A. Solve the following equation using any convenient method.

1. x 2 – 2x – 1 = 0
By completing the square:

x 2 – 2x – 1 = 0
x 2 – 2x = 1
x 2 – 2x + 1 = 1 + 1
( x−1)2 = 2

√(x−1)2 = √ 2
x−¿1 = ± √2
x = 1± √2
Therefore, the values of x are 1+√ 2∧1− √2.
2. ( x +3)2 = 81
By extracting the square root on both sides:

( x +3)2 = 81

√(x +3)2 = √ 81
x + 3 = ±9
Therefore, the values of x are: x+3=9 x + 3 = −9
x = 9 −¿ 3 x=
−9−3
x=6 x = −12
11
3. x 2−¿ x −¿
4
=0

By completing the square:

11
x 2−¿ x −¿ =0
4
11
x 2−¿ x =
4
1 11 1
x 2−¿ x + = +
4 4 4

1 2 12
( )
x− =
2 4
2

( x− 12 ) = 3
2
1
√( x−
2 ) = √3
1
x− = ± √3
2
1
x= ± √3
2
 1 √ 3∧1
Therefore, the values of x are: + −√ 3 .
2 2
4. ( x +1)2 = x 2
By expanding the binomial and then simplifying:

( x +1)2 = x 2

x 2 +¿ 2x +¿ 1 = x 2
x 2 −¿ x 2 + 2x +¿ 1 = 0
2x +¿ 1 = 0
2x = −¿1
2 x −1
=
2 2
−1
x= 2

5. 3x + 4 = 2 x 2 – 7 −¿2 x 2 + 3x + 11 = 0
By using the quadratic formula:

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a

−(3)± √(3)2 −4 (−2)(11)

x=
2(−2)

−3 ± √ 9+ 88
x=
−4
−3 ± √ 97
x=
−4
−3+ √ 97 −3− √ 97
Therefore, the values of x are: x= x=
−4 −4
−3 √ 97 x= −3 −√ 97
x=
−4 + ( )
−4 −4
+
−4 ( )
3 √ 97 3 97
x=
4
−¿ x=
4
+√
4 4
3− √97 3+ √ 97
x= x=
4 4
B. Solve the following word problems.
1. Find two numbers whose sum is 13 and whose product is 40.
Solution:
Let: x = first number
y = second number
the sum of two numbers (x + y ) = 13 (equation 1)
the product of two numbers (xy) = 40 (equation 2)

Finding the value of x using equation 1:

 x + y = 13 (equation 1)
x = 13 – y
Substituting the value of x in equation 2:
xy = 40 (equation 2)
(13 – y)(y) = 40

– y 2 + 13y = 40
(−1)(– y 2 +13 y )=( 40)(−1)

y 2−13 y = −40
y 2−13 y + 40 = 0
(y−¿5)(y−¿8) = 0

Therefore, the values of y are:

y−¿5 = 0 y−¿8 = 0
y=5 y=8
Therefore, the two unknown numbers are x = 5 and y = 8.
Check:
1. the sum of two numbers (x + y) = 13
(5 + 8) = 13
13 = 13

2. the product of two numbers (xy) = 40

(5)(8) = 40
40 = 40
2. The area of a rectangle field is 162 sq. meters and its length is twice its width. Find the
dimensions of the field.

Solution:
Let: x = the width of the rectangle field in meters
2x = the length of the rectangle field in meters
(x)(2x) = The area of the rectangle field in sq. meters

(x)(2x) = 162
2 x 2 = 162

2 x2 162
=
2 2

x 2 = 81

√ x 2 = √ 81
x = ±9
Since there is no such dimension that is negative, then we can deduce that only x = 9 will
satisfy the problem. Therefore, the width of the rectangle field is x = 9 meters, the length is 2x =
2(9) = 18 meters and its overall area is (x)(2x) = (9)(18) = 162 sq. meters.
Check:
The area of a rectangle field is 162m 2.
(x)(2x) = 162
(9)[ ( 2 ) ( 9 ) ] = 162
(9)(18) = 162
162 = 162

3. Marivic is five years older than Michelle. In three years, the product of her age and
Michelle’s age five years ago will be 90 years. Find their present ages.

Solution:
Let: x = Michelle’s age
x + 5 = Marivic’s age
Age Now Age 5 years ago Age 3 years from now
Michelle’s x x −¿ 5 x+3
Marivic’s x+5 x x+8

Since the problem asks for the product of “Marivic’s age 3 years from now” and
“Michelle’s age 5 years ago”, then:

(x + 8)(x – 5) = 90
x 2 + (–5x) + 8x + (–40) = 90
x 2 + 3x –40 = 90
x 2 + 3x –40 –90 = 0
x 2 + 3x –130 = 0
x 2 + 3x = 130
9 9
x 2 + 3x + = 130 +
4 4
2

( ) = 520+9
x+
3
2 4
2

( x + 32 ) = 5294
2

(√ ) = √ 5294
x+
3
2
3 23
x+ = ±
2 2
−3 23
x= 2
±
2

Therefore, the values of x are:

−3 23 −3 −23
x= 2 + 2 x= 2 2
23−3 −23−3
x= 2 x= 2
 20 −26
x= 2 x= 2

x = 10 x = −13
Since there is no such age that is negative, then we can deduce that only x = 10 will
satisfy the problem. Therefore, Michelle’s age now (x) is 10 years old, while Marivic’s age now
(x + 5) is 10 + 5 = 15 years old.
Check:
The product of “Marivic’s age 3 years from now” and “Michelle’s age five years ago” is 90.
(x + 8)(x – 5) = 90
(10 + 8)(10 – 5) = 90
(18)(5) = 90
90 = 90

4. A bus travels 300 km at a given speed. If the speed is increased to 10 kph, the trip would have
been reduced by one hour. Find the speed.
Solution:
Let x = the time it takes for the bus to travel at 300 km in hour/s
Trip A = The first trip of the bus
Trip B = The second trip of the bus
Distance = Rate × Time
300 km
Trip A 300 km x
Bus x
300 km 300 km
Trip B + 10 (x−1 ¿
x

Equation:
Since the bus took the same distance (300 km) either from his first trip (Trip A),
rate
or his second trip (Trip B), and since distance = ,then:
time

(Rate × Time) Trip A = (Rate × Time) Trip B

( 300xkm )(x) = ( 300xkm +10)(x – 1)

300+10 x
300 = ( )(x – 1)
x
300x = (300+10 x ¿(x – 1)
300x = (300)(x) + (300)(–1) + (10x)(x) + (10x)(–1)
300x = 300x – 300 + 10x2 – 10x
–10x2 + 300x – 300x + 10x + 300 = 0
–10x2 + 10x + 300 = 0
1
( – 10 x 2 +10 x+ 300 ) = (0) 1
−10 −10
x2 – x – 30 = 0
(x+5)(x–6) = 0
Therefore, the values of x are:
 x+5=0 x–6=0
x = –5 x=6
Since there is no such measure of time that is negative, then we can deduce that only x =
6 will satisfy the problem. Therefore, it would take 6 hours for the bus to travel at 300 km during
its first trip. Meanwhile, it would take x−¿1 = 6−¿1 = 5 hours for the bus to travel at 300 km
during its second trip (wherein in this case, its former speed is being increased to 10 kph).
Additionally, since the problem asks for the speed of the bus, then:
distance 300 km 300 km
Speed Trip A = = = = 50 kph
time x hours 6 hours
distance 300 km 300 km
Speed Trip B = = + 10 kph = + 10 kph = 50 kph +10 kph = 60
time x hours 6 hours
kph

Check:
The trip would have been reduced by one hour if the speed of the bus is increased to 10
kph:

300 = ( 300x + 10)(x – 1)

300
300 = ( + 10)(6 – 1)
6
300 = ( 50+10 ) (5)
300 = ( 60 ) (5)
300 = 300
5. Mike and Gerry can finish building a doghouse in 4 hours. It would take Mike 6 more hours
than Gerry to finish the job alone. How long would it take each boy to finish the job if each
works alone?
Solution:
1
Gerry builds at the rate of 1 doghouse in x hours, or of a doghouse per hour.
x
1
Mike builds at the rate of 1 doghouse in x+6 hours, or of a doghouse per hour.
x+6

Time to finish the job Rate of doing the job

1
Gerry x
x
1
Mike x+6
x+6
1
Gerry and Mike 4
4

Equation:
1 1 1
+ =
x x+6 4

1 1 1
(
4x(x+6) x + x+ 6 = 4 )
4(x+6) + 4x = x(x+6)
4x + 24 + 4x = x 2 + 6x
−x 2−¿6x + 4x + 4x + 24 = 0
−x 2+ ¿2x + 24 = 0
−¿2x + 24 = 0)

x 2−¿2x −¿ 24 = 0
(x−¿6)(x+4) = 0
Therefore, the values of x are:
x−¿6 = 0 x+4 = 0
x=6 x = −¿4
Since there is no such measure of time that is negative, then we can deduce that only x =
6 will satisfy the problem. Therefore, it would take Gerry x = 6 hours to build a doghouse alone,
while it would take Mike x + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 hours to build the same doghouse alone.
Check:
1 1 1
+ =
x x+6 4
1 1 1
6 + 6+6 = 4
1 1 1
+
6 12 4=

2+ 1 1
12 = 4
3 1
12 = 4
1 1
4 = 4