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World, Trade Press. <i>Norway Society & Culture Complete Report : An All-Inclusive Profile Combining All of Our Society and Culture Reports</i>, World Trade Press, 2010. ProQuest
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NORWAY
Society and Culture
Gift Giving ..................................................................... 1
Lifecycles ...................................................................... 8
Religion......................................................................... 12
Sports........................................................................... 14
Stereotypes ................................................................... 19
Women in Culture........................................................... 25
Copyright Notice
© Copyright 1993–2010 by World Trade Press. All Rights Reserved.
Reproduction or use of any part of this work without the express written permission of the copyright holder is unlawful.
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NORWAY
Society and Culture
Gift Giving
General
Norwegians do not have a strong gift-giving culture, but they are courteous and do exchange small gifts as a friendly gesture. Gifts
are generally opened in public and smaller gifts are opened right away.
Business Gifts
Norwegian business culture views gift giving with suspicion. Gifts should never be given at a first meeting. At the successful
completion of negotiations, small items like bottles of quality brandy or whiskey, electronic diaries, mobile phones, and small
souvenirs from the visitor’s home country can be exchanged as business gifts. All gifts should be inexpensive to avoid the perception
of bribery.
A fair amount of importance is given to presentation, so wrap any gifts in fine, quality paper. You can expect your gift to be opened at
the time of presentation and reciprocated quickly.
Hospitality Gifts
If a Norwegian invites you home, remember to bring small, tastefully wrapped, gifts for the hostess. The best gifts include a bouquet of
flowers, a potted plant (a favored gift in the winter months), a box of chocolates, or a bottle of wine or liquor (expensive in Norway but
still a welcome gift).
Taboo Gifts
Norwegians dislike personal gifts like clothing. Avoid gifts of carnations, lilies, or any white flowers (associated with funerals), and
make sure to give an odd number of items (even numbers are considered unlucky). Wreaths are never given as gifts, even at
Christmas.
Copyright © 2010. World Trade Press. All rights reserved.
© Copyright
World, Trade Press. 1993-2010
<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
Complete Trade: An
Press. All Rights
All-Inclusive Reserved.
Profile Combining Our Society and Culture Reports</i>,•World
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All of www.BestCountryReports.com
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Society and Culture Norway
© Copyright
World, Trade Press. 1993-2010
<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
Complete Trade: An
Press. All Rights
All-Inclusive Reserved.
Profile Combining Our Society and Culture Reports</i>,•World
www.WorldTradePress.com
All of www.BestCountryReports.com
Trade Press, 2010. ProQuest 2
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Society and Culture Norway
Apr 17 g, b, o, some
Palm Sunday Apr 5 Mar 28
r (Sunday)
Apr 22
Apr 10 Apr 2 g, b, o, some
Langfredag (Good Friday)
r
Apr 24
Apr 12 Apr 4 g, b, o, some
Paskedag (Easter Sunday)
r (Sunday)
Apr 25
Apr 13 Apr 5 g, b, o, some
Easter Monday
r
May 17 g, b, o, some
Constitution Day May 17 May 17
r
Ibsen Stage Festival Aug – Sep Aug - Sep Aug - Sep none
some o, some
Julaften (Christmas Eve) Dec 24 Dec 24 Dec 24 r
© Copyright
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Society and Culture Norway
* Key:
g = government offices and institutions
b = banks and financial institutions
o = non-retail businesses / offices
r = retail businesses
Special Seasons
Christmas Season: December 13 marks the official start of the Christmas season, but preparations begin as early as the first Sunday
of Advent when people decorate their homes and prepare biscuits and sweets. December 13 is St. Lucia Day, named after a Christian
martyred for her beliefs; it celebrates the traditional thanksgiving for the sun’s return. On the days leading up to Christmas, children
stroll around the neighborhood asking for treats. The season lasts until January 13, when everyone celebrates the last party of the
season and takes down their decorations.
© Copyright
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Society and Culture Norway
held before the church services. Many people take vacation time after Palm Sunday to extend the Easter holidays.
Skjaetorsdag (Maundy Thursday)
Date: The Thursday before Easter Sunday
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, some Retail
Description: Commemorates Jesus Christ’s last supper.
Background: The word Maundy comes from the Latin word mandatum, which means commandment. Maundy pertains to the
commandment Christ preached to his disciples during his last supper: to love one another as he had loved them.
How Celebrated: The five-day Easter holiday in Norway is a time for rest and recreation. People use this time to visit cabins in the
mountains or the numerous lodges and ski resorts in the countryside. Reading crime novels and watching murder mysteries on
television during Easter has recently gained popularity and is fast becoming a tradition. These books and shows are aptly called
Easter Crime.
Langfredag (Good Friday)
Date: The Friday before Easter Sunday
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, some Retail
Description: Good Friday commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Since the days of the early church, Good Friday has been
observed by fasting and penance, and many churches hold mourning services from noon until 3p.m. to symbolize Jesus' last hours on
the cross.
Background: Jesus was put to death on the Friday before Easter Day. According to the Bible, His death was meant to atone for the
sins of the world and provide redemption for all believers. For many years, Good Friday had no association with Jesus' death, but was
simply another day of fasting. Since the late fourth century, it has been associated with the crucifixion.
How Celebrated: Churches sponsor religious services, processions, and other activities in commemoration of Christ’s passion and
death. Norway is a fairly secular country, however, and many Norwegians celebrate the five-day Easter holiday away from home in
resorts and cabins. Most restaurants and movie houses remain open.
Paskedag (Easter Sunday)
Date: Varies with the Christian calendar
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, some Retail
Description: A Christian feast day to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
Background: The celebration of Christ’s resurrection is one of the most important feasts in Christianity. With its symbolism of new
life, the holiday combined with earlier pagan celebrations of spring and took its name from Eastre, an Anglo-Saxon goddess of fertility
and springtime whose symbol was the rabbit.
How Celebrated: Church services are held across the country in honor of Christ’s resurrection. Easter morning is also a delightful
time for children, as they participate in Easter-egg hunts. They draw pictures of yellow chickens, and plastic chickens adorn most
homes and shops.
Easter Monday
Date: The day after Easter Sunday
Closures:Government, Banks, Business Offices, some Retail
Description:A continuation of Easter celebrations.
Background:While Easter Sunday is one of the most important celebrations in Christianity, Easter Monday is more of a secular
occasion, a joyous time after the more reflective Lent and Holy Week.
How Celebrated:Easter Monday is usually a happy day when friends and family gather to share festive activities or return from their
holiday travels.
Labor Day
Date: May 1
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, Retail
Description: A day to honor the working class and their contributions to society.
Background: The celebration of Labor Day originated with “the eight-hour-day movement,” which advocated balance in a worker’s
day: eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest. An 1886 labor rally in Chicago promoting the eight-hour
workday ended with the death of several demonstrators in the “Haymarket Riot.” The international socialist movement declared May 1
Copyright © 2010. World Trade Press. All rights reserved.
as the date to commemorate those who died for the cause and to celebrate the workers’ struggle.
How Celebrated: Norwegians consider this day a national day of rest. As part of the Labor Day celebrations, towns across the
country host demonstrations and parades; unions call for reforms, and politicians deliver speeches. Participation in the celebrations
has dwindled through the years due to Norway’s strong economy and progressive labor reforms.
Constitution Day
Date: May 17
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, some Retail
Description: Celebrates Norway’s Constitution, which was signed in 1814
Background: Also known as Syttende Mai (May 17), Constitution Day celebrates the country’s liberation and independence. Norway
was under Denmark’s control for 400 years until early 1814, when the union was dissolved. On May 17, 1814, the Constitution was
signed at Eidsvold.
How Celebrated: In Oslo, the capital, children parade past the Royal Palace, War Memorial landmark, and homes of senior citizens,
waving flags and banners. Public processions are held before and after the children’s parade. In recent times, people celebrate
wearing the colors of the flag (red, white, and blue) or the traditional Norwegian costume called Bunad. After the parade, children and
parents participate in games and enjoy free hotdogs, ice cream, and soft drinks.
Kristi Himmelfartsdag (Ascension Day)
Date: The 40th day after Easter
© Copyright
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<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
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Society and Culture Norway
close by noon to give Norwegians time to prepare for the night’s feast. The pealing of the bells at 4:00 in the afternoon signals the
start of Christmas Mass, after which Norwegians traditionally eat a bowl of porridge mixed with butter, sugar, and cinnamon. It is quite
common to see this dish left outside for the nisse (gnomes) who are believed to protect people and animals from harm. At night,
tables are laden with dishes like pork, spiced cabbage, fish, sausages, and cakes. Dishes vary from district to district, and people
dress up for the occasion. After the meal, adults place gifts under the Christmas tree for children and other family members.
Christmas Day
Date: December 25
Closures: Government, Banks, Business Offices, Retail
Description: A Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ. Also a time for sharing traditions and gifts with family and
friends.
Background: Long before the birth of Christ, Europeans celebrated the dark days of December with festivities and fire symbolizing
hope for spring and the return of longer days. Although no one is sure exactly when Jesus Christ was born, the 4th-century Pope
Julius I declared that December 25 would be the official date to celebrate Christmas. In this way, he introduced a Christian element to
the mid-winter festivals.
How Celebrated: Largely due to the Christmas Eve festivities that last all night, Norwegians traditionally begin Christmas Day
celebrations around noon. Families and close friends gather for festive meals consisting of traditional julekake (Yule cakes) and seven
different types of cookies. In the past, Norwegians attended church services on Christmas morning; however, because of changing
traditions, services are now held later in the day.
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<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
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Society and Culture Norway
Festivals Description
International Ibsen Stage Festival
Date: August to September
Closures: None
Description: The festival takes place in Oslo and presents productions of Henrik Ibsen’s works from around the world.
Background: Every year, from the last week of August until early September, actors from around the world gather in Norway to take
part in this festival. Since the festival’s inception in 1990, many A-list theater actors from across the globe come to Oslo in order to
convey how Henrik Ibsen’s works transformed traditional theater.
How Celebrated: Aside from the showcase of Ibsen productions held at the National Theatre, the festival also includes exhibits,
concerts, and symposiums dedicated to the Norwegian playwright.
Copyright © 2010. World Trade Press. All rights reserved.
© Copyright
World, Trade Press. 1993-2010
<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
Complete Trade: An
Press. All Rights
All-Inclusive Reserved.
Profile Combining Our Society and Culture Reports</i>,•World
www.WorldTradePress.com
All of www.BestCountryReports.com
Trade Press, 2010. ProQuest 7
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Created from universidadmonterrey-ebooks on 2019-09-08 13:38:12.
Society and Culture Norway
Lifecycles
Introduction
Norwegians live in an affluent, equitable, and smoothly functioning society that has been in the vanguard of such transformations in
Western society as the recognition of women’s and children’s rights, the legal recognition of same-sex marriages, and the
establishment of a new family order based on cohabitation rather than marriage. Progressive government family policies have also
assured that the increased participation of women in the labor force has not led to a decline in birth rates. In old age, individuals can
receive assistance from the state for professionalized paid care, which has begun to replace the unpaid care that was once the
backbone of the traditional family system. The state’s “cradle to grave” approach is thus a powerful driver of society and an integral
part of every citizen’s life experience.
Birth
As in many other industrialized nations, Norway has had a low population growth rate (0.38 percent) since the 1970s. This is
attributable mainly to the increase in the level of women’s education, the increased participation of women in the labor force, and the
broader acceptance of cohabitation.
The liberalization of abortion laws in Norway came close on the heels of the women’s liberation movement. Abortion is permitted on
request during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. Despite a positive attitude toward sexuality and the easy availability and wide use
of all kinds of contraceptives, Norway has one of highest rates of teenage abortions in Europe. Nearly half of all pregnancies for
women under the age of 20 end in abortion, often because women don’t want to interrupt their educations. Abortions are also
commonly used to space births.
The government provides a generous family policy program to increase birth rates that includes birth grants, paternity and maternity
leave of up to one year with full or 80 percent pay, and state-sponsored daycare facilities. Single parents are also entitled to these
benefits. Coupled with steady economic growth since the 1990s, these policies have had a positive effect on Norway’s birth rates,
which currently stand at 1.8 children per woman, much higher than that of many other European countries and close to the population
replacement level of 2.1 children per woman.
Infants are swaddled, kept close to the mother, carried in a sling, or, more commonly, taken around in baby carriages. Norway has the
highest breast-feeding rates in Europe, and working mothers in Norway are entitled to a two-hour break for nursing their babies.
Although children between the ages of one and six are usually left in day-care facilities, parents do not commonly leave infants in
institutional care.
Nearly all births in Norway are attended by skilled personnel, and a mother can actually choose to give birth in her own home with the
assistance of a midwife from the local hospital. The father (or anyone chosen by the woman giving birth) is permitted to stay through
the labor and, according to Norwegian custom, the baby is usually placed on the mother’s breast while the father cuts the umbilical
cord.
Although Norwegians are not that religious, life cycle stages are almost always marked by religious ceremonies. Nearly all babies, for
instance, are baptized in church, at home, or at the hospital.
Norwegians celebrate their birthdays with a party for relatives and friends. They decorate the house with colored streamers and
balloons, and in an expression of patriotism, they display the national flag outside the house. Chocolate birthday cake with chocolate
frosting has become more popular than the traditional cream cake with marzipan topping. Children also take great delight in traditional
birthday customs such as going for little treasure hunts or “fishing” for small gifts. At school, the child celebrating his birthday is
allowed to have a little dance with one of his friends and the whole class sings “Gratulerer med magen” (“Happy birthday to you”).
Older children and adults also celebrate their birthdays with theme parties and revelry.
Childhood
Traditionally, children in the countryside were brought up by their parents. In the cities, the father worked outside the home, while the
Copyright © 2010. World Trade Press. All rights reserved.
mother stayed at home and took care of the children. Today, new family structures have evolved as a result of industrialization, and
children are now exposed to an entirely different family situation. Both parents work outside the home, and fathers of small children
are the group that works the most overtime. For most parents, time spent with the children is budgeted very tightly, and many children
miss the closeness and supporting presence of parents. Hotlines established for children by the Red Cross and Save the Children
receive calls from many Norwegian children saying how lonely they are and that their parents, especially fathers, have little time for
them.
Increased opportunities in the labor market have also led to greater family mobility, and many families have moved out of their
hometowns. Such moves often deprive children of close contact with their grandparents, who would otherwise have provided much-
needed emotional support besides passing down the country’s traditional culture.
Norwegian children start schooling at the age of six. Primary and early secondary education is compulsory and free from the age of
six to 16. Children spend long hours at school, and after-school activities are common for children of working parents. Many parents
enroll their children in organized activities like athletics or musical clubs to occupy their children’s afternoons and holidays. Sixty-nine
percent of children are a part of an athletic organization, twenty-seven percent participate in a choir or orchestra, and eighty percent
play an instrument.
Since both parents work in the majority of families, children are trained to be independent, make decisions, and to help with light
household chores like doing the dishes, shopping for groceries, or feeding pets. Rural children help their parents on the family farm or
on their fishing boats. Norwegians pride themselves as being the best nation in the world in terms of gender equality, and there is
© Copyright
World, Trade Press. 1993-2010
<i>Norway Society & Cultureby WorldReport
Complete Trade: An
Press. All Rights
All-Inclusive Reserved.
Profile Combining Our Society and Culture Reports</i>,•World
www.WorldTradePress.com
All of www.BestCountryReports.com
Trade Press, 2010. ProQuest 8
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/universidadmonterrey-ebooks/detail.action?docID=536152.
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