9

Technology and
Livelihood Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Basic Concepts of Electricity (Part
II)
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Basic Concepts of Electricity (Part II)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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JUNIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

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 9
Technology and
Livelihood
Education 9
(Computer Hardware Servicing)
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Basic Concepts of Electricity (Part
II)
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test.
We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the basic concepts
of electricity needed in working with computer devices and equipment. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But
the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The set of modules was designed and written to help you be familiar with the different concept and
develop the different skills required in the specialization Computer Hardware Servicing. This module
particularly focuses on how to diagnose and configure computer systems and networks of computer
system errors.

After going through this module, you are expected to diagnose and configure computer systems and
networks of computer system errors (TLE_ICTCS9DT-IIIf-j- 2).

1. Define and differentiate the two types of current.

1 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What I Know

Read each item carefully. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word/phrase. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. is a movement of positive or negative electric particles. types of
2. There are electric current.
3. The two types of electric current are direct current and .
4. means that the flow of electric charge that does not change direction.
5. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows direction only.
6. or AC is an electric current that periodically reverses its direction.
7. AC electricity is produced by generators from a .
8. Alternating currents are sinusoidal waves, which allows them to in
time.
9. It is relatively easy to change voltages of AC using a .
10. The primary purpose of the computer’s is to convert AC to DC.

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to get all the correct answers? If yes, then that means you already know much
about our topic in this module.

If not, it is alright. Because that means you will learn something new from this module.

2 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 Lesson
Basic Concepts of
1 Electricity
This module will help you have fundamental knowledge about electricity. It will equip you with the basic
knowledge on electrical terms.

What’s In

Before we proceed to our topic, let us look back at the previous lesson. This will test if you remember
what you learned about the lesson you have finished.

Activity 1: Am I True, Am I False

Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement states a fact and FALSE if not. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Electricity is the flow of electron or electric current.
2. Electricity cannot be seen itself, but some of its effects are visual, such as light.
3. The motion of free electrons is the basis for the flow of electrical current.
4. The amount of current flowing in a circuit is measured in volts.
5. Conductors of electricity are substances which permits the free flowing of electric current.

Check your answers from the key to correction. Did you get
them all correct? Great job!

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help guide the students in becoming familiar with Personal Protective Equipment and its
importance in ensuring safety while working with computers.

3 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What’s New

Activity 2: Unscramble Us

Unscramble the set of letters below to form words related to the lesson.

RENTRUC REDICT LANTERNATIG

DARTSNAD POREW

Check your answer using the key to corrections.

Were you able to decode all of them? Well done! Let us now proceed to our discussion.

What is It

(Electric) Current

It is a movement of positive or negative electric particles

accompanied by such observable effects as the production of heat,
of a magnetic field, or of chemical transformations.

http://www.justscience.in/articles/electric
-current/2017/05/13

There are two types of electric current: Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current
(AC).

1. Direct Current

Direct current, abbreviated as DC, means that the flow of electric charge that does not change
direction. Batteries, fuel cells, rectifiers, generators with commutators, static and lightning produce
direct current.

4 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows only one
direction. A voltage is produced, and maybe reserved, until it is
used up. In the circuit, there is a specific and constant voltage
where the current flows. This is oversimplified somewhat but is
suitable for our needs. You are using direct current when you use a
flashlight, a pocket radio, a portable CD player or any other type of
battery-operated or portable device.

https://gamesmartz.com/definitions?
definition=6378&direct-current

There is relatively low voltage for most DC circuits. A car's battery, for example, is approximately
12V, and that's about as high a DC voltage as most people ever use.

Direct currents are constant in time and flow in only one direction. Their appearance does not vary, just
like that of a straight line. Power sources such as batteries, power supplies and DC generators produce
direct currents. Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells can also generate DC power.

http://www.elmatek.se/index.php/en https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/04
https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/
/products/generators/dc-generators /amp-solar-cells-scientists-ditch-silicon
poison/batteries/

2. Alternating Current

Alternating current or AC is an electric current

that periodically reverses its direction. It is in
contrast with the direct current (DC) which cannot
change sporadically.

http://powerphilippines.com/soleco-first-
picohydro-powerplant-ph/

This type of electricity is generated by AC generators generally from a hydroelectric plant. It is the
commercial power delivered through power transmission lines. It is utilized for electrical appliances
and equipment in homes and offices. AC currents can be reduced to suit its application through the
use of power transformer. It can also be converted to DC for specific purposes. In the Philippines,
alternating current is rated as 220V AC at 60 Hz.

5 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/ac-circuit-theory

Alternating currents change direction occasionally, flowing first on one way and then to the other. They
are sinusoidal (having the form of a sine curve) waves, which allows them to change in time. They are
generated from sources such as power supplies and AC generators. In North America, the AC is 120
volts and 60 hertz or cycles per second. This implies that the current changes direction 60 times per
second. In Europe, it is normally 50 hertz with 220 to 240 volts.

Why does standard electricity come only in the form of

alternating current?

There is a variety of reasons why standard electricity is in AC

form. One of the most important of these reasons is that it is
relatively easy to change voltages of alternating currents from
https://safetymanagementgroup.com/respect-
one level to another using a transformer. Transformers normally
the-power-of-power-lines/ do not work for direct current. This ability permits electric
companies
to generate and distribute electricity in a more efficient manner. By transmission at high voltage for
long lengths, energy loss is reduced due to the resistance in the transmission wires. Another reason is
that alternating current electricity may be easier to generate mechanically than direct current.

Personal Computers use only direct current. This means

that the AC provided by the utility must be converted first to
DC before being use. This is the primary purpose of the
computer’s power supply.
https://my.rs-online.com/web/p/pc-
power-supplies/1366054/

6 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What’s More

To check what you have learned from the discussion, answer the following activity.
Activity 3: Am I True, Am I False
Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement states a fact and FALSE
if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. There are two types of electric current: Direct Current and Alternating Current.
2. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows different directions.
3. DC is present in battery – operated devices.
4. Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells can also generate DC power.
5. Alternating current or AC is an electric current that periodically reverses its direction.
6. AC is generated through hydroelectric power plants.
7. DC is the form of electricity commercially generated for homes and offices.
8. In the Philippines, alternating current is rated as 220V AC at 50 Hz.
9. Transformers normally do not work for direct current.
10. Personal computers use only direct current.

What I Have Learned

Let us have a summary of what you have learned today.

Activity 4: I FILL You

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words/phrase. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The topic of this lesson is all about .

2. I have learned through this lesson that .
3. The terms / ideas I found hard to understand are .
4. I enjoyed learning the terms / ideas about .
5. I am having difficulty with .

7 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Illustrate Me

Read through other sources such as books or the internet. Look for illustrations on the comparison of
Direct Current and Alternating Current. Draw them on a separate sheet of paper.

Assessment

Read each item carefully. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word/phrase. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. is a movement of positive or negative electric particles. 2- 3. The
two types of electric current are and .
4. means that the flow of electric charge that does not change direction.
5. In direct current, the flow of electric charge is follows .
6. Alternating current or AC is an electric current that periodically its
direction.
7. AC electricity is produced by generators from a .
8. Alternating currents are waves, which allows them to change in time.
9. It is relatively easy to change voltages of AC using a .
10. The primary purpose of the computer’s power supply is to .

Additional Activities

For additional information about our lesson for today, you may go to the following links:
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/alternating-current-ac-vs-direct-current-dc/all
https://www.diffen.com/difference/Alternating_Current_vs_Direct_Current
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/20-5-alternating-current-versus- direct-current/

8 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
Answer Key

9 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
References
Information and Communications Technology: Computer Hardware Servicing, K to 12 Basic
Education Program Learning Materials for Grade 9, 2013, First Edition

http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/images/Files/OSH%20Standards%202017.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5gxAICpKps

10 Q3_TLE(CHS)9_ Module 7
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph