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Example P&D For Guy
Example P&D For Guy
Class: L6’O
Date: 15/04/16
Title: Rate of Reaction- Plan and Design
Problem Statement: You went to the hairdresser and noticed that the hydrogen
peroxide was kept in the refrigerator. Suggest a hypothesis for the storage of the
hydrogen peroxide and design an experiment to test tour hypothesis.
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Materials/Apparatus: 2 moldm-3 hydrogen peroxide solution, powdered
manganese (IV) oxide, distilled water, stopwatch, spatula, (4) 250cm3 conical flask,
rubber bongs with delivery tube, graduated gas syringe, electronic scale,
thermometer, water bath, Bunsen burner, (4) 500cm3 beakers.
Diagram:
Figure 1.0: Apparatus set up to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of
decomposition of H2O2(as).
Method:
1. Pour 100cm3 of distilled water into the beaker and gently heat until the
temperature of the water bath reaches 20℃ .
2. Add 25cm3 of the hydrogen peroxide in a conical flask. Place the conical
flask in the water bath then add 1g of powdered manganese (IV) oxide to the
hydrogen peroxide and mix.
3. Immediately connect the gas collecting apparatus as shown in figure 1.0 and
start stopwatch.
4. Record the volume of gas collected in the syringe at 10 second intervals from
the start of the reaction until 8 sets of readings are obtained.
5. Use the results to plot a graph of volume of gas evolved against time.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 at 30℃, 40℃ and 50℃ .
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Variables:
Controlled: Concentration and volume of the hydrogen peroxide, mass of
Manganese (IV) oxide added.
Manipulated: Temperature.
Responding: Initial rate of reaction.
Expected Results:
Table 1.0: Showing the volume of oxygen gas produced during the course of the
experiment with increase in temperature.
Temperature/ oC
20 oC 30 oC 40 oC 50 oC
Time/ s Vol. of Time/ s Vol. of Time/ s Vol. of Time/ s Vol. of
gas/ cm3 gas/ cm3 gas/ cm3 gas/ cm3
Treatment of Results:
Plot a graph of volume of gas produced vs time for each temperature. A curve ought
to be obtained when the graphs are plotted. Find the gradient of the curve by drawing
a tangent to the curve. The initial rate is equal to gradient (cm3s-1). Compare the
initial rates for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at 20℃, 30℃, 40℃ and
50oC. Hence determine where the hydrogen peroxide should be stored.
If the initial rate increases with increasing temperature, then the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide increases with increasing temperature and the
hypothesis is valid.
If the initial rate decreases with increasing temperature, then the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide decreases with increasing temperature and the
hypothesis is invalid.
Limitations
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Assumption:
Assuming enough catalyst is added to produce a measurable amount of
oxygen gas within time frame allotted and the temperatures at which the
decomposition is taking place is enough to give
Sources of Error:
When the conical flask containing hydrogen peroxide is added to the water
bath (at a higher temperature) the decomposition may begin and some gas
may be lost. As a result, the initial rate calculated may not be very
accurate.
Precautions:
Ensure the rubber bung or stopper is firmly corks the top of the conical
flask to prevent minimal escape of gas.
References:
“Rates of Reactions” in Chemistry for Cape by Maraj S. and Arnold Samai pg.116,
Caribbean Educational Publishers 2009.
Definitions- “Rates of Reaction” in AS and A Level Chemistry by Lewis E. and
Martyn Berry pg. 292, Pearson Education Limited 2000
Chemistry A Caribbean Examinations Council Study Guide (2012 Edition),
Publisher- Nelson Thornes Ltd., Location- Cheltenham, United Kingdom, Authors-
Roger Norris, Leroy Barrett, Annette Maynard-Alleyne and Jennifer Murray. PAGE
77, 80 and 81.
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