Theory of Structure I

Engineering College

Expcri111cnt No. 1

Measurement of reactions in three hinged arch under different

loading a rrangerncnts.

A. Objective
To determine the effects on the support movement due to different loading arrangement
in three hinged arch.

B. Theory
Three hinged arch is a determinate structure whereas two binged and fixed arches are
indeterminate structures. In lab we study three hinged parabolic arch. The equation of
parabolic arch is given by
y=4hx (L~x)/L2, where, (x, y) is any point on the arch.
And the value of horizontal thrust can be found by using the equations of static
equilibrium.

C. Apparatus Required

• Model of three hinged arch.

• Weights: weights required to apply loads at support and different point of the arch
• Measurement scale
 Theory or

Kanflpur Fnginecring College

n, Ohscn'ation
• Span of the nrch(L) ~
• Rise of the nrch(h) :::

A. .
Obser\•ation h1hle ~-------r-11;;-- ~ri~z~on:t~a;J~T~h~r~u;si:--trffcao~riiz~o~n~t~a~l1Tn1~1r~u~s;;-t
0
S.N. Load Distance froni I Theoretical)
left su l >ort (EX crimenta

B.
E. Co1nparison bet,,•cen Experimental value and Theoretical value:

I?. con1ments and Conclusion:

C.
Theory of Structure-I
Kantipur Engineering College

Experiment No. 2

Deflection of Bea m

A. Objective:

Measurement of vertical deflection in the case of simply supported beam under the given
loading arrangement and verification of result by:
• Virtual work method
• Moment area method
• Conjugate beam method
• Macaulay's method

B. Tl1eory:
 \Vhenever a beam is loaded, it deflects from its initial position. The deflection disappears when
the load is removed, provided that the elastic limit of the material is not crossed. Deflection in
structures is also caused by various reasons such as change in temperature, lack of fit of
members, creep, settlement of supports etc.
Different methods for computing deflection of beam theoretically are:-
• Virtual Work method
• Moment Area method
• Conjugate Beam method
• Macaulay's method

C. Ap1>aratus Required:

I. Model of simply supported beam

I
I j
,:.{ p r, ,,I
' 0. 1·
···:r
\.,,.,,. l ~

u:. ll5 :.,

2. Dial gauge: - l11stru1nl;:11l to measure deflection.

3. \.\'eights: - Weights required fur applying loads.
1 hcory of
K Utt ur In nncerm ull l'

l t I d I It
1 Hll 0 LI \.'.
I{ 1 th of b m, I
\ 'h 1 11 u ( 1 a t 11. , 1,
11 • r ., • 1 o k N 111
De th ul l ccuon.d
\\ t t ton h

(1) :i\1C-1\llttlHC'nl of\'c11ic ii llt•'1cction nl It:

l t•flc"tion ltcndin~ at I~ I~ em fll ks
SN. I ond nt P I ond rat Q

l 1 hcorctirat (~:llculntions:

l ompute the dcflectlon theoretically 1.111hc poiru of concern along the bc~1111 axis using above
pi.: ified f" ur theoretical methods, Individual calculation for each method is ncccssa1y.
 S.N. 'I hcorctical methods l'hcorctlcnl l~'pc>1·ir11c111:tl l{c111arks
l>cncc1io11 l)cfl~cliun

l
~--J

Errors in rractlcnt results Irnm theor 1

t .• 1
t e re u calcula lions:

(;. ('01n1ncnts and Conclusion:

Theory of Structure I
Kantlpur Engineering College

Experiment No. 3

Experhnental analysis of Suspension Bridge

A. Objective

To determine the maximum tension in the cable.

B. Theory

Cables are the main members of the suspension bridge carrying load of the whole bridge. They arc
one-dimensional structures. Cables are suspended between supports to carry vertical loads. Since
cables are flexible, they cannot resist bending moments and compressive forces. As the load is
applied, the cable changes its position and the load is carried through the axial tension.
The tension in the cable at any section is obtained as:
T = (V2+H2)112 Where, V =Vertical force at the section, H = Horizontal force at the section.
C. Apparatus Required

Pullev Suspension

Suspenders Cable \

II

Deck
• Supporting towers
• Cables
• Anchor cable
• Suspenders
• Weights
"le\?
\ /I
(
 ipln Ofthe Bridge(L) =
• Clmtml dip (Ye) =
External point load =
Observation Table '
Tension in cable 2 Total
S.N. Loads Distance from Tension in cable 1 tension
left support

E. Comnarison between Experimental value and Theoretical value

F. Comments and Conclusion

 Theory of Structure-I
tcaatlpur Engineering College

Experiment No. 4

J)isplacc111 cnt 111cns11 rc111e11t in statical))'' <lcter111i11a tc fran1c.

A ()hjccth c

Measurement of displacement in snulcatty determinate frame under the given loading

al rangcmcnt and veri ficat ion of 1 esult by:
• Virtual work method

B. 'fhcot)'

Whcncv er a statically determinate lame is loaded, it is deflected from its initial position.
1 he displacement disappears when the load is removed, provided that the elastic limit of
the material is not crossed. Displacement in structure is also caused by various reasons
such ns change in temperature, lack of fit or members. creep, settlement of supports etc.
Virtual work method can he used to determine the deflections theoretically.

C'. Apparatu.'\ l~t·quirr<l

l. Model of statically determinate frames.

2. J)ial gaugt.•: Instrument lo measure deflection.
3. \\'eight:-;: Weights required to apply load.
p Q

'""'1 .. -- L3 _.....,.-11•-.--L :3 _ .,..--L .. 1

3
 'fbeory of Str

•"'dpur Engineering College

p Q

,.. L/3 . . 1. L/3 ._..._ L/J .. 1

D. Observations:

Least count of dial gauge:

Length of frame mern bers.: . * 8 2
Young's modulus of elasticity, E = 2 10 kN/in
Depth of frame section:
Width of frame section:
Measurement of T-Iorizontal <lisplace1nent at B:

S.N. Load at P Load at Q Displacement readinz at B Remarks

E. Theoretical Calculations:

Compute the deflection theoretically at the point of concern along the beam axis using
above specified four theoretical methods. Individual calculation for each method is
necessary.
S.N. Theoretical methods Theoretical Experin1ental Remarks
cl isplaccmcn t d isolaccn1ent

F. Errors in Practical r~sults fro111 'fhcorctical calculations

G. Comments and Conclusion