Professional Documents
Culture Documents
October 2017
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………. iv
CHAPTER
2. METHOD
Page
Summary ………………………………………………………. 24
Hypothesis …………………………………………………….. 24
Findings ………………………………………………………… 25
Conclusions …………………………………………………… 25
Recommendations …………………………………………… 26
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………… 28
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………. 30
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………….. 39
Chapter 1
developing countries (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2014). Studies show that men
relation to this (Lusardi et al., 2010). With this prevailing problem, the
researchers would like to know if it shows the same results among high
school students.
women display lower financial knowledge than men and are also less
better than men at short term money management behaviour they have a
women’s financial well-being per se, but also limit the extent to which
2
women can improve their knowledge, confidence and skills about economic
Literacy, women went from being just below the gender parity line in 2010 to
2012).
same factors affect high school students. Moreover, this study was also
aspires to balance financial literacy among men and women and finally
students?
3
It is a basic concept in understanding money and its use in our daily lives
know how to manage the money in different usage, spend the money wisely
and make the right choices (IGI Global, n.d.). This concept is also needed
because if youth are financially illiterate, they may lack the knowledge to
make important financial decisions for their future as they transition into
finances. Students on the other hand, learn to save their allowance as they
grow and meet the different requirements in school as well as the things
have more financial knowledge than female students as they are openly
about the advantages and disadvantages of it. An evidence from the study of
Bucher Koenen et al. (2012) shows that women are aware of their lack of
lower than that of the men’s. This is because women are less exposed to the
risks and often play safe to refrain from doing things they would regret in
the end.
that people--especially the students, are equipped with the financial literacy
skills they need to make wise decisions about how they spend and save
money and avoid debt that can mean the difference between a secure future
and a desperate struggle. It also avoids one from falling into the pit
A couple of studies show that women are much better than men at
handling money because they understand that they must be the best of
what they can possibly be at this skill. Perhaps women are more concerned
about their skills but that worry may be one of the reasons why they are
better at doing a good job. They are more aware of the need to be on top of
this (Neal, 2012). Women are more actionable, measurable and have timely
goals. They do not get easily distracted and lose focus and are better at
Attitude. When it comes to financial attitude, male and female are still
positive attitude towards saving and shopping than males. Females are also
less self-assured and prefer to take fewer risks than men who are risk-
takers and are overconfident which is the main reason why they often don’t
succeed at handling finances. Male students spend more money than female
students according to him. On the other hand, women tend to have more
history have been handled by men because women do not have the risk
appetite nor courage to risk large losses. They find the need to show women
environment where the world seems like a scarier place than it does to men,
so they tend to be more conservative and risk averse. Whereas males are
men.
another factor that may affect the attitudes and behaviors of male and
teenagers can help broaden the grasp of their different natures and identify
comprehends the existing theories and ideas related to the topic for the
behaviour, and these are shaped through social learning processes. Social
their gender and their environment. Some previous studies have produced
opportunities that women and men have to experience with financial issues
social and economic factors (Fisher, 2012). After all, one’s financial literacy,
especially the students’, are influenced by their parents. Gender roles may
also affect the saving and spending behaviours of male and female
8
more financially informed and to have the ability to use knowledge and
It’s not only about young people — everyone must become savvy about
male and female, the common sparing and spending practices of teenagers
and how relevant financial literacy is to their daily lives, the researchers
discovered established existing theories that are related to the chosen study.
The Reciprocal Determinism Theory will be used for the development of this
interact. This interaction now influences how individual deals with their
daily financial activities that can now be used in determining the level of
Literacy between male and female Grade 11 students of ANHS which will be
financial literacy. This can also arouse the administration to strive more in
uncovering information that can develop the studies involving this matter.
recreate their methods in teaching financial literacy among male and female
students. This also encourages them to put their attention and give effort in
this area for future developments of the study and contribute to the existing
literature.
Parents. The proposed study will give parents new knowledge and
determine who is more financially literate between male and female, it also
research topics related to their strand and can gather new knowledge
male and female. Thus, they will obtain knowledge of what financial literacy
results can be used as basis for selecting the gender that is more potential
for a certain job. This also can be an opportunity for the business industry
to know how men and women vary in managing finances and recognize who
11
company. The results of this study will also help obtain knowledge of
literature.
this study and use this as a means of information regarding the financial
literacy of the 11th grade students. They could also use this as a basis of
Definition of Terms
The following terms used in the study are operationally defined for
deeper understanding.
Financial Literacy. This refers to how educated the 11th Grade students
are in managing and dealing with their funds that outcomes to making
METHOD
Research Design
appropriate research design to be used in this study for this was identified
to have a single variable. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic
features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the
sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they
Research Respondents
High School, year 2017-2018, while e, stands for the margin of error. The
The target respondents in this study were the Grade Eleven (11)
sample size for the study was 312 respondents. In selecting the correct
respondents that will represent the whole population, the researcher used
researcher first divided each number of students per strand by the total
312.
Descartes 46 10
Voltaire 60 13
Woodworth 49 11
C.S Lewis 60 13
Fitzgerald 42 9
Homer 64 14
Shakespeare 53 12
Tolkien 65 14
Longfellow 52 11
Twain 56 12
Hughes 50 11
STEM Pythagoras 48 11
(227) Pascal 49 11
Leeuwenhoek 37 8
Heisenberg 46 10
Newton 47 10
Overall: 1414 312
researchers then get the correct number of respondents from each section
that will represent the whole population of the respective strands. In this
Research Instrument
Rese
making skills, of individuals. The instrument used in this study was a 10-
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Totally Disagree
Research Procedure
carefully and thoroughly by the two experts for approval before given to
16
The researchers will first make a letter of request to the EMIS to get
the total population per section of the Grade 11 students to be used in the
research. The researchers will also make a letter of request to the Principal
for the conduct of the study. The researchers will then prepare the
computed sample size per section. The respondents will be chosen using the
stratified random sampling. The researchers will then collect all the data
after the respondents have answered the questionnaires and ensure those
will be kept confidential. After all the questionnaires have been collected
back and after all the data has been gathered, the researchers will then
following tools:
Mean- also called the average and median, will be used to determine
the level of financial literacy between male and female using the following
guide:
17
The purpose of this study was to describe the level of financial literacy
School. Male and female which is the two independent samples was
This chapter will provide an analysis of the data gathered from the
techniques used were the descriptive research and t-Test, also used to
determine the level of financial literacy between male and female students.
Several studies show that women are more superior than men in
that men exceed more than the women. In accordance with the study of
Russia Trust Fund (2013), women are less financially literate than male and
(2009) that women being lower than men in tertiary education rates in
mathematics and in PISA 2006 showed that men outstand in analyzing and
9. Thinking of my assets,
debts, and savings, I am
satisfied with my current Financially
personal financial
Literate
condition.
44 93 42 13 2.85
10. Financial Highly
education should be Financially
offered in schools. 158 24 7 3 3.71 Literate
by Bandura (1977). The study presented by Leong (2013) can support the
making the women more conservative and risk averse. This implies that
gives a sure shot return and this may lead the women to make a sound
reasons why women are better than men in money management, it includes
Strands) table shows an overall mean 3.08 of male students and 3.20
overall mean for female students. This means that both male and female in
grade 11 students are financially literate reaching the range of mean 2.51-
This study indicated that both male and female grade 11 students of
Agusan National High School are financially literate with the range of means
Financially Literate, P-value of 0.166 and using t-Test the researchers found
reject Ho.
Chapter 4
Summary
This study aims to determine the financial literacy between male and
problems:
1. What is the level of financial literacy among male and female students?
Hypothesis
Ha: There is a significant difference between male and female students with
Findings
Based on the data gathered, the following are the salient findings:
dealing with their finances to better prepare them for their future
expenses.
Conclusions
drawn:
1. While many studies suggest that gender differences among the adults
exist in financial literacy, even stating that men are more literate than
women are, it was found dissimilar among high school students. Based
on the results, even with a slight difference in their means, it was found
26
literacy.
2. Therefore, since the gender gap that previous studies have been
presenting does not exist among high school students, the financial
with knowledge and skills to deal with their finances. The data also
showed that students are not highly financially literate therefore it would
Recommendations
studies that better focus itself on providing students with the knowledge
and skills to deal with their finances than putting emphasis on the
fields that could benefit the type of study so that others would be able to
take advantage in the study. The future researchers must also focus on
other factors and not purely on gender to get more information and data
27
to this.
2. The gathered data suggests that the researchers should also conduct a
survey outside the school’s vicinity to have a wider scope and additional
3. The future researchers could propose studies that will help the
great impact to our economy. The researchers could also choose studies
which they would be profited by uncovering things that were not yet
REFERENCES
Latham, A. (2017, June 23). 24 Reasons Why Women Are Better at Money
Management Than Men. Retrieved July 9, 2017 from
https://www.supermoney.com/2014/09/women-money-management/
Leong, M. (2013, March 11). Are women naturally better with money than
men? Retrieved July 9, 2017 from
http://business.financialpost.com/personal-finance/are-women-naturally-
better-with-money-than-men/wcm/23fc5 51d-fb07-4894-9a1a-
75c08ee260c3
Neal, A. (2012, September 8). Women Are Much Better Than Men At
Handling Money. Retrieved July 10, 2017 from
http://www.thedigeratilife.com/blog/managing-money-men-women/
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
31
APPENDIX B
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
n = N/(1+Ne2) Where:
n= sample size
e= margin of error(5%)
n= 1414/1+(1414)(.05) ₂
=1414/1+(1414)(.oo25)
=1414/1+3.535
=1414/4.535
=311.797 ≅ 312
32
C. Tables
D. Figures
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Details
Sex Female
Age 18
Date of Birth April 25, 1999
Place of Birth Quezon City, Manila
Father’s Name Nethanel Mark Cataluña
Mother’s Name Mary Anne De Gamo
Educational Background
Elementary Rainbow of Angels Learning Center
Montilla Boulevard, Butuan City
Junior High School Agusan National High School
(Science, Technology, and
Engineering Curriculum)
A.D. Curato St., Butuan City
Agusan National High School
Senior High School
(Academic Track, Accountancy,
Business and Management Strand)
A.D. Curato St., Butuan City