description
* Assigned to paragraphs that require the Owner's Engineer to provide additional information or
make a decision.
A Assigned to paragraphs that require approval from the Owner's Engineer before the work may
proceed or the design is finalized.
C Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is reduced costs. Reduced cost in this context
refers to initial investment cost and does not include life cycle cost considerations. Life cycle
cost considerations are captured under reliability, maintainability, or operability purpose codes.
E Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is driven by environmental considerations.
Environmental considerations typically include specifications intended to protect against
emissions/leakage to the air, water, and/or soil. Deviations from the specifications contained
in such paragraphs require formal review and approval according to local environmental
policy.
I Assigned to paragraphs that provide only clarifying information, such as Scope statements,
definitions of terms, etc.
M Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to provide for maintainability of equipment
or systems. Maintainability provisions are those that facilitate the performance of maintenance
on equipment/systems either during downtimes or during onstream operations.
O Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to assure operability of equipment or
systems. Operability is the ability of the equipment/system to perform satisfactorily even
though conditions are off-design, such as during start-ups, process swings, subcomponent
malfunction, etc.
R Assigned to paragraphs whose primary purpose is to improve or assure the reliability of
equipment or systems. Reliability is a measure of the ability of equipment/systems to operate
without malfunction or failure between planned maintenance interventions.
S Assigned to paragraphs containing specifications/guidance where the primary purpose is the
avoidance of incidents impacting personnel safety, operational safety, and the public in general
and/or involving responses to emergency situations. Any deviation from the specifications
contained in such designated paragraphs requires formal review and approval according to
local safety policy.
Personnel Safety: Refers to incident-related personnel injuries or illness, e.g., burns, cuts,
abrasions, inhalation of or exposure to dangerous substances, etc., that
could result in medical treatment, restricted work, lost-time incidents, or
fatalities.
Process Safety: Refers to the prevention and control of process releases, fires, and/or
explosions that could result in damage to equipment, process disruption,
or personnel injury or illness.

Pressure Relieving Systems: Scope

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GP 03-02-04 Pressure Relieving Systems February 2009

Pressure Relieving Systems

Page 1 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Table of Figures ..............................................................................................................3

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 2: References........................................4

Additions to API RP 520 PT II—Section 3: Definition of Terms.................................5

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 4: Inlet Piping to Pressure-Relief

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 5: Discharge Piping from Pressure-

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 6: Isolation (Stop) Valves in Pressure-

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 7: Bonnet or Pilot Vent Piping ..........18

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 8: Drain Piping....................................20

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 9: Pressure-Relief Device Location

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 10: Bolting and Gasketing.................23

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 12: Pre-Installation Handling and

Addition to API RP 520 PT II—[New] Section 13: Additional Requirements ..........24

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Appendix B: Installation and Maintenance of

Appendix: Figures .......................................................................................................28

Record of Change .........................................................................................................36

Attachment: Purpose Codes Definitions ...................................................................54

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 2 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Figure A–5: Rupture Disk-Pressure Relief Valve Installation..................................32

Figure A–6: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hard Piped...............................33

Figure A–7: Snuffing Steam to Atmospheric Vent–Hose Connection ....................34

Figure A–8: Toroidal Ring for Hydrogen Vents.........................................................35

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 3 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 2: References

API 520 PT II-2.1. ExxonMobil Engineering Practices

API 520 PT II-2.2. API–American Petroleum Institute

API 520 PT II-2.3. ACGIH–American Conference of Governmental

API 520 PT II-2.4. ASTM–American Society for Testing and Materials

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 4 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

API 520 PT II-2.5. NEMA–National Electrical Manufacturers

API 520 PT II-2.6. Other References

Additions to API RP 520 PT II—Section 3: Definition of Terms

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 5 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Page 6 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Page 7 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 4: Inlet Piping to

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 8 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

API 520 PT II-4.2.2. Exception: Size and Length of Inlet Piping to

API 520 PT II-4.2.3. Addition: Remote Sensing for Pilot-Operated

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 9 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

4.2.3.3.1 [New] Use of Purge Gas in Pilot Lines of Pilot-Operated Pressure-Relief

4.2.3.4 [New] Location of Pilot Sensing Points for Pilot-Operated Pressure-Relief

API 520 PT II-4.2.4. Addition: Configuration of Inlet Piping for

API 520 PT II-4.4. Addition: Inlet Stresses that Originate from

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 10 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

API 520 PT II-4.6. Addition: Rupture Disk Devices in Combination

4.6.2 [New] Alternatives to Rupture Disk/PR Valve Combination

4.6.3. [New] Use of Double Disk Assembly

Modifications to API RP 520 PT II—Section 5: Discharge

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0

Page 11 of 54 ExxonMobil Development Company

5.1.2. [New] PR Valves Discharging to Atmosphere

5.1.2.1. [New] Requirements for PR Device Discharge Risers to Atmosphere

RFCH, DIOL For Company Use Only Version 3.0.0