Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge at Prince Metib Servicereport

Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge At Prince Metib

Service Road Intersection with Railway in Dammam
Course Title: Learning Outcome Assessment III
(Senior Design Project)
Course Number: ASSE 4311
Spring 2017/2018
Student Names & ID:
1. Faisal AlDubaikel – 201400354

2. Motaz AlAzeb – 201301008
3. Faisal Ratrout – 201200365
Advisors:
1. Eng. Mohammad Nayeemuddin

2. Dr. Tahar Ayadat
Coordinator:
Dr. Andi Asiz

Acknowledgement
First of all, we are very much grateful to the Almighty ALLAH for his continuous
blessings and the courage instilled in us throughout our course of studies.
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without mention of the people who made it possible and support
had been a constant source of encouragement which crowned our efforts with success.
We consider ourselves proud to be a part of Department of Civil Engineering
family, the institution that stood by out-way throughout our endeavor career.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our Principal Prof. Andi Asiz,
Professor and Chairman, Department of Civil Engineering, for providing us an
opportunity to do the project work and also for providing us the necessary facilities
during the course of the project.
Our special gratitude to Prof. Tahar Ayadat, Professor of Department of Civil
Engineering for his constant encouragement and wholehearted support in doing this
project.
We gratefully acknowledge the help of our guide Eng. Mohd Nayeemuddin, Lab
Instructor, Department of Civil Engineering for his valuable guidance and constant
encouragement during the period of the project work.
We are grateful to AMO and Partners Engineering Company for helping us
throughout the design and modeling period, they shown support and great advice
throughout the design process.
We express our deepest appreciation to our beloved parents, brothers and sisters
the most precious in our life- for their love, support and understanding that they have
provided to us throughout our life.
Our sincere thanks to the teaching and non-teaching staff of Civil Engineering
Department for their cooperation extended to us.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank our classmates and friends in civil
engineering department for their cooperation and encouragement.
FAISAL ALDUBAIKEL
MOTAZ ALAZEB
FAISAL RATROUT
Abstract
To follow up with the urban renaissance that happen in Saudi Arabia, and as a
part of the vision of 2030 Saudi Arabia need some of that focus that can make it special
to other countries. Therefore, we choose the eastern province to create our project which
is (Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge at Prince Metib Service Road Intersection
with Railway in Dammam) to be specific, we choose Prince Metib Service Road.
However, this road is service road and it will help the traffic in this place, because this
region is always heavy traffic. Also, there is cross section with train. Because most of the
people use this road to reach the city center. This makes it the perfect spot for this huge
project.
The design will be separated into part depended on the thing that will cover. For the
structural design, we will use (SAP2000) computer software. For the geotechnical part,
we will design the foundation and the piles using appropriate formulas. Where we used
the local Ministry Of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MOMRA) and the American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) code. Last but not
least, our design is included into many different design constrains, and rough cost
estimation of the process.
Notations
Symbol Definition
𝑪𝒕𝒐𝒑 Top Cover
𝑪𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 Bottom Cover
𝒇′𝒄 Concrete Compression Strength
𝒑𝒆 Final Stress
𝒑𝒊 Initial Stress
𝒇𝒚 Yielding Strength of Concrete
𝒇𝒄𝒊 Initial Limit Compression Force
𝒇𝒕𝒊 Initial Limit Tension Force
𝒇𝒄𝒔 Final Limit Compression Force
𝒇𝒕𝒔 Final Limit Tension Force
𝒔𝒃 Bottom Section Modulus
𝒔𝒕 Top Section Modulus
r Slenderness
e Eccentricity
𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 Top Force on Girder
𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 Bottom Force on Girder

𝒑𝒊 Post-Tensioning Strength
DL Dead Load
LL Live Load
Asphalt + Concrete Slab + Girder Self-

F’
Weight + Bridge Railing Load on Pier Cap
F” Truck Load on Pier Cap
F”’ Lane Load on Pier Cap
𝑭𝒖 Factored Force on Pier Cap
𝑷𝑫 Design Wind Pressure
𝑷𝑩 Basic Wind Pressure
𝑽𝑫𝒁 Design Wind Speed
𝑽𝟎 Design Wind Speed at Hight 0
𝑽𝟑𝟎 Design Wind Speed at Hight 30
𝑽𝑩 Regional Basic Wind Speed
Z Hight Above Average Ground Level
𝝀 Normal Weight of Concrete
PGA Peak Ground Acceleration
𝜸 Unit Weight
𝒒𝒂𝒍𝒍 Allowable Bearing Capacity
R.Q.D Rock Quality Designation
𝒒𝒖 Ultimate Bearing Capacity
C Cohesion
Fcs, Fqs, Fs Shape Factors
Fcd, Fqd, Fd Depth Factors
Fci, Fqi, Fi Inclination Factors
𝑵𝒒 , 𝑵𝜸 , 𝑵𝒊 Bearing Capacity Factors
𝝓 Friction Angle
L’ Effective Length
B’ Effective width
𝑰𝒛 Polar Moment of Inertia
𝑬𝒔 Modulus of Soil
Table of Content
1. CHAPTER 1:Introduction
1.1. General…………………………………………….………………………………1
1.2. ProjectObjectives……..………………………………………...…………………1
1.3. Scope of the report ………………………………………………………………..1
1.4. Description of the Project ………………………………………………………...2
2. CHAPTER 2: Bridges in Brief
2.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….6
2.2. Bridge ……………………………………………………………………………..6
2.3. Types of Bridges ………………………………………………………………….6
2.4. Categorization Based On Construction Material …………………………………7
2.4.1. Concrete Bridges ………………………………………………………………….7
2.4.2. Steel Bridges ……………………………………………………………………...7
2.4.3. Timber Bridges …………………………………………………………………...7
2.5. Composite Bridges ………………………………………………………………..7
2.6. Classification by Span Length ...……………………………………….………....8
2.6.1. Short Span Bridges .................................................................................................8
2.6.2. Medium Span Bridges .............................................................................................8
2.6.3. Long Span Bridges ..................................................................................................8
2.7. Classification by Structural Form ...........................................................................8
2.7.1. Slab Stringer Bridge ................................................................................................8
2.7.2. Truss Bridges ..........................................................................................................9
2.7.3. Rigid Frame Bridges ...............................................................................................9
2.7.4. Arch Bridge .............................................................................................................9
2.7.5. Cable Stayed Bridge ...............................................................................................9
2.7.6. Suspension Bridges ...............................................................................................10
2.8. Classification by the Span Type ...........................................................................10
2.8.1. Simple Span Bridge ..............................................................................................10
2.8.2. Continuous Span Bridge .......................................................................................10
2.9. Classification of the Bridges According to their Utility .......................................11
2.10. Classification According to the Deck Type of the Bridge ....................................11
2.11. Bridge Structure ....................................................................................................11
2.11.1. Superstructure .......................................................................................................11
2.11.2. Bearings ................................................................................................................11
2.11.3. Substructure ..........................................................................................................11
2.12. Girder Bridge ........................................................................................................11
2.13. Bracing ..................................................................................................................12
3. CHAPTER 3: Investigative Procedure
3.1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................13
3.2. Adopted Strategy for Analysis ..............................................................................13
3.2.1. Selection of Cross Section ....................................................................................13
3.2.2. Defining Loads ......................................................................................................13
3.2.3. Analysis and Design .............................................................................................13
3.3. Practiced Strategy for the Analysis of Superstructure ..........................................13
3.3.1. Deck Slab ..............................................................................................................14
3.3.2. Girder ....................................................................................................................14
3.3.3. Bearings ................................................................................................................14
3.3.4. Design Constraints………………………………………………………………14
4. CHAPTER 4: Hand Calculation
4.1. Limitations ............................................................................................................15
4.2. Load Calculation ...................................................................................................16
4.3. Slab Design ...........................................................................................................19
4.4. Girder Design ……................................................................................................21
4.5. Stress Calculation ..................................................................................................26
4.6. Elastomeric Bearing Design .................................................................................32
4.7. Pier Cap Design ....................................................................................................35
4.8. Pier Design ............................................................................................................40
5. CHAPTER 5: Soil Report and Foundation System Design
5.1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................43
5.2. Soil Investigation ..................................................................................................43
5.3. Foundation Design ................................................................................................45
5.4. Abutment Design...................................................................................................49
6. CHAPTER 6: Introduction to Software
6.1. Introduction to SAP2000 ......................................................................................52
6.2. Initializing a Model ...............................................................................................53
6.2.1. Units ......................................................................................................................53
6.2.2. Templates ..............................................................................................................53
6.2.3. Objectives and Elements .......................................................................................53
6.2.4. Grid Systems .........................................................................................................53
6.2.5. Properties ..............................................................................................................54
6.2.6. Loading .................................................................................................................54
6.2.7. Analysis ................................................................................................................54
6.2.8. Load Combinations................................................................................................54
6.2.9. Design ...................................................................................................................55
6.2.10. Output and Display ...............................................................................................55
7. CHAPTER 7: Cost Estimation
7.1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................56
7.2. Resources (4Ms) ...................................................................................................56
7.3. The Factors ............................................................................................................56
7.4. The Techniques .....................................................................................................57
7.4.1. Expert Judgment ...................................................................................................57
7.4.2. Analogous Estimating ...........................................................................................57
7.4.3. Parametric Estimating ...........................................................................................57
7.4.4. Bottom-up Estimating ...........................................................................................58
7.5. Process (Analogous Technique) ...........................................................................59
8. CHAPTER 8: Conclusion
8.1. Conclusion ............................................................................................................62
8.2. Reference………………………………………………………………………...63
9. APPENDEX
9.1. Appendix A: Sections Extracted from MOMRA………………………………...64
9.2. Appendix B: Project Management……………………………………………….77
9.3. Appendix C: Project Analysis…………………………………………………....81
9.4. Appendix D: Soil Report………………………………………………………...83
9.5. Appendix E: SAP2000 Report………………………………………………….100
Design of Post-Tenision Concrete Bridge
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. General
Dammam is a major administrative center for the Saudi oil industry. Together with the
nearby cities of Dhahran and Al Khobar, Dammam forms part of the Dammam
Metropolitan Area, which is commonly known as greater Dammam and has an estimated
population of 4,140,000 as of 2012. Dammam and its suburbs form the center of the
Dammam metropolitan area, also known as Greater Dammam, which is closely linked to
the city through social, economic, and cultural ties.
The city is growing at an exceptionally fast rate of 12% a year- the fastest in Saudi
Arabia, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Arab world. As of 2016 Greater Dammam
is the 4th largest area in both size and population in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
The Dammam metropolitan area and the rest of the Eastern Province are served by the
King Fahd International Airport (KFIA), the largest airport in the world in terms of land
area (approximately 780 km2), about 20 km to the northwest of the city. Dammam's King
Abdul Aziz Sea Port is the largest on the Persian Gulf. Its import-export traffic in is
second only to Jeddah Seaport in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
1.2. Project Objectives

The objective of this project is to build a post-tensioned concrete bridge over a railway
intersection with Prince Metib Service Road. In this project, we will meet several
objectives:
 Design a structural design of the bridge using AASHTO standers, SAP2000 and
CSIBridge Software, which contain the superstructure, substructure and
foundation system.
 Design a geotechnical design for superstructure and substructure.
 Cost estimation compared with concrete design bridge.
1.3. Scope of the Report

The present report consists of eight chapters. A clear and detailed description of the
project is mentioned in this chapter in section (1.4). A brief introduction is present about
the different types of bridges in chapter two. In the third chapter, the investigation
procedures for developing the post-tensioned concrete bridge are stated. The fourth
chapter introduces the software used to model the bridge, which is SAP2000. In the fifth
chapter, detailed soil profile is provided. In the sixth chapter, all calculations are present.
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In the seventh chapter, an estimated cost of the project s present. Finally, in the eighth
chapter, it sums up all necessary information.
1.4. Description of the Project
The bridge is designed using the method of post-tensioning. It is divided into 12 equal
spans, 11 equal piers, 2 abutments, and MCM walls. The bridge consists of 6 girders
carrying 2 traffic lanes each along Prince Metib Road over Railway Line in Dammam,
the Eastern Province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It has a total length of 300 m between
abutments with equal 25 m spans, a minimum vertical clearance of 7.5 m, and a width of
9 m.
Figure 1.1. Bridge Location (Google.Retrieved February 04, 2018, from

https://www.google.com.sa/)
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Figure 1.1. Top and Side View of the Bridge
Figure 1.2. Top View of the Bridge
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Figure 1.3. Top View of the Bridge
Figure 1.4. Side View of the Bridge
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Figure 1.6. Abutment Side View Figure 1.7. Abutment Back View
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CHAPTER 2: Bridges In Brief
2.1. Introduction
In this chapter we will be discussing various types of bridges design depending on the
known bridges classification. This chapter is also concerned with the essential fragments
of the construction of a box girder bridge.
2.2. Bridge
Bridges are that type of important structure; they are part of the road and serve as a
substitute of the landfills to help us (humans) overcome obstacles such as: rivers, lakes or
any other obstacle. Usually, bridges carries car roads or railways to cross any type of
natural obstacle that is hard to remove or reshaped.
2.3. Types of Bridges

All types of bridges can be categorized in different ways depending on the purpose of the
bridge design and its construction. The need for categorizing bridges rose up through the
years; that’s because of the advancement in the technology of bridges construction
throughout the years. Bridges normally are classified based on the bridge super structure.
Overall, bridges are usually categorized on the following details:
 Types of the material used in the construction.
 Span length.
 Construction shape.
 Span types.
 Load path Characteristics.
 Purpose and usage.
 Position.
 Deck type.
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2.4. Categorization Based On Construction Material
Normally, bridges can be classified based on the type of the materials that is used in their
superstructure which is built from:
 Concrete.
 Steel.
 Timber.
Accordingly, bridges are named upon the basic material they are made of as: steel
bridges, timber bridges and concrete bridges. Usually, there is a combination of materials
that are used in the construction of these bridges. As an example, a bridge can have a
reinforced concrete deck and steel stringers which is a common combination of material
upon many structures.
2.4.1. Concrete Bridges
Concrete bridges mainly are built of concrete composed of two types which are
prestressed and reinforced concrete. For reinforced concrete bridges, components of
bridges including: deck, stringer and parapets are made of reinforced concrete. On the
other hand, prestressed concrete bridges contain reinforced concrete deck supported by
prestressed concrete beams. Speaking of the middle span bridges, the box girders are
made of prestressed concrete.
2.4.2. Steel Bridges
Some types of bridge require superstructure that is based on steel to meet the
requirements and the purpose of that building. Good example on these bridges would be
railways and truss. Although some old timber bridges still exist till today, some bridges
still require a steel plate deck.
2.4.3. Timber Bridges
Today, timber bridges are rarely used in the big constructions. Often, they are used in
parks or any other type of recreational societies. Timber bridges, mainly contain
components are made of timber and other types of wood.
2.5. Composite Bridges
For some applications like defense industries, aircrafts and aerospace, bridges needs to be
made of special materials in order to meet the purpose and the requirements they are built
for. These types of Industries require materials that are high in strength, corrosion
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resistant and light as well. Most important, these composite materials don’t show their
full potential till they are mixed properly with steel and concrete.
2.6. Classification By Span Length
In the science of bridge engineering, the span length of any bridge is an important factor
to consider before starting the construction process. Therefore, these bridges are
classified upon: long, medium and short span length. Generally speaking, there is no such
general standard upon which span is classified or categorized. Classification of span
length varies upon several organizations practices and standards.
2.6.1. Short Span Bridges
The type of bridges on which engineers consider the maximum load that the bridge could
handle is a midrange car for example; is to be considered a short span bridge. In case of
data absence regarding specifications detail the following can be beneficial:
Short span bridges = 6 – 38 meters.
2.6.2. Medium Span Bridges
For a different type of a bridge in which the load of the bridge is characterized by a train
for example; the bridge is to be considered a medium span bridge. In case of the absence
of the specifications, the following details are to be considered helpful:
Medium span bridges= 38 – 122 meters.
2.6.3. Long Span Bridges
For the type of bridges that are designed to take a high load, an example on that would
be: a train and 2 direction road for example; it’s required to have a bigger more
complicated type of a structure to take the high load. Truss structured bridges are the ones
to be used in such cases like: sports complex, railways, etc.
2.7. Classification By Structural Form
Based on engineering perspective, the design of the bridges based on its purpose
classifies the type of bridges. All of which plays an important role at the end on the
analysis and work design has to be done in order to make difference in final outcomes. In
most cases, structural form of a bridge refers to the mechanism of resistance a bridge can
handle.
2.7.1. Slab Stringer Bridge
In a slab stringer bridge, the deck is supported by stringers that are themselves supported
by abutments or on piers span or multiple span bridges. These bridges are usually built
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from reinforced concretes. Stringers can be made out of steel, reinforced concrete or
prestressed concrete. The slab stringer system is mostly suitable for short span bridges.
2.7.2. Truss Bridges
Truss bridge is one of the kinds of bridges, assigned by the structures of the so-called
researcher’s estimate that is arranging the parts in the form of triangles, each of pile
groups of related parts are interdependent of steel or wood. These bridges are composed
of groups of metal structures and metal rods, composed of the most common types of
straight chains of steel bars. Praises bridges cruise quietly along the narrow usually
through mountain valleys, rivers and other major bridge features extended for more than
300 M.
2.7.3. Rigid Frame Bridges
A Rigid Frame Bridge is a bridge in which the superstructure and substructure are rigidly
related to behave as a non-stop unit. Commonly, the shape is forged monolithically,
making the shape non-stop from deck to foundation. The connections between
individuals are inflexible connections which switch bending moment, axial forces, and
shear forces. A bridge layout inclusive of a rigid frame can provide considerable
structural benefits, however can also be tough to layout and/or construct (Wikipedia,
2018).
2.7.4. Arch Bridge
Arched bridge is one of the oldest types of bridges. It does consist of pillars formed at the
end of the curved arch. These bridges work through the transfer of the weight of the
bridge partially in horizontal direction by the pillars on both sides. Bridges May Be long
arcs or consists of a series of arches. These bridges stand by generated by the Central
Powers because of the arcs of the bridge to all powers to exercise pressure on the central
axis powers. This type of bridges has many forms vary by geographic region, depending
on the nature of the designer engineer who chooses the form of the bridge.
2.7.5. Cable Stayed Bridge
Cable stayed bridge cables is a bridge with a tower or column of one or more supported
the surface through the metal cables. There are two major types of these bridges: The first
is the design of the harp, and the second is the design of the fan. The taut cables of the
bridge is the most modern bridges, consisting of continuous girders along the bridge and
towers, metal cables extends at an angle to link between the bridge and the body of the
Balata camp its towers.Usually the average free length of this type of bridges between
500 to 2800 feet.
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2.7.6. Suspension Bridges
The suspension bridge is a type of bridges, which suspends the body of the bridge (the
rack) below comment on vertical suspension cables on the Pillars. It was built the first
modern examples of this type of bridges in the early 19th century simple suspended
bridges, which lacks the pillars comment helicopter has a long history in many
mountainous areas in the world. This type of bridges has outstanding cables between the
towers, as well as vertical cabling carrier carrying a block bridge surface, the cross
traffic. This arrangement allows for the bridge to be supported by body or in the form of
the Arc de Triumphed to the top of the additional clearance. Like other types of bridges,
this type often built without temporary scaffolding. The suspension cables must prove to
the score at the end of each side of the bridge, where all the load on the bridge to a
tension in these main cables. Continue the major cables represent the pillars to support
the level of the surface of the bridge, and continues up to the link with the anchors are
installed in the ground. Support the road through helicopter carrier cables or bars, called
the HANGER. In some circumstances, the towers could be based on the edge of a cliff or
the valley where the road can proceed directly to the main bridge, otherwise, the bridge is
usually installed to two smaller pillars running between the pair of columns or between a
pair of columns and highway, which may be supported by the carrier or cables may be
used aluminum space frame bridge in this regard. In the latter case there will be very little
Arch in the major cables.
2.8. Classification By The Span Type
Bridges can be classified as well in accordance with their span in respect with the load
this bridge can handle.
2.8.1. Simple Span Bridge
Simple span bridges cross from one support to another and can be joined together to
create a longer span. Continuous span bridges cross from one side to the other with one
structural beam truss, or arch. Cantilevered bridges are supported at one end or in the
middle and are often held up by tensile suspension (next, 2018).
2.8.2. Continuous Span Bridge
The continuous span gives beam bridges the ability to span great distances. A single beam
bridge rarely spans more than 250 feet. But, as in the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel,
several beam bridges can be linked together, creating what is called a continuous span
(pbs, 2011).
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2.9. Classification of the Bridges According to their Utility
In addition to the bridges that are made for highways and railways uses. There are bridges
designed for non- vehicular uses like:
Pedestrians bridges.
Pipeline bridges.
Conveyor bridges.
2.10. Classification According to the Deck Type of the Bridge
Solid slab, steel girder, grid, simple beam and slab, multicellular, and Spaced beam and
slab.
2.11. Bridge Structure
All bridges can be divided into 3 main criteria which are superstructure, bearings, and
substructure.
2.11.1. Superstructure
The part of the bridge which transfer the load coming from the carriageway into the
ground.
2.11.2. Bearings
Bearings used in bridge structure could be categorized into 2 groups which are metal and
elastomeric. Both types are usable for different purposes and requirements.
2.11.3. Substructure
It consists of piers and abutment shafts or walls, hammerhead, bed block, pedestals and
bearings and various other components.
2.12. Girder Bridge
A steel girder bridge is a bridge in which the main beams comprise girders in the shape of
a I shape. A girder may be made of concrete or steel. Many shorter bridges, especially in
rural areas where they may be exposed to water overtopping and corrosion, utilize
concrete box beams. The term "girder" is typically used to refer to a steel girder. In a
girder or beam bridge, the giders themselves are the primary support for the deck, and are
responsible for transferring the load down to the foundation. Material type, shape, and
weight all affect how much weight a beam can hold. Due to the properties of inertia, the
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height of a girder is the most significant factor to affect its load capacity.(Wikipedia,
2018).
2.13. Bracing
Bracing are structural members positioned transversely between the adjacent girders at
suitable intervals. They are used to provide the lateral distribution of live load at various
adjacent girders.
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CHAPTER 3: Investigative Procedure
3.1. Introduction
The under discussion chapter outlines the mathematical and geometric simplifications
required for calculating critical failure stresses due to the extreme conditions that may
develop in a bridge.
3.2. Adopted Strategy For Analysis
The following strategy was adopted for the completion of the project.
3.2.1. Selection of Cross Section
The depth of the girder is assumed by using the empirical formulas established in codes.
3.2.2. Defining Loads
From AASHTO we have taken the dead loads and live loads factors. Moving load has
taken from Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs (MOMRA) code.
3.2.3. Analysis and Design
After assigning the loads, the analysis and design of steel girder bridge components is
performed by using specific formula, for complex analysis finite element civil
engineering software like SAP2000 and CSI Bridge are used and then analysis results are
used to design the element manually.
3.3. Practiced Strategy For The Analysis of Superstructure
The super structure includes the deck slab, girder and the bearings which are described as
follows:
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3.3.1. Deck Slab
There are different methods, which can be used for the analysis. All the methods have
their own advantages and limitations. SAP2000 is used for the analysis of deck slab by
developing the 3D model.
By using empirical equation as per AASHTO and MOMRA design of deck slab is made
manually. The results obtained from SAP2000 analysis are used in design.
3.3.2. Girder
For girder, line element is used for the analysis of the dead load (self-weight) and
standard truck-train loading, but 3D model is generated for the analysis of sundries. The
model is analyzed by using CSI Bridge software.
3.3.3. Bearings
Bearings used in bridge structure could be categorized into two groups: metal and
elastomeric. Metal bearings sometimes become inoperable, due to corrosion, mechanical
binding, buildup of debris, or alignment of members. The most widely used structural
bearings are reinforced elastomeric bearings and pot bearings.
3.4. Design Constraints
Every project has its own constraints. In our case, we have 4 main constraints to
overcome. First, durability, in which our bridge should be designed for a period not less
than 50 years, the range shoulde be between 50 years and 75 years. Second, economic
constraint, in which we should take under consideration the inflation that might happen
which might affect concrete and steel prices. Also, we should estimate the cost of the
project and compare it with steel bridge. Third, constructability, our bridge must be easily
to assemble without affecting the traffic, we managed that by precasting. Finally, safety,
several safety factors and precautions were taken into account in designing process.
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Hand Calculation for Post-Tension Concrete Bridge
4.1. Limitations
 Depth of T-Beam Girder ≥ 0.070𝐿 (MOMRA)

 Assuming distance between girders (center to center) = 1.5 𝑚
9.1
 Total number of girders = = 6 girders
1.5
 Minimum concrete slab thickness = 175 𝑚𝑚 (MOMRA 7.7.1.1)
 Minimum 𝐶𝑇𝑜𝑝 = 50 𝑚𝑚 , 𝐶𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 25 𝑚𝑚 , 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 100 𝑚𝑚
(MOMRA Table 5.14)
 Assuming Asphalt thickness = 75 𝑚𝑚 (AASHTO)
 Traffic Parapet, Height = 810 mm, Width = 430 mm (MOMRA 11.7.3.2)
 Concrete not less than 𝑓𝑐′ 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 Safety factors for dead and moving load are 1.3, 1.6
 Loss in Prestress = 15%
 Final Presstress = 85% (Pe = 0.85 Pi)
 Reinforcement Strength (Fy= 420)
 Prestress “Post-tension” Concrete stress limits (MOMRA 5.18.2.3)
o Initial limits: Compression 𝑓𝑐𝔦 = 0.6𝑓𝑐′𝑖 = 0.6(20) = 12 𝑀𝑃𝑎
o Initial Limits: Tension 𝑓𝑡𝔦 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑖 = 0.25√20 = 1.11 𝑀𝑃𝑎
o Finial Limits: Compression 𝑓𝑐𝑠 = 0.45𝑓𝑐 ′ = 0.45(28) = 12.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
o Finial Limits: Tension 𝑓𝑡𝑖 = 0.5√𝑓𝑐 ′ = 0.5√28 = 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 Densities (MOMRA Table 3.4)
o Density of Concrete = 2392 kg/m3 = 23.92 kN/m3
o Bituminous wearing surface = 2250 kg/m3 = 22.50 kN/m3
Page 15
4.2. Load Calculation *note: Load is calculated for one typical girder*
1- Dead Load:
 Asphalt = (1.5 𝑚) × (0.075 𝑚) × (22.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) = 2.53 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
 Concrete slab = (1.5 𝑚) × (0.175 𝑚) × (23.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) = 6.28 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑘𝑁 3
 Girder self-weight = (1.1 𝑚2 ) × (23.92 ) = 26.31 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
 Bridge Railing = (0.810 𝑚) × (0.430 𝑚) × (23.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) = 8.33 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2- Moving Load:
 Truck Load (MOMRA 3.6.1.2 / figure 3.1)
 Design lane load
o 20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 uniformly distributed in the longitude direction
o Transversely, the design lane load shall be assumed to be uniformly
over 3𝑚 width.
Figure 3.1
Page 16
3- Earthquake Load (AASHTO)
From AASHTO 3.9.10.2:
Assume seismic zone = 1
Acceleration coefficient, as, ≤ 0.05
Horizontal design ≥ 0.15 × vertical reaction due to permanent load.
Reaction = 3667.11 kN “from SAP2000”
Horizontal force = 0.15×3667.11 = 550 kN
Moment on pier due to earthquake load is:
M = 550 kN × 10 ft × 0.3048 = 1676.4 kN-m
 Seismic zones – Table 3.10.6.1:
Assume acceleration coefficient, SD1 = 0.1
 Seismic zone 1
 Site class – Table 3.10.3.1.1:

̅ > 5000 ft/s
A: Hard rock with shear wave velocity, V
 Site Factor, Fpga at zero period on acceleration spectrum

PGA = 0.2 => Fpga = 1 => (Table 3.10.3.2.1)
SS = 0.5 => Fa = 1.0 => (Table 3.10.3.2.2)
S1 = 0.5 => Fv = 1.0 => (Table 3.10.3.2.3)
Assume period is greater than or equal to
Cms = SDS
SDS = Fa Ss = (1.0)(0.5) = 0.5
 Cms = 0.5
Page 17
4- Wind Load (AASHTO 3.10.9.2)
Assume wind velocity = 100 mph
Table 3.8.1.2.1.1 => The base Pressure, PB = 0.05
Minimum wind load = 0.3 kips/ft
Table 3.8.1.3.1 => skew angle = 0
 Normal component “Transvers” = 0.1 kips/ft

 Parallel component “Long” = 0
The design wind pressure:
V2𝐷𝑍
PD = PB
10,000
V30 Z
VDZ = 2.5 Vo( ) ln( )
VB Zo
For structure in open country => Vo = 8.2
Zo = 0.23
Assume V30 = VB = 100 mph

33.23
VDZ = 2.5 (8.2) ln( ) = 102 mph
0.23
(102)2
PD = PB = 1.04 PB
10,000
𝟐𝟓 𝟏.𝟖
Long Area = (𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟖) (𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟖) = 484 ft2
𝟗 𝟏.𝟖
Transverse Area = (𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟖) (𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟖) = 174 ft2
Zero degree skew Angle
VLong = (484)(0)(1.04) = 0
VTransvers = (174)(0.04)(1.04) = 9 kips
The moment due to wind on the pier is
M = 9k × 10ft = 90 kips-ft = 122 kN-m
Page 18
Slab Design
Page 19
4.3. Slab Design
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 56.7 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑓𝑐 = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑥 56.700 × 106

𝑅𝑢 = 2
= 2
= 2.057 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
0.9𝑏𝑑 0.9(1000)(175)
0.85𝑓𝑐 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌= (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐
0.85(28) 2(2.057)
𝜌= (1 − √1 − )= 0.0051
420 0.85(28)
𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0051(1000)(175) = 896 𝑚𝑚2
896
Use 𝜙 16 𝑚𝑚 → # 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 𝜋 = 4.5
(16)2
4
Take 5 bars for 1 m
𝟓# 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎
Page 20
Girder Design
Page 21
4.4. Girder Design
 Gross Area = (1.5)(1.2) + (0.5)(1.6) = 1.1 m2

 Centroid ( Datum is at the bottom )
1.6 0.2
(0.5)(1.6)( )+(1.5)(0.2)(1.6+ )
 𝑌= 2
(0.5)(1.6)+(1.5)(0.2)
2
= 1.045 𝑚
 Distance from the neutral axis to extreme fibers
o C top = 1.8 – 1.045 = 0.755 m
o C bottom = Y = 1.045 m
 Moment of inertia about neutral axis:
1 1
 Ix = [ (0.5)(1.6)3 + 0.5×1.6)(1.045 – 0.8)2] + [ (1.5)(0.2)3 + (1.5)(0.2) 0.755 – 0.1)2]
12 12
Ix = 0.348 m3
Page 22
Section Properties – Gross composite section :
 Gross Area = (1.5)(0.175) + (0.5)(1.6) = 1.36 m2

 Centroid ( Datum is at the bottom )
1.6 0.375
(0.5)(1.6)( )+(1.5)(0.375)(1.6+ )
 𝑌= 2
(0.5)(1.6)+(1.5)(0.375)
2
= 1.21 𝑚
 Distance from the neutral axis to extreme fibers
o C top = 1.975 – 1.21 = 0.765 m
o C bottom = Y = 1.21 m
 Moment of inertia about neutral axis:
1 1
 Ix = [ (0.5)(1.6)3 + (0.5×1.6)(1.2– 0.8)2] + [ (1.5)(0.375)3 + (1.5)(0.375) 0.765 – 0.1875)2]
12 12
Ix = 0.499 m3
Page 23
 T-Section
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟖
𝑺𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝟑
𝑪 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒𝟓
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟖
𝑺𝒕 = = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝟑
𝑪 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟓
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟖
𝒓= √ =√ = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟐 𝒎
𝑨 𝟏. 𝟏
 Composite section
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟗
𝑺𝒃 = = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎𝟑
𝑪 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟗
𝑺𝒕 = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝟑
𝑪 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟔
𝑰 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟗
𝒓= √ =√ = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 𝒎
𝑨 𝟏. 𝟑𝟔
Page 24
Finding Shear & Moment (DEAD LOAD)
𝑘𝑁 3
 Girder self-weight = (1.1 𝑚2 ) × (23.92 ) = 26.31 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚
 Concrete slap = (1.5 𝑚) × (0.175 𝑚) × (23.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 ) = 6.28 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Loads on the non-composite girder:

𝑤𝐿 26.21(25)
Vmax = = = 327.6 kN
2 2
𝑤𝐿2 26.21(25)2
Mmax = = = 2047.7 kN.m
8 8
Loads on the composite girder:

(32.49)(25)
Vmax = = 406.1 kN
2
(32.49)(25)2
Mmax = = 2538.3 kN.m
8
Page 25
4.5. Stress Calculation:
 Maximum eccentricity is: emax = Y – Bottom cover

emax = 1.045 – 50 = 995 mm = 0.995 m
 Maximum eccentricity to minimize the required Prestressed steel
𝑃 𝑃𝑒 𝑀
Stresses = − ± ±
𝐴 𝑆 𝑆
Page 26
Initial Stage (Non-composite Girder):
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
 𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝐴 + 𝑆𝑡 − ≤ 𝑓𝑡𝑖
𝑆𝑡
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖(0.995) 2047.7
=− + − ≤ 1.1 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.1 0.46 0.46
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 4451.52
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
 𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − 𝐴 − 𝑆𝑏 + ≥ −𝑓𝑐𝑖
𝑆𝑏
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖(0.995) 2047.7
=− − + ≥ −12 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.1 0.33 0.33
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 4639.15 𝑘𝑁
Final Stage (Non-composite Girder):
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡+𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘

 𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + 𝑆𝑡 − ≥ −𝑓𝑐𝑠
𝐴 𝑆𝑡
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑖(0.995) 2538.3

=− + − ≥ 12600
1.1 0.46 0.46
𝑃𝑖 ≥ −6644.36
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑒 𝑀𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡+𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘

 𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − − 𝑆𝑏 + ≤ 𝑓𝑡𝑠
𝐴 𝑆𝑏
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑖(0.995) 2538.3

=− − + ≤ 2650
1.1 0.33 0.33
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 1511.51 𝑘𝑁
Page 27
Finding Shear & Moment (MOVING LOAD)
*Note: to find the critical shear & moment due to movable load, influence line method
has to be used.
1. Truck load
o Case-1 => Vmax = 130×1 = 130 kn
130 KN
40 KN 130 KN
25−8.6
o Case-2 => Vmax = (130×1) + (130× ) = 237.64
25
130 KN
40 KN 130 KN
25−4.3 25−8.6
o Case-3 => Vmax = (40×1) + (130× ) + (130× ) = 232.92kN
25 25
130 KN
130 KN
40 KN
25−4.3 25−8.6
o Case-4 => Vmax = 130 + (130× ) + (130× ) = 263.88 kN
25 25
40 KN
130 KN
130 KN
Vmax = 263.88 KN
Page 28
130 KN
40 KN 130 KN
6.25
(12.5-4.3)( ) = 4.1 m
12.5
Mmax = (40×4.1) + (130×6.25) + (130×4.1) = 1509.5 kN-m
2. Lane Load
1m 20/3=6.7 KN/ m
25 m
6.25 m
10 KN/ m
1
Vmax = × 25 × 1 × 6.7 = 83.75 kN
2
1
Mmax = × 25 × 6.25 × 6.7 = 523.44 kN-m
2
Ultimate (Moving load)
Mu = 1.6 × (1509.5 + 523.44) = 3,252.707 kN-m
Vu = 1.6 × (263.88 + 83.8) = 556.208 kN
Page 29
Initial Stage (composite Girder):
M = Girder self-wight + Slab deck = 2538.5 kN.m

𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖𝑒 𝑀
 𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝐴 + 𝑆𝑡 − 𝑆𝑡 ≤ 𝑓𝑡𝑖
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖(1.16) 2538.3
=− + − ≤ 1.11 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.36 0.65 0.65
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 4779.35 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖𝑒 𝑀
 𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − 𝐴 − 𝑆𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 ≥ −𝑓𝑐𝑖
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖(1.16) 2538.3
=− − + ≥ −12 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.36 0.41 0.41
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 5103.28 𝑘𝑁
Final Stage (Non-composite Girder):
M = 2538.3 + Asphalt + Truck load + Lane load = 4768.9 kN.m

0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑒 𝑀
 𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + 𝑆𝑡 − 𝑆𝑡 ≥ −𝑓𝑐𝑠
𝐴
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑖(1.16) 4768.9

=− + − ≥ −12 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.1 0.65 0.65
𝑃𝑖 ≥ −5900.99
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑒 𝑀
 𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = − − + ≤ 𝑓𝑡𝑠
𝐴 𝑆𝑏 𝑆𝑏
0.85𝑃𝑖 0.85𝑃𝑖(1.16) 4768.9

=− − + ≤ 2.650 × 103 𝐾𝑃𝑎
1.36 0.41 0.41
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 2964.3 𝑘𝑁
Page 30
The appropriate range of 𝑃𝑖 to satisfy both initial and final stresses of both composite and
non-composite girder is:
2964.3 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 𝑃𝑖 ≤ 4435.19 𝑘𝑁
Let 𝑃𝑖 = 2964.3 𝑘𝑁
Table 5.3, Use strand 1860 MPa (Grade 270)
𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 1860 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑝𝑦 = 0.9(1860) = 1674 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 9.53 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑜 15.24 𝑚𝑚
1770.9
Required area of steel = 𝜋 = 10 strands
(15.24)2
4
Page 31
Elastomeric
Bearing Design
Page 32
4.6. Elastomeric Bearing Desgin:

 From superstructure Analysis:
DL= 406.1 kN
LL= 83.75 + 263.88 = 347.63 kN
θ = 0.0121 rad (rotation about transverse axis)
 Steel reinforced elastomeric bearing is selected:
Temperature Movement = 25 mm
Concrete Shrinkage= 2.5 mm
Minimum Thickness of Pad= 2 × horizontal movement
= 2 × (25 + 2.5)
= 55mm
Try T= 55mm (elastomer only)
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿 406.1×103
Maximum Pressure = = = 7 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑊×𝐿 𝑊×𝐿
(406.1×103 )+(347.63×103 )
W×L= = 107675 𝑚𝑚2 ≈ 330×330 mm
7
Trial Pad: 55mm × 330 mm × 330 mm
1 330
Maximum Thickness of Pad of length or width = 110 mm
3 3
T = 55 mm < max = 110 mm (Its ok)
𝐷𝐿+𝐿𝐿 (406.1×103 )+(347.63×103 )

Compressive Stress = = = 6.92 < 7 MPa (It’s ok)
𝑊 ×𝐿 330×330
Page 33
𝐷𝐿 406.1×103
Compressive Stress (Dead Load Only) = 𝑊×𝐿 = = 3.73 MPa > 1.4 MPa
330×330
(It’s ok)
𝑊×𝐿 330×330
Shape Factor = = 330+330 = 165
𝑊+𝐿
Maximum Shear force at Slippage:

𝐷𝐿 406.1
Fs(Max) = = = 81.22 kN
5 5
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠× 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎× 𝑀𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

Actual Design Shear force = 𝑃𝑎𝑑 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ×1000
= 63.2 kN < 81.22 kN (It’s ok)
Page 34
Pier Cap Design
Page 35
4.7. Pier Cap Design:

- Dead load:
𝐹 = 543.125𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑢 = (543.125)(1.2) = 651.75 𝑘𝑁
- Truck load:
𝐹 = 263.88 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑢 = (263.88)(1.6) = 422.208 𝑘𝑁
- Lane load:
𝐹 = 83.75 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑢 = (83.75)(1.6) = 134 𝑘𝑁
𝐹𝑢 = (651.75 + 422.208 + 134) = 1208 𝑘𝑁
Page 36
- Self-weight:
𝑊 = (1)(0.8)(23.92) = 19.1 𝑘𝑁/m

𝑊𝑢 = 19.1(1.2) = 23 𝑘𝑁/m
- From SAP2000:
𝑀 + 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 914.99 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑀 − 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1423.86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1870𝑘𝑁
R = 1856.8 kN
 Design the top reinforcement base on the negative moment:

𝑎
𝑀 = ∅𝐴𝑆 𝑓𝑦(𝑑 − )
2
𝑀 = 1423.86 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (420)(𝐴𝑠 )
𝑎=( )= = 0.02206𝐴𝑠
0.85(𝑓𝑐)(𝑏) (0.85)(28)(800)
0.02206𝐴𝑆
1423.86 × 106 = (0.9)(𝐴𝑠 )(420) (935 − )
2
𝐴𝑠 = 4240 𝑚𝑚2
Page 37
4240
𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅ 25 → # of bars = 𝜋
= 8.6
(4 ) (25)2
𝑢𝑠𝑒 9 # 25𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑠.
 Design the bottom reinforcement based on the positive moment:
𝑎 = 0.02206𝐴𝑠
𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 914.99 𝑘𝑁 . 𝑚
0.02206𝐴𝑠
914.99 × 106 = (0.9)(𝐴𝑠 )(420) (935 − )
2
𝐴𝑠 = 2673 𝑚𝑚2
2673
𝑢𝑠𝑒 ∅ 25 → # of bars = 𝜋
= 5.44
(4 ) (25)2
𝑢𝑠𝑒 6 # 25𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑠.
 Design for shear force “cap”
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1870𝑘𝑁
𝑓𝑐 = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎
- Concrete shear capacity:
∅𝑉𝑐 = ∅(0.17)(⋋)(√𝑓𝑐)(𝑏)(𝑑)
⋋= 1 (normal weight concrete ) , ∅ = 0.75
Page 38
(0.17)(1)(√28)(800)(935)
𝑉𝑐 = = 673𝑘𝑁
1000
∅𝑉𝑐 = (0.75)(673) = 505𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1870 𝐾𝑁 > 505 𝑘𝑁
So, stirrups are needed here.

𝜋
∅10mm → 𝐴𝑏 = ( ) (10)2 = 79𝑚𝑚2
4
𝐴𝑢 = 2𝐴𝑏 = 2(79) = 158𝑚𝑚2
- Design the spacing between two adjacent stirrups
(𝐴𝑢 )(𝑓𝑦)(𝑑)
𝑆= 𝑉𝑢
− 𝑉𝑐
∅
(158)(420)(935)
𝑆 = 1870×103 = 34 𝑚𝑚
− 673 × 103
0.75
𝑑 935
𝑆𝑀𝑎𝑥 ≤ = = 467.5 𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑆𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 610 𝑚𝑚 ≥ 467.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 467.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆 = 34 𝑚𝑚
Page 39
Pier Design
Page 40
4.8. Pier Design:

Axial Compression → P = 3741 kN (from SAP2000)
Wind & Earthquake moment → M = 1710 + 122 = 1832 kN-m
Design the pier as a column subjected to axial compression and bending.

→ Use circular cross section
→ fc’ = 28 MPa, Fy = 420 MPa
Page 41
𝜋
Ag = (0.8)2 = 0.5 m2
4
ɣh = 0.8 – (2) 0.04 – (2)0.01 – 0.02 = 0.68 mm

ɣh 0.68
ɣ= = ≅ 0.85
D 0.5
𝑃 3741×103
Kn = 𝑓𝑐’ × 𝐴𝑔 = (28𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.5×106 𝑚𝑚2 ) = 0.27
𝑀 1832×106 𝑁−𝑚𝑚
Rn = = = 0.16
𝑓𝑐’×𝐴𝑔×ℎ (28𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.5×106 𝑚𝑚2 )(0.8×103 𝑚)
Use chart:
fc’ = 28 MPa
Fy = 420 MPa → Percentage of Steel = 2 %
As = 𝜌 × Ag = 0.02 × 0.2×106 = 10,000 mm2

𝐴𝑠 10,000
# of bars = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 𝜋 = 31.8 bars
(20)2
4
 Use 32 ϕ 20 mm bars
Page 42
Chapter 5: Soil Report& Foundation
System Design
5.1. Introduction
This chapter is specified to describe the site and laboratory investigation, soil report and
ground profile of the site of the bridge. All information are gathered in order to design the
foundation system for different components of the bridge. Also, the foundation system
design will be covered in this chapter.
5.2. Soil Investigation
According to the laboratory report, it was found that there are two different soil profiles
in our site. After digging few boreholes in the site, it was found that the right side of the
railway (section A in figure 5.1) has the rock on 3 m below ground. On the other hand, it
was found that the left side of the railway (section B in figure 5.1) has the rock on 4.5 m
below ground. The best way to fix this problem is to excavate the 4.5 m from section B
and compact it with granular soil of 1.5 m I order to have similar soil profile throughout
the whole site.
Figure 5.1. Bridge layout and boreholes distribution
Page 43
Figure 5.2. Borehole from section A
Page 44
5.3. Design of piers foundation
Since we have two different soil profiles we’ve two methods to find the bearing capacity
for each section.
S-Section (A):-
For Rock, use this method to find allowable bearing capacity:
(𝑅𝑐)(0.8)
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = × 𝑅. 𝑄. 𝐷
10
From soil profile we have these data:
R.Q.D = 43.6 % (by average)
Rc = 13.24 MPa = 1324 kN/m2
(13240)(0.8)
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = × (0.436)
10
qall = 461.8 kN/m2
Page 45
Section (B):-
For compacted layer we have to use Meyehof formula to find the ultimate bearing
capacity:
1
𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑠 𝐹𝑐𝑑 𝐹𝑐𝑖 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 𝐹𝑞𝑠 𝐹𝑞𝑑 𝐹𝑞𝑖 + 𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾 𝐹𝛾𝑠 𝐹𝛾𝑑 𝐹𝛾𝑖
2
∅ = 42° 𝛾 = 20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 c=0 D = 3 m.
Load and moment acting on the piers:
Q = 7454.99 kN, M = 1423.86 kN-m.
𝑀 1423.86
𝑒= = = 0.191 𝑚
𝑄 7454.99
𝐿′ = 10 − 2 (0.191 ) = 9.618 𝑚
𝐵′ = 5 𝑚
𝑞 = 𝛾 × 𝐷 = 20 × 3 = 60 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑁𝛾 = 48.03
9.618
𝐹𝛾𝑠 = 1 − 0.4 ( ) = 0.23056
5
𝐹𝛾𝑑 = 1
𝐹𝛾𝑖 = 1
Page 46
1
2
1
𝑞𝑢 = 0 + 0 + (20)(7)(48.03)(0.23056)(1)(1)
2
𝑞𝑢 = 775.16 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
775.16
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = 258.38 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
3
𝑄 6𝑀 7454.99 6(1423.86)
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 2 = + = 183.27 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵𝐿 𝐵 𝐿 (5)(10) (5)2 (10)
𝑄 6𝑀 7454.99 6(1423.86)
𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 = − 2 = − = 114.92 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵𝐿 𝐵 𝐿 (5)(10) (5)2 (10)
Settlement (Section B):
Schmertmann Method:
𝑍2
𝐼𝑍
𝑆𝑒 = 𝐶1 𝐶2 (𝑞̅ − 𝑞) ∑ Δ
𝐸𝑠 𝑍
0
𝑄 7454.99
𝑞̅ = = = 149.0998 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐿×𝐵 10 × 5
𝑞 = 𝛾 × 𝐷 = 20 × 3 = 60𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
60
𝐶1 = 1 − 0.5 ( ) = 0.66
(149.0998 − 60)
10
𝐶2 = 1 + 0.2 log ( ) = 1.4
0.1
10
𝐼𝑍 = 0.1 + 0.0111 ( − 1) = 0.1111
5
𝑍1 10
= 0.5 + 0.0555 ( − 1) = 0.5555
𝐵 5
𝑍1 = (0.5237)(5) = 2.7775 𝑚
𝑍2 10
= 2 + 0.222 ( − 1) = 2.222
𝐵 5
Page 47
𝑍2 = (2.095)(5) = 13.332 𝑚
0.1074
𝑆𝑒 = (0.66)(1.4)(149.0998 − 60) ( ) (13.332 − 2.7775) = 0.006221 𝑚
15000
𝑺𝒆 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒎
Page 48
5.4. Design of Abutment foundation
For compacted layer we have to use Meyehof formula to find the ultimate bearing
capacity:
1
2
∅ = 32° 𝛾 = 17.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 𝐶=0 𝑑 =2𝑚
Load acting on the abutment:
𝑄 = 6040 𝑘𝑁
Since we don’t have moment, the eccentricity = 0,
𝑀 0
𝑒= = =0
𝑄 6040
𝐿′ = 10 𝑚
𝐵′ = 3 𝑚
𝑞 = 𝛾 × 𝐷 = 17.5 × 2 = 35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑁𝛾 = 30.22
3
𝐹𝑞𝑠 = 1 + ( ) tan 32 = 1.1874
10
3
𝐹𝛾𝑠 = 1 − 0.4 ( ) = 0.88
10
(3)
𝐹𝑞𝑑 = 1 + 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 32 (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 32)2 = 1.4142
2
𝐹𝛾𝑑 = 1
𝐹𝑞𝑖 = 1
𝐹𝛾𝑖 = 1
1
2
1
𝑞𝑢 = 0 + 35(23.18)(1.1874)(1.4142)(1) + (17.5)(2)(30.22)(0.88)(1)(1)
2
Page 49
𝑞𝑢 = 1827.74 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1827.74
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = 609.246 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
3
𝑄 6𝑀 6040 0
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 = + 2 = + 2
= 201.33 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐵𝐿 𝐵 𝐿 (3)(10) (3) (10)
𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 609.246 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ≥ 𝑞𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 201.33 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2, which is acceptable.
Settlement (Abutment):
Schmertmann Method:
𝑍2
𝐼𝑍
𝑆𝑒 = 𝐶1 𝐶2 (𝑞̅ − 𝑞) ∑ Δ
𝐸𝑠 𝑍
0
𝑄 6040
𝑞̅ = = = 201.33 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐿 × 𝐵 10 × 3
𝑞 = 𝛾 × 𝐷 = 17.5 × 2 = 35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
35
𝐶1 = 1 − 0.5 ( ) = 0.894
(201.33 − 35)
10
𝐶2 = 1 + 0.2 log ( ) = 1.4
0.1
10
𝐼𝑍 = 0.1 + 0.0111 ( − 1) = 0.1259
3
𝑍1 10
= 0.5 + 0.0555 ( − 1) = 0.6295
𝐵 3
𝑍1 = (0.722)(3) = 1.8885 𝑚
Page 50
𝑍2 10
= 2 + 0.222 ( − 1) = 2.518
𝐵 3
𝑍2 = (2.518)(3) = 7.554 𝑚
0.18885
𝑆𝑒 = (0.894)(1.4)(201.33 − 35) ( ) (7.554 − 2.518) = 0.0132 𝑚
15000
𝑺𝒆 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Page 51
CHAPTER 6: INTRODUCTION To Software
6.1. Introduction to SAP2000
SAP2000 stands for Structural Analysis Program 2000. This program has a wide
selection of features that can be used for both simple and complex projects. It is mainly a
civil-engineering software which is appropriate for the design and analysis of engineering
works. Its basic and advanced functions can be applied on industrial, transport, public
works and other projects. The engineering works and processes can be made easier by
using the practical object-based modeling context of SAP2000. SAP2000 has been
considered as the most productive and pragmatic program for general purposed
structures. Including small regular tasks of engineering, SAP2000 can be the key power
to all the design and analysis tasks.
6.2. Initializing A Model
SAP2000 is unified with a significant user interface that includes an extensive variety of
design and analysis options. This interface allows generate structural models with
immediate apprehension and it eliminates curve delays for a rapid process. With
advanced analytical strategy, SAP2000 provides step by step procedures. The factors of
the user interface include:
 Units
 Templates
 Objects and elements
 Grid systems
 Properties
 Loading
 Analysis
 Load combinations
 Design
 Output and display
Many classical in a structural analysis can be time-consuming and it is difficult to explore

the influence of a specific structural parameter without the effective method of
modernized programs like SAP2000. The user interface of SAP2000 has such features to
initialize a model. The user can enhance the model by using the steps and factors to
create more powerful structures of any model. The step by step procedures and the
factors are explained below:
Page 52
6.2.1 Units
SAP2000 works with several units. The units used to start a new model become the basic
units for that model. Every material dimension and constant is defined as compatible with
the basic units. Newton and Kip are used to define Force, millimeter and inches are used
for length. Time is measured in seconds and Mass is used only to calculate accelerating
objects for loads. Like others force loads weight also can be applied to the load. For
angular measurements like geometry, Degree is used for measurement. Hertz (Hz) is used
for frequency measurement or in cycles/second.
6.2.2 Templates
SAP2000 has a variety of templates for quick start new model. Parametric templates are
used for 3D frames, 3D trusses, storage vessels, simple beams, staircases, pipes and dam
structures. A great choice of templates can boost up the overall modeling process in many
cases. There are also many other options available according to the structure type.
6.2.3. Objectives and Elements
There are four types of objects and some are subdivided into various types. To define a
model of the physical structural members and loads to the objects any geometrical figure
can be drawn by assigning properties. The main objects are:
 Point objects: subdivided into two as Joint objects and Grounded link objects.
Joints objects are created automatically and can be added in a definitive way.
Grounded link objects accelerate support behaviors like gaps, isolators, multi-
linear springs, dampers and others.
 Line objects: subdivided into two as Frame objects and the Connecting link
objects. To model columns, trusses, braces and beams Frame cable objects are
used. Having zero length facility the Connecting link objects are used to model
gaps, isolators, multi-linear springs, dampers and others.
 Solid objects: Used to model 3D solids.
 Area objects: Used to model 2D solids and thin-walled members.
6.2.4. Grid Systems
There is no limit of grid systems in a model and the grids can be rotated in any direction
within the model or can be placed within. SAP2000 is enhanced with a 3D, right-handed
and Cartesian coordinate system. Every grid can be a general, cylindrical and rectangular
type. To locate objects in the model a 3D grid system with construction lines can be
defined. The right-handed rule is the three axes that are denoted by X, Y, and Z. Being
mutually perpendicular the direction of +Z is considered upward and gravity implied by –
Z direction globally.
Page 53
6.2.5. Properties
A model may have CONCRETE, RECT, CIRC and SLAB properties. CONCRETE is a
material property and can be automatically applied to the object. RECT is a rectangular
frame section property, a circular section is called CIRC and area section is SLAB.
To decide the structural behavior of objects in the model these properties are assigned.
6.2.6. Loading
SAP2000 spontaneously generates and applies wind loads based on various domestic and
international codes. It owns a moving load generator that allows users to move loads to
lanes on shell and frame elements.
The wave loading feature of SAP2000 generates the loading on the structures that result
from current flow, waves, wind, and buoyancy. Static linear loading can be generated
with multiple steps to stimulate the wane moving through the structure. Moreover, the
dynamic loading is to include inertial effects as the wave moves through the structure.
User loads are defined to model a wide array of loading conditions with SAP2000 built-in
user loading options.
6.2.7. Analysis
The analysis is the method for applying loads to the structure and to calculate the
structural responses. There are several types of analysis like Static, Dynamic, Buckling,
P-Delta, and Pushover.
SAP2000 can operate both multi-step static and linear static analysis. The abilities of
dynamic analysis include the calculation of vibration using Ritz or Eigen. Linear
buckling modes of a structure stay under the set of loads.
The soft effect of compression and harshening effect of tension are captured by P-Delta
analysis.
The Pushover analysis performs the execution of FEMA-356 and the hinge option based
on stress-strain is also included.
6.2.8. Load Combinations
There are several types of load combination. They include linear addictive, envelope,
absolute add, SRSS, and range combinations.
 Linear addictive: It adds the result from the included combos and cases
 Envelope: To find the maximum and minimum values envelope combination is
responsible to add the results.
Page 54
 SRSS: This type computes the square root of the sum of the squares of the
analysis cases and combos.
The design of the model is not directly based on analysis rather on combinations. For
design and other purposes, additional combinations can be created.
6.2.9. Design
There are some settings to affect the design of a specific model. In those sections where
the properties are based on the materials of steel, concrete, or aluminum the design
features can be used on frame objects. Two frames are explained in brief:
 Steel frame: For the member size optimization and implementation of design
codes steel frame can be used. The program allows the users to view the design
results through any frame.
 Concrete frame: The concrete frame design includes auto select lists for member
sizing, the area of steel calculations, overwriting capacity, and interactive design.
6.2.10. Output and Display
There are plenty of options in this feature to display sets, views, formats, and function
plots of the model. It is easy for users to display the deformed geometry based on
combinations of loads and mode animation.
The force diagrams display the internal shear moments, forces, and dislocations at any
locations of a frame element. The option to scroll along the way to display values to the
maximum and minimum value location is provided in SAP2000
The other type is the Virtual Work Diagrams. It can be used to determine the elements
that need to be hardened to get the most efficient control of the structure.
Cost Estimation
Page 55
7.1. Introduction:
Cost estimating is the practice of forecasting the cost of completing a project with a
defined scope. It is the primary element of project cost management, a knowledge area
that involves planning, monitoring, and controlling a project’s monetary costs. An
accurate cost estimate is critical for deciding whether to take on a project, for determining
a project’s eventual scope, and for ensuring that projects remain financially feasible and
avoid cost overruns. In addition, a cost estimate is more than a simple list of costs,
however: it also outlines the assumptions underlying each cost. These assumptions (along
with estimates of cost accuracy) are compiled into a report called the basis of estimate,
which also details cost exclusions and inclusions. The basis of estimate report allows
project stakeholders to interpret project costs and to understand how and where actual
costs might differ from approximated costs.
7.2. Resources (4Ms):
Beyond the broad classifications of costs, project expenses fall into more specific
categories. Common types of expenses include:
1- Labor: The cost of human effort expended towards project objectives.
2- Materials: The cost of resources needed to create products.
3- Equipment: The cost of buying and maintaining equipment used in project

work.
4- Contingency costs: Costs added to the project budget to address specific risks.
7.3. The Factors:
There are factors that the estimator should consider:
1- Quantities of work
2- Productivity, weather and strikes, markup and profit, market conditions and
contingency, etc.
3- Quality of data, which will effect the accuracy of estimation.
4- R.S, which means sell a good quality data to owner, contractor, designer and
consultant.
Professional estimators use defined techniques to create cost estimates that are used to
assess the financial feasibility of projects, to budget for project costs, and to monitor
project spending.
Page 56
7.4. The Techniques:
There are four commonly used techniques for cost estimation that most of professional
estimators use:
1- Expert judgment
2- Analogous estimating
3- Parametric estimating
4- Bottom-up estimating
These four estimation techniques represent a hierarchical structure where analogous

estimating represents the least accurate technique, and bottom-up estimating represents
the most accurate technique.
7.4.1 Expert judgment:
Is used extensively during the generation of cost estimates. Cost estimators have to make
numerous assumptions and judgments about what they think a new product will cost.
However, the use of Expert judgment is often frowned upon, not well accepted or
understood by non-cost estimators within a concurrent engineering environment.
7.4.2 Analogous estimating:
Uses a similar past project to estimate the duration or cost of your current project, thus
the root of the word: analogy. Used when there is limited information regarding your
current project, an analogous estimate is considered “top-down” and is generally not as
accurate as other estimating techniques. Furthermore, because the project manager’s, and
possibly the teams, experience and judgments are applied to the estimating process, it is
considered a combination of historical information and expert judgment.
7.4.3 Parametric estimating:
A more accurate technique for estimating cost and duration uses the relationship between
variables to calculate the cost or duration. However, essentially a parametric estimate is
determined by identifying the unit cost or duration and the number of units required for
the project or activity. The measurement must be scalable in order to be accurate. In
Addition, parametric estimating is more similarly to analogous estimating, parametric
estimation uses historical data to calculate cost estimates.
7.4.4 Bottom-up estimating:
Is a technique that also known as the “definitive technique”. This estimation technique is
the most accurate, time-consuming, and costly technique for estimating the cost of a
Page 57
project. In this technique, the cost of each single activity is determined with the greatest
level of detail at the bottom level and then rolls up to calculate the total project cost.
7.5. Process (Analogous technique):
Step 1: comparing the projects
Page 58
Step 2: Determine the size factor (S.F)
Step 3: Determine the area factor (A.F)
Step 4: Determine the location factor (L.F)
Step 5: Determine the Interest rate (T.F)
Step 6: Determine the Quality factor (Q.F)
Step7: Determine the overhead risk factor
Step 8: Finding the final estimation
Step 1: comparing the projects
We will compare our project with king Salman bridge intersection with Dammam Khobar
highway. The bridge is combined of two bridges oppose to each other connected by an
intersection in the mid distance of those two bridges where both bridges have equal
spans.
Factors/data Original project Our project
Cost (SAR) 82,013,283 SAR Unknown
Area (m²) 8250 2730
Start of construction Finished In 2018 In 2020
Interest Rate (i) 3.72% 3.72%
Location Dammam Dammam
Step 2: Determine the size factor (S.F)
In size factor, we will compare the size factor by using number of lane in the bridge.
Page 59
2
𝑆𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝑆. 𝐹) = = 0.6667
3
Step 3: Determine the area factor (A.F)
In area factor, we will compare the area factor by using area of bridge.
2730
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟(𝐴. 𝐹) = = 0.3309
8250
Step 4: Determine the location factor (L.F)
In location factor, we need to get the cost live in the bridge region, so we need to use
Numbeo” Web-site to find the cost of living between these two regions.
9100
𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = =1
9100
Step 5: Determine the Interest rate (T.F)
To do that, we need to find the market interest rate to determine the future interest rate
that will be used in year 2020.
Where we can determine the marked interest rate using:
i= iʾ + f +( iʾ ) (f)
where:
i: market interest rate
iʾ: real interest rate = 3.72% from (1992-2018)
f: inflation rate = 3.51% from (2012-2016)
therefore, i = 0.0372+0.0351+(0.0372) (0.0351) = 7.36%
Now, we use the market interest rate to determine the future factor. Which we will use
F/P formula to find it:
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F = P(1 + i)^n
Where n= 2020-2018 = 2
F = 1(1 + 0.0736)2 = 1.152
Step 6: Determine the Quality factor (Q.F)
Simple, the quality of our project is 150%
Step7: Determine the overhead risk factor
We assumed that the overhead risk factor will equal 5 Million.
Step 8: Finding the final estimation
Using this formula given below, we can find the cost of the new project
Cost of new project= (Cost of the old project x S.F x A.F x L.F x T.F x Q.F) + overhead
risk
Cost= (78,013,283x0.3309x0.6667x1x1.152x1.5) + 5,000,000
The new cost = 34,739,900.76 SAR
Conclusion
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Although the low tensile strength of reinforced concrete means that it has certain
weaknesses as a construction material, some aspect of its behavior can be improved by
post tensioning the concrete to eliminate cracking, reduce the deflections, increase shear
strength etc. Post tensioning is a technique of introducing stresses of a predetermined
magnitude into a structural member to improve its behavior. Since the behavior of
reinforced concrete can be substantially upgraded by the elimination of cracking, post
tensioning is used to introduce compression into regions where tension stresses will be
created by applied loads.
In conclusion, the main objective of this project was to analyze and design a
simply supported bridge by the use of post-tensioned concrete. As a start, the bridge was
manually designed (Hand Calculations) for the concrete tee girders, following both the
ASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and MOMRA Design Manual. Then, the
SAAP 2000 software was used to complete the design as a whole for the concrete tee
girders that were manually calculated. The foundation system was designed according to
the geotechnical report that was obtained. Moreover, the process of cost estimation was
calculated and done precisely to have an idea of the cost of the project compared to a
steel bridge.
References
Page 62
AMO & Partners Engineering Company, http://www.amo.com.sa/
Civil Engineering. (2015, January 21). What Is a Girder Bridge? Retrieved February 2,
2018, from https://goo.gl/FYYK
Hewson, N. R. (2012). Prestressed concrete bridges: Design and construction. London:
ICE.
State-of-the-art report on high-strength concrete. (1994). Farmington Hills, MI: American
Concrete Institute.
AASHTO: Catalyst for transportation excellence. (2001). Washington, D.C: AASHTO.
MOMRA: Ministry of municipal & Rural Affairs Deputy Ministry for Technical Affairs.
(2013). Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: MOMRA.
Mahmoud, K. M. (2003). Recent Developments in Bridge Engineering. Tokyo: A.A.
Balkema.
Page 63
Appendix A: Sections Extracted

from Ministry of Municipal and
Rural Affairs
LOAD FACTORS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS:
Page 64
Page 65
Page 66
Dead Loads:
Dead load shall include the weight of all components of the structure, appurtenances and
utilities attached thereto, earth cover, wearing surface, future overlays, and planned
widening. In the absence of more precise information, the densities, specified in Table
3.4, may be used for dead loads.
Table 3.4 provides traditional densities. The density of granular materials depends upon
the degree of compaction and water content. The density of concrete is primarily affected
by the density of the aggregate, which varies by geological location and increases with
concrete compressive strength. The density of reinforced concrete is generally taken as
72 kg/m3 greater than the density of plain concrete. The values provided for wood
include the mass of mandatory preservatives. The mass of transit rails, etc., is to be used
only for preliminary design. Densities shown with the units kg/m3 and kg/mm are in
mass units, not force units. To convert to force units of N/m3 multiply by the gravitation
at constant g = 9.8066 m/sec2 and collect the units kgm/sec2 as a Newton.
Page 67
Design Vehicular Live Load
1. General
Vehicular live loading on the roadways of bridges or incidental structures, designated

MOMRA shall consist of a combination of the:
 Design truck or design tandem, and

 Design lane load.
Except as modified in Article 3.6.1.3.1, each design lane under consideration shall be
occupied by either the design truck or tandem, coincident with the lane load, where
applicable. The loads shall be assumed to occupy 3 m transversely within a design lane.
2. Design Truck
The weights and spacing of axles and wheels for the design truck shall be as specified in
Figure 3.1 and dynamic load allowance shall be considered as specified in Article 3.6.2.
Except as specified in Articles 3.6.1.3.1 and 3.6.1.4.1, the spacing between the two 260
kN axles shall be varied between 4.3 and 9 m to produce extreme force effects.
Page 68
Design Tandem:
The design tandem shall consist of a pair of 250 kN axles spaced 1.2 m apart. The
transverse spacing of wheels shall be taken as 1.8 m. A dynamic load allowance shall be
considered as specified in Article 3.6.2.
Design Lane Load:
The design lane load shall consist of a load of 20 kN/m uniformly distributed in the
longitudinal direction. Transversely, the design lane load shall be assumed to be
uniformly distributed over 3m width. The force effects from the design lane load shall not
be subject to a dynamic load allowance.
WIND LOAD:
General:
Pressures specified herein shall be assumed to be caused by a base design wind velocity,
VB, of 160 km/hr. Wind load shall be assumed to be uniformly distributed on the area
exposed to the wind. The exposed area shall be the sum of areas of all components,
including floor system and railing, as seen in elevation taken perpendicular to the
assumed wind direction. This direction shall be varied to determine the extreme force
effect in the structure or in its components. Areas that do not contribute to the extreme
force effect under consideration may be neglected in the analysis. For bridges or parts of
bridges more than 10 m above low ground or water level, the design wind velocity, VDZ,
should be adjusted according to:
𝑉10 𝑍
𝑉𝐷𝑍 = 2.5𝑉0 ( ) ln ( )
𝑉𝐵 𝑍0
V10 may be established from:
 Basic Wind Speed charts available in ASCE 7-88 for various recurrence intervals,
Site-specific wind surveys, and in the absence of better criterion, the assumption
that V10 = VB = 160 km/hr.
Page 69
EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS: EQ
General:
Earthquake loads are given by the product of the elastic seismic response coefficient
Csmand the equivalent weight of the superstructure. The equivalent weight is a function
of the actual weight and bridge configuration and is automatically included in both the
single-mode and multimode methods of analysis specified in Article 4.7.4. Design and
detailing provisions for bridges to minimize their susceptibility to damage from
earthquakes are contained in Section 3, Section 4, Section 5, Section 6, Section 8, and
Section 9. Bridges shall be designed to have a low probability of collapse but may suffer
significant damage and disruption to service when subject to earthquake ground motions
that have a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. Partial or complete replacement
may be required. Higher levels of performance may be used with the authorization of the
bridge owner.
Page 70
Earthquake loads shall be taken to be horizontal force effects determined in accordance

with the provisions of Article 4.7.4 on the basis of the elastic response coefficient, Csm,
specified in Article 3.9.4, and the equivalent weight of the superstructure, and adjusted by
the response modification factor, R, specified in Article 3.9.7.1. The provisions herein
shall apply to bridges of conventional slab, beam girder, box girder, and truss
superstructure construction with spans not exceeding 150 m. For other types of
construction and bridges with spans exceeding 150 m, the Owner shall specify and/or
approve appropriate provisions. Unless otherwise specified by the Owner, these
provisions need not be applied to completely buried structures. Seismic effects for box
culverts and buried structures need not be considered, except where they cross active
faults. The potential for soil liquefaction and slope movements shall be considered. C
These Specifications establish design and detailing provisions for bridges to minimize
their susceptibility to damage from earthquakes. C The design earthquake motions and
forces specified in these provisions are based on a low probability of their being exceeded
during the normal life expectancy of a bridge. Bridges that are designed and detailed in
accordance with the provisions may suffer damage, but should have low probability of
collapse due to seismically induced ground shaking. The principles used for the
development of these Specifications are:
 Small to moderate earthquakes should be resisted within the elastic range of the
structural components without significant damage.
 Realistic seismic ground motion intensities and forces should be used in the
design procedures; and
 Exposure to shaking from large earthquakes should not cause collapse of all or
part of the bridge. Where possible, damage that does occur should be readily
detectable and accessible for inspection and repair.
These Specifications are considered to be "force-based" wherein a bridge is designed

to have adequate strength (capacity) to resist earthquake forces (demands).
Page 71
Seismic Hazard:
The seismic hazard at a bridge site shall be characterized by the acceleration response
spectrum for the site and the site factors for the relevant site class. The acceleration
spectrum shall be determined using either the General Procedure specified in Article
3.9.2.1 or the Site Specific Procedure specified in Article 3.9.2.2.
A Site-Specific Procedure shall be used if any one of the following conditions exists:
 The site is located within 10 kilometers of an active fault,

 The site is classified as Site Class F (Article 3.9.3.1),
 Long-duration earthquakes are expected in the region,
 The importance of the bridge is such that a lower probability of exceedance
(and therefore a longer return period) should be considered. If time histories
of ground acceleration are used to characterize the seismic hazard for the site,
they shall be determined in accordance with Article 4.7.4.3.4.b.
General Procedure
The General Procedure shall use the short and long period spectral acceleration
coefficients (SS and S1 respectively) to calculate the spectrum as specified in Article
3.9.4. Values of SS, S1 shall be determined from either Figure 3.5 to Figure 3.21 as
appropriate, or from region ground motion maps approved by the owner. Linear
interpolation shall be used for sites located between contour lines or between a
contour line and a local maximum or minimum. The effect of site class on the seismic
hazard shall be as specified in Article 3.9.3.
Page 72
Page 73
Page 74
Criteria for Deflection:
In the absence of other criteria, the following deflection limits may be considered for
steel or concrete construction:
 Vehicular load, general Span/800

 Vehicular and/or pedestrian loads Span/1000
 Vehicular load on cantilever arms Span/300
 Vehicular and/or pedestrian loads on cantilever arms Span/375
For steel I-shaped beams and girders, and for steel box and tub girders, the provisions of
Articles 6.10.4.2 and 6.11.4, respectively, regarding the control of permanent deflections
through flange stress controls, shall apply. The following provisions shall apply to
orthotropic plate decks:
 Vehicular load on deck plate Span/300

 Vehicular load on ribs of orthotropic metal decks Span/1000
 Vehicular load on ribs of orthotropic metal decks (extreme relative deflection
between adjacent ribs) 2.5 mm.
Optional Criteria for Span-to-Depth Ratios:
Unless otherwise specified herein, if an Owner chooses to invoke controls on spanto-

depth ratios, the limits in Table 2.1, in which S is the slab span length and L is the bridge
span length, both in mm, may be considered in the absence of other criteria. Where used,
the limits in Table 2.1 shall be taken to apply to overall depth unless noted. For curved
steel girder systems, the span-to-depth ratio, Las/D, of each steel girder should not exceed
25 when the specified minimum yield strength of the girder in regions of positive flexure
is 345 MPa or less, and:
 When the specified minimum yield strength of the girder is 485 MPa or less in
regions of negative flexure, or
 When hybrid sections satisfying the provisions of Article 6.10.1.3 are used in
regions of negative flexure.
Page 75
Page 76
Appendix B: Project Management
Page 77
B.1 Project Plan

Table B.1 Project Plan
Task Assigned Team Members Duration (Weeks)

Setting Objectives All 1
Collecting Data All 4
Literature Review All 2
Feasibility Study All 1
Selecting Structural System All 2
Preliminary Design All 6
Csibridge Modeling All 8
Checking For Adjustments If Any All 2
Check Soil Capacity All 1
Selecting Foundation System All 1
Design Foundation All 2
Preparing Technical Report

All 16
Page 78
B.2 Contribution of Team Members
 Faisal AlDubaikel
 Setting Objectives
 Collecting Data
 Literature review
 Feasibility study
 Selecting Structural system
 Preliminary design
 SAP2000 modeling
 Checking for Adjustments if any
 Check soil capacity
 Selecting foundation system
 Design Foundation
 Preparing Technical Report
 Motaz AlAzeb
 Collecting Data
Page 79
 Faisal Ratrout
 Collecting Data
B.3 Project Execution and Monitoring
 Meeting daily, to talk and continue the tasks that we have to do together
 1 meeting a week with the advisors to assess our performance.
B.4 Challenges and Decision Making
 Selecting an adequate structural system that satisfies all architectural and safety
requirements in addition to keeping feasibility and cost in the reasonable range. In
order to overcome this challenge, we performed several investigations regarding
different structural members. We selected one-way solid slab because this can be
an adequate design for the project due the large slab spans
 Selecting foundation system is also one of the challenges we faced. The required
area of isolated footing was more than fifty percent. We decided to use piled-raft
foundation even though it is costly.
Page 80
Appendix C: Project Analysis
Page 81
C.1 Life-long Learning

 Time Management is an essential key point in our project. We learned how to
divide our project into smaller activities and assign each activity time duration.
 Literature review plays an important role in such projects because you can learn
about previous mistakes that have been done and how to prevent yourself from
doing the same mistakes. Also, literature review can introduce you to a variety of
different resources and connections.
 On such large-scale projects, important decisions are made on daily bases. We
learned that we should include everything related into account, because these
sequences of decisions will build the entire project.
 Organized work will flow smoothly. However, if you don’t follow a well-
organized plan you will mess up sooner or later.
 We had the opportunity to work on computer aided design & engineering
Software such as CSIBridge, SAP2000 and AutoCAD.
 The completion of any inter-disciplinary project depends upon cooperation, co-
ordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge.
C.2 Impact of Engineering Solutions

There are many different approaches to figure out the structural & Foundation systems in
construction. However, every different approach if not well analyzed will be problem-
centered, and huge amount of money will be spent to maintain the problem-centered
structure. In order to overcome such complications engineers came with solutions. We
faced some of the engineering problems where we had to design pier cap with double
reinforced due to the high load carried by the pier cap design.
Page 82
Appendix D: Soil Report
Page 83
Page 84
Page 85
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
Page 91
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
Page 96
Page 97
Page 98
Page 99
Appendix E: SAP2000 Report
Page 100
License #
SAP2000 Analysis Report

Prepared by
Toshiba
Model Name: bridge.SDB
1 May 2018
Page 101
9.5 Model geometry

This section provides model geometry information, including items such as joint coordinates, joint
restraints, and element connectivity.
Figure 1: Finite element model
1.1. Joint coordinates
Table 1: Joint Coordinates, Part 1 of 2

Joint CoordSys CoordType XorR Y Z SpecialJt GlobalX
m m m m
1 GLOBAL Cartesian 25.00000 3.05000 -3.20090 No 25.00000
4 GLOBAL Cartesian 25.00000 -3.05000 -3.20090 No 25.00000
20 GLOBAL Cartesian 5.511E-16 4.50000 -0.18750 No 5.511E-16
Page 102

m m m m
46 GLOBAL Cartesian -6.123E-17 -0.50000 -0.18750 No -6.123E-17
72 GLOBAL Cartesian 4.592E-16 3.75000 -1.97500 Yes 4.592E-16
Page 103

m m m m
84 GLOBAL Cartesian -9.185E-17 -0.75000 -1.97500 Yes -9.185E-17
Page 104

m m m m
Page 105

m m m m
Page 106

m m m m
Page 107

m m m m
Page 108

m m m m
Page 109

m m m m
Page 110

m m m m
Page 111

m m m m
Page 112

m m m m
Page 113

m m m m
Page 114

m m m m
Page 115

m m m m
1469 GLOBAL Cartesian 50.00000 3.75000 -1.97500 Yes 50.00000
1475 GLOBAL Cartesian 50.00000 -0.75000 -1.97500 Yes 50.00000

Joint GlobalY GlobalZ GUID
m m
1 3.05000 -3.20090
4 -3.05000 -3.20090
8 3.05000 -11.20090
11 -3.05000 -11.20090
12 3.05000 -5.86757
13 3.05000 -8.53423
14 -3.05000 -5.86757
15 -3.05000 -8.53423
20 4.50000 -0.18750
21 4.00000 -0.18750
22 4.00000 -0.18750
Page 116

m m
23 4.50000 -0.18750
24 3.75000 -0.18750
25 3.75000 -0.18750
26 3.50000 -0.18750
27 3.50000 -0.18750
28 3.00000 -0.18750
29 3.00000 -0.18750
30 2.50000 -0.18750
31 2.50000 -0.18750
32 2.25000 -0.18750
33 2.25000 -0.18750
34 2.00000 -0.18750
35 2.00000 -0.18750
36 1.50000 -0.18750
37 1.50000 -0.18750
38 1.00000 -0.18750
39 1.00000 -0.18750
40 0.75000 -0.18750
41 0.75000 -0.18750
42 0.50000 -0.18750
43 0.50000 -0.18750
44 0.00000 -0.18750
45 0.00000 -0.18750
46 -0.50000 -0.18750
47 -0.50000 -0.18750
48 -0.75000 -0.18750
49 -0.75000 -0.18750
50 -1.00000 -0.18750
51 -1.00000 -0.18750
52 -1.50000 -0.18750
53 -1.50000 -0.18750
54 -2.00000 -0.18750
55 -2.00000 -0.18750
56 -2.25000 -0.18750
57 -2.25000 -0.18750
58 -2.50000 -0.18750
59 -2.50000 -0.18750
60 -3.00000 -0.18750
61 -3.00000 -0.18750
62 -3.50000 -0.18750
63 -3.50000 -0.18750
64 -3.75000 -0.18750
65 -3.75000 -0.18750
66 -4.00000 -0.18750
67 -4.00000 -0.18750
68 -4.50000 -0.18750
69 -4.50000 -0.18750
70 3.75000 -0.37500
71 3.75000 -0.37500
72 3.75000 -1.97500
73 3.75000 -1.97500
74 2.25000 -0.37500
75 2.25000 -0.37500
76 2.25000 -1.97500
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m m
77 2.25000 -1.97500
78 0.75000 -0.37500
79 0.75000 -0.37500
80 0.75000 -1.97500
81 0.75000 -1.97500
82 -0.75000 -0.37500
83 -0.75000 -0.37500
84 -0.75000 -1.97500
85 -0.75000 -1.97500
86 -2.25000 -0.37500
87 -2.25000 -0.37500
88 -2.25000 -1.97500
89 -2.25000 -1.97500
90 -3.75000 -0.37500
91 -3.75000 -0.37500
92 -3.75000 -1.97500
93 -3.75000 -1.97500
94 3.75000 -2.43840
95 2.25000 -2.43840
96 0.75000 -2.43840
97 -0.75000 -2.43840
98 -2.25000 -2.43840
99 -3.75000 -2.43840
100 3.75000 -1.82880
101 2.25000 -1.82880
102 0.75000 -1.82880
103 -0.75000 -1.82880
104 -2.25000 -1.82880
105 -3.75000 -1.82880
106 4.00000 -0.18750
107 4.50000 -0.18750
108 3.75000 -0.18750
109 3.50000 -0.18750
110 3.00000 -0.18750
111 2.50000 -0.18750
112 2.25000 -0.18750
113 2.00000 -0.18750
114 1.50000 -0.18750
115 1.00000 -0.18750
116 0.75000 -0.18750
117 0.50000 -0.18750
118 0.00000 -0.18750
119 -0.50000 -0.18750
120 -0.75000 -0.18750
121 -1.00000 -0.18750
122 -1.50000 -0.18750
123 -2.00000 -0.18750
124 -2.25000 -0.18750
125 -2.50000 -0.18750
126 -3.00000 -0.18750
127 -3.50000 -0.18750
128 -3.75000 -0.18750
129 -4.00000 -0.18750
130 -4.50000 -0.18750
Page 118

m m
131 3.75000 -0.37500
132 3.75000 -1.97500
133 2.25000 -0.37500
134 2.25000 -1.97500
135 0.75000 -0.37500
136 0.75000 -1.97500
137 -0.75000 -0.37500
138 -0.75000 -1.97500
139 -2.25000 -0.37500
140 -2.25000 -1.97500
141 -3.75000 -0.37500
142 -3.75000 -1.97500
143 4.00000 -0.18750
144 4.50000 -0.18750
145 3.75000 -0.18750
146 3.50000 -0.18750
147 3.00000 -0.18750
148 2.50000 -0.18750
149 2.25000 -0.18750
150 2.00000 -0.18750
151 1.50000 -0.18750
152 1.00000 -0.18750
153 0.75000 -0.18750
154 0.50000 -0.18750
155 0.00000 -0.18750
156 -0.50000 -0.18750
157 -0.75000 -0.18750
158 -1.00000 -0.18750
159 -1.50000 -0.18750
160 -2.00000 -0.18750
161 -2.25000 -0.18750
162 -2.50000 -0.18750
163 -3.00000 -0.18750
164 -3.50000 -0.18750
165 -3.75000 -0.18750
166 -4.00000 -0.18750
167 -4.50000 -0.18750
168 3.75000 -0.37500
169 3.75000 -1.97500
170 2.25000 -0.37500
171 2.25000 -1.97500
172 0.75000 -0.37500
173 0.75000 -1.97500
174 -0.75000 -0.37500
175 -0.75000 -1.97500
176 -2.25000 -0.37500
177 -2.25000 -1.97500
178 -3.75000 -0.37500
179 -3.75000 -1.97500
180 4.00000 -0.18750
181 4.50000 -0.18750
182 3.75000 -0.18750
183 3.50000 -0.18750
184 3.00000 -0.18750
Page 119

m m
185 2.50000 -0.18750
186 2.25000 -0.18750
187 2.00000 -0.18750
188 1.50000 -0.18750
189 1.00000 -0.18750
190 0.75000 -0.18750
191 0.50000 -0.18750
192 0.00000 -0.18750
193 -0.50000 -0.18750
194 -0.75000 -0.18750
195 -1.00000 -0.18750
196 -1.50000 -0.18750
197 -2.00000 -0.18750
198 -2.25000 -0.18750
199 -2.50000 -0.18750
200 -3.00000 -0.18750
201 -3.50000 -0.18750
202 -3.75000 -0.18750
203 -4.00000 -0.18750
204 -4.50000 -0.18750
205 3.75000 -0.37500
206 3.75000 -1.97500
207 2.25000 -0.37500
208 2.25000 -1.97500
209 0.75000 -0.37500
210 0.75000 -1.97500
211 -0.75000 -0.37500
212 -0.75000 -1.97500
213 -2.25000 -0.37500
214 -2.25000 -1.97500
215 -3.75000 -0.37500
216 -3.75000 -1.97500
217 4.00000 -0.18750
218 4.50000 -0.18750
219 3.75000 -0.18750
220 3.50000 -0.18750
221 3.00000 -0.18750
222 2.50000 -0.18750
223 2.25000 -0.18750
224 2.00000 -0.18750
225 1.50000 -0.18750
226 1.00000 -0.18750
227 0.75000 -0.18750
228 0.50000 -0.18750
229 0.00000 -0.18750
230 -0.50000 -0.18750
231 -0.75000 -0.18750
232 -1.00000 -0.18750
233 -1.50000 -0.18750
234 -2.00000 -0.18750
235 -2.25000 -0.18750
236 -2.50000 -0.18750
237 -3.00000 -0.18750
238 -3.50000 -0.18750
Page 120

m m
239 -3.75000 -0.18750
240 -4.00000 -0.18750
241 -4.50000 -0.18750
242 3.75000 -0.37500
243 3.75000 -1.97500
244 2.25000 -0.37500
245 2.25000 -1.97500
246 0.75000 -0.37500
247 0.75000 -1.97500
248 -0.75000 -0.37500
249 -0.75000 -1.97500
250 -2.25000 -0.37500
251 -2.25000 -1.97500
252 -3.75000 -0.37500
253 -3.75000 -1.97500
254 4.00000 -0.18750
255 4.50000 -0.18750
256 3.75000 -0.18750
257 3.50000 -0.18750
258 3.00000 -0.18750
259 2.50000 -0.18750
260 2.25000 -0.18750
261 2.00000 -0.18750
262 1.50000 -0.18750
263 1.00000 -0.18750
264 0.75000 -0.18750
265 0.50000 -0.18750
266 0.00000 -0.18750
267 -0.50000 -0.18750
268 -0.75000 -0.18750
269 -1.00000 -0.18750
270 -1.50000 -0.18750
271 -2.00000 -0.18750
272 -2.25000 -0.18750
273 -2.50000 -0.18750
274 -3.00000 -0.18750
275 -3.50000 -0.18750
276 -3.75000 -0.18750
277 -4.00000 -0.18750
278 -4.50000 -0.18750
279 3.75000 -0.37500
280 3.75000 -1.97500
281 2.25000 -0.37500
282 2.25000 -1.97500
283 0.75000 -0.37500
284 0.75000 -1.97500
285 -0.75000 -0.37500
286 -0.75000 -1.97500
287 -2.25000 -0.37500
288 -2.25000 -1.97500
289 -3.75000 -0.37500
290 -3.75000 -1.97500
291 4.00000 -0.18750
292 4.50000 -0.18750
Page 121

m m
293 3.75000 -0.18750
294 3.50000 -0.18750
295 3.00000 -0.18750
296 2.50000 -0.18750
297 2.25000 -0.18750
298 2.00000 -0.18750
299 1.50000 -0.18750
300 1.00000 -0.18750
301 0.75000 -0.18750
302 0.50000 -0.18750
303 0.00000 -0.18750
304 -0.50000 -0.18750
305 -0.75000 -0.18750
306 -1.00000 -0.18750
307 -1.50000 -0.18750
308 -2.00000 -0.18750
309 -2.25000 -0.18750
310 -2.50000 -0.18750
311 -3.00000 -0.18750
312 -3.50000 -0.18750
313 -3.75000 -0.18750
314 -4.00000 -0.18750
315 -4.50000 -0.18750
316 3.75000 -0.37500
317 3.75000 -1.97500
318 2.25000 -0.37500
319 2.25000 -1.97500
320 0.75000 -0.37500
321 0.75000 -1.97500
322 -0.75000 -0.37500
323 -0.75000 -1.97500
324 -2.25000 -0.37500
325 -2.25000 -1.97500
326 -3.75000 -0.37500
327 -3.75000 -1.97500
328 4.00000 -0.18750
329 4.50000 -0.18750
330 3.75000 -0.18750
331 3.50000 -0.18750
332 3.00000 -0.18750
333 2.50000 -0.18750
334 2.25000 -0.18750
335 2.00000 -0.18750
336 1.50000 -0.18750
337 1.00000 -0.18750
338 0.75000 -0.18750
339 0.50000 -0.18750
340 0.00000 -0.18750
341 -0.50000 -0.18750
342 -0.75000 -0.18750
343 -1.00000 -0.18750
344 -1.50000 -0.18750
345 -2.00000 -0.18750
346 -2.25000 -0.18750
Page 122

m m
347 -2.50000 -0.18750
348 -3.00000 -0.18750
349 -3.50000 -0.18750
350 -3.75000 -0.18750
351 -4.00000 -0.18750
352 -4.50000 -0.18750
353 3.75000 -0.37500
354 3.75000 -1.97500
355 2.25000 -0.37500
356 2.25000 -1.97500
357 0.75000 -0.37500
358 0.75000 -1.97500
359 -0.75000 -0.37500
360 -0.75000 -1.97500
361 -2.25000 -0.37500
362 -2.25000 -1.97500
363 -3.75000 -0.37500
364 -3.75000 -1.97500
365 4.00000 -0.18750
366 4.50000 -0.18750
367 3.75000 -0.18750
368 3.50000 -0.18750
369 3.00000 -0.18750
370 2.50000 -0.18750
371 2.25000 -0.18750
372 2.00000 -0.18750
373 1.50000 -0.18750
374 1.00000 -0.18750
375 0.75000 -0.18750
376 0.50000 -0.18750
377 0.00000 -0.18750
378 -0.50000 -0.18750
379 -0.75000 -0.18750
380 -1.00000 -0.18750
381 -1.50000 -0.18750
382 -2.00000 -0.18750
383 -2.25000 -0.18750
384 -2.50000 -0.18750
385 -3.00000 -0.18750
386 -3.50000 -0.18750
387 -3.75000 -0.18750
388 -4.00000 -0.18750
389 -4.50000 -0.18750
390 3.75000 -0.37500
391 3.75000 -1.97500
392 2.25000 -0.37500
393 2.25000 -1.97500
394 0.75000 -0.37500
395 0.75000 -1.97500
396 -0.75000 -0.37500
397 -0.75000 -1.97500
398 -2.25000 -0.37500
399 -2.25000 -1.97500
400 -3.75000 -0.37500
Page 123

m m
401 -3.75000 -1.97500
402 4.00000 -0.18750
403 4.50000 -0.18750
404 3.75000 -0.18750
405 3.50000 -0.18750
406 3.00000 -0.18750
407 2.50000 -0.18750
408 2.25000 -0.18750
409 2.00000 -0.18750
410 1.50000 -0.18750
411 1.00000 -0.18750
412 0.75000 -0.18750
413 0.50000 -0.18750
414 0.00000 -0.18750
415 -0.50000 -0.18750
416 -0.75000 -0.18750
417 -1.00000 -0.18750
418 -1.50000 -0.18750
419 -2.00000 -0.18750
420 -2.25000 -0.18750
421 -2.50000 -0.18750
422 -3.00000 -0.18750
423 -3.50000 -0.18750
424 -3.75000 -0.18750
425 -4.00000 -0.18750
426 -4.50000 -0.18750
427 3.75000 -0.37500
428 3.75000 -1.97500
429 2.25000 -0.37500
430 2.25000 -1.97500
431 0.75000 -0.37500
432 0.75000 -1.97500
433 -0.75000 -0.37500
434 -0.75000 -1.97500
435 -2.25000 -0.37500
436 -2.25000 -1.97500
437 -3.75000 -0.37500
438 -3.75000 -1.97500
439 4.00000 -0.18750
440 4.50000 -0.18750
441 3.75000 -0.18750
442 3.50000 -0.18750
443 3.00000 -0.18750
444 2.50000 -0.18750
445 2.25000 -0.18750
446 2.00000 -0.18750
447 1.50000 -0.18750
448 1.00000 -0.18750
449 0.75000 -0.18750
450 0.50000 -0.18750
451 0.00000 -0.18750
452 -0.50000 -0.18750
453 -0.75000 -0.18750
454 -1.00000 -0.18750
Page 124

m m
455 -1.50000 -0.18750
456 -2.00000 -0.18750
457 -2.25000 -0.18750
458 -2.50000 -0.18750
459 -3.00000 -0.18750
460 -3.50000 -0.18750
461 -3.75000 -0.18750
462 -4.00000 -0.18750
463 -4.50000 -0.18750
464 3.75000 -0.37500
465 3.75000 -1.97500
466 2.25000 -0.37500
467 2.25000 -1.97500
468 0.75000 -0.37500
469 0.75000 -1.97500
470 -0.75000 -0.37500
471 -0.75000 -1.97500
472 -2.25000 -0.37500
473 -2.25000 -1.97500
474 -3.75000 -0.37500
475 -3.75000 -1.97500
476 4.00000 -0.18750
477 4.50000 -0.18750
478 3.75000 -0.18750
479 3.50000 -0.18750
480 3.00000 -0.18750
481 2.50000 -0.18750
482 2.25000 -0.18750
483 2.00000 -0.18750
484 1.50000 -0.18750
485 1.00000 -0.18750
486 0.75000 -0.18750
487 0.50000 -0.18750
488 0.00000 -0.18750
489 -0.50000 -0.18750
490 -0.75000 -0.18750
491 -1.00000 -0.18750
492 -1.50000 -0.18750
493 -2.00000 -0.18750
494 -2.25000 -0.18750
495 -2.50000 -0.18750
496 -3.00000 -0.18750
497 -3.50000 -0.18750
498 -3.75000 -0.18750
499 -4.00000 -0.18750
500 -4.50000 -0.18750
501 3.75000 -0.37500
502 3.75000 -1.97500
503 2.25000 -0.37500
504 2.25000 -1.97500
505 0.75000 -0.37500
506 0.75000 -1.97500
507 -0.75000 -0.37500
508 -0.75000 -1.97500
Page 125

m m
509 -2.25000 -0.37500
510 -2.25000 -1.97500
511 -3.75000 -0.37500
512 -3.75000 -1.97500
513 4.00000 -0.18750
514 4.50000 -0.18750
515 3.75000 -0.18750
516 3.50000 -0.18750
517 3.00000 -0.18750
518 2.50000 -0.18750
519 2.25000 -0.18750
520 2.00000 -0.18750
521 1.50000 -0.18750
522 1.00000 -0.18750
523 0.75000 -0.18750
524 0.50000 -0.18750
525 0.00000 -0.18750
526 -0.50000 -0.18750
527 -0.75000 -0.18750
528 -1.00000 -0.18750
529 -1.50000 -0.18750
530 -2.00000 -0.18750
531 -2.25000 -0.18750
532 -2.50000 -0.18750
533 -3.00000 -0.18750
534 -3.50000 -0.18750
535 -3.75000 -0.18750
536 -4.00000 -0.18750
537 -4.50000 -0.18750
538 3.75000 -0.37500
539 3.75000 -1.97500
540 2.25000 -0.37500
541 2.25000 -1.97500
542 0.75000 -0.37500
543 0.75000 -1.97500
544 -0.75000 -0.37500
545 -0.75000 -1.97500
546 -2.25000 -0.37500
547 -2.25000 -1.97500
548 -3.75000 -0.37500
549 -3.75000 -1.97500
550 4.00000 -0.18750
551 4.50000 -0.18750
552 3.75000 -0.18750
553 3.50000 -0.18750
554 3.00000 -0.18750
555 2.50000 -0.18750
556 2.25000 -0.18750
557 2.00000 -0.18750
558 1.50000 -0.18750
559 1.00000 -0.18750
560 0.75000 -0.18750
561 0.50000 -0.18750
562 0.00000 -0.18750
Page 126

m m
563 -0.50000 -0.18750
564 -0.75000 -0.18750
565 -1.00000 -0.18750
566 -1.50000 -0.18750
567 -2.00000 -0.18750
568 4.57500 -3.20090
569 -4.57500 -3.20090
570 0.00000 -5.86757
571 0.00000 -3.20090
572 0.00000 -8.53423
573 0.00000 -11.20090
574 -2.25000 -0.18750
575 -2.50000 -0.18750
576 -3.00000 -0.18750
577 -3.50000 -0.18750
578 -3.75000 -0.18750
579 -4.00000 -0.18750
580 -4.50000 -0.18750
581 3.75000 -0.37500
656 3.75000 -1.97500
657 2.25000 -0.37500
658 2.25000 -1.97500
659 0.75000 -0.37500
660 0.75000 -1.97500
661 -0.75000 -0.37500
662 -0.75000 -1.97500
663 -2.25000 -0.37500
664 -2.25000 -1.97500
665 -3.75000 -0.37500
666 -3.75000 -1.97500
667 4.00000 -0.18750
1297 4.50000 -0.18750
1298 3.75000 -0.18750
1299 3.50000 -0.18750
1300 3.00000 -0.18750
1301 2.50000 -0.18750
1302 2.25000 -0.18750
1303 2.00000 -0.18750
1304 1.50000 -0.18750
1305 1.00000 -0.18750
1306 0.75000 -0.18750
1307 0.50000 -0.18750
1308 0.00000 -0.18750
1309 -0.50000 -0.18750
1310 -0.75000 -0.18750
1311 -1.00000 -0.18750
1312 -1.50000 -0.18750
1313 -2.00000 -0.18750
1314 -2.25000 -0.18750
1315 -2.50000 -0.18750
1316 -3.00000 -0.18750
1317 -3.50000 -0.18750
1318 -3.75000 -0.18750
1319 -4.00000 -0.18750
Page 127

m m
1320 -4.50000 -0.18750
1321 3.75000 -0.37500
1322 3.75000 -1.97500
1323 2.25000 -0.37500
1324 2.25000 -1.97500
1325 0.75000 -0.37500
1326 0.75000 -1.97500
1327 -0.75000 -0.37500
1328 -0.75000 -1.97500
1329 -2.25000 -0.37500
1330 -2.25000 -1.97500
1331 -3.75000 -0.37500
1332 -3.75000 -1.97500
1333 4.00000 -0.18750
1334 4.50000 -0.18750
1335 3.75000 -0.18750
1336 3.50000 -0.18750
1337 3.00000 -0.18750
1338 2.50000 -0.18750
1339 2.25000 -0.18750
1340 2.00000 -0.18750
1341 1.50000 -0.18750
1342 1.00000 -0.18750
1343 0.75000 -0.18750
1344 0.50000 -0.18750
1345 0.00000 -0.18750
1346 -0.50000 -0.18750
1347 -0.75000 -0.18750
1348 -1.00000 -0.18750
1349 -1.50000 -0.18750
1350 -2.00000 -0.18750
1351 -2.25000 -0.18750
1352 -2.50000 -0.18750
1353 -3.00000 -0.18750
1354 -3.50000 -0.18750
1355 -3.75000 -0.18750
1356 -4.00000 -0.18750
1393 -4.50000 -0.18750
1394 3.75000 -0.37500
1395 3.75000 -1.97500
1396 2.25000 -0.37500
1397 2.25000 -1.97500
1398 0.75000 -0.37500
1399 0.75000 -1.97500
1400 -0.75000 -0.37500
1401 -0.75000 -1.97500
1402 -2.25000 -0.37500
1403 -2.25000 -1.97500
1404 -3.75000 -0.37500
1405 -3.75000 -1.97500
1406 4.00000 -0.18750
1407 4.50000 -0.18750
1408 3.75000 -0.18750
1409 3.50000 -0.18750
Page 128

m m
1410 3.00000 -0.18750
1411 2.50000 -0.18750
1412 2.25000 -0.18750
1413 2.00000 -0.18750
1414 1.50000 -0.18750
1415 1.00000 -0.18750
1416 0.75000 -0.18750
1417 0.50000 -0.18750
1418 0.00000 -0.18750
1419 -0.50000 -0.18750
1420 -0.75000 -0.18750
1421 -1.00000 -0.18750
1422 -1.50000 -0.18750
1423 -2.00000 -0.18750
1424 -2.25000 -0.18750
1425 -2.50000 -0.18750
1426 -3.00000 -0.18750
1427 -3.50000 -0.18750
1428 -3.75000 -0.18750
1429 -4.00000 -0.18750
1430 -4.50000 -0.18750
1431 3.75000 -0.37500
1432 3.75000 -1.97500
1433 2.25000 -0.37500
1434 2.25000 -1.97500
1435 0.75000 -0.37500
1436 0.75000 -1.97500
1437 -0.75000 -0.37500
1438 -0.75000 -1.97500
1439 -2.25000 -0.37500
1440 -2.25000 -1.97500
1441 -3.75000 -0.37500
1442 -3.75000 -1.97500
1443 4.00000 -0.18750
1444 4.50000 -0.18750
1445 3.75000 -0.18750
1446 3.50000 -0.18750
1447 3.00000 -0.18750
1448 2.50000 -0.18750
1449 2.25000 -0.18750
1450 2.00000 -0.18750
1451 1.50000 -0.18750
1452 1.00000 -0.18750
1453 0.75000 -0.18750
1454 0.50000 -0.18750
1455 0.00000 -0.18750
1456 -0.50000 -0.18750
1457 -0.75000 -0.18750
1458 -1.00000 -0.18750
1459 -1.50000 -0.18750
1460 -2.00000 -0.18750
1461 -2.25000 -0.18750
1462 -2.50000 -0.18750
1463 -3.00000 -0.18750
Page 129

m m
1464 -3.50000 -0.18750
1465 -3.75000 -0.18750
1466 -4.00000 -0.18750
1467 -4.50000 -0.18750
1468 3.75000 -0.37500
1469 3.75000 -1.97500
1470 2.25000 -0.37500
1471 2.25000 -1.97500
1472 0.75000 -0.37500
1473 0.75000 -1.97500
1474 -0.75000 -0.37500
1475 -0.75000 -1.97500
1476 -2.25000 -0.37500
1477 -2.25000 -1.97500
1478 -3.75000 -0.37500
1479 -3.75000 -1.97500
1480 3.75000 -2.43840
1481 2.25000 -2.43840
1482 0.75000 -2.43840
1483 -0.75000 -2.43840
1484 -2.25000 -2.43840
1485 -3.75000 -2.43840
1486 3.75000 -1.82880
1487 2.25000 -1.82880
1488 0.75000 -1.82880
1489 -0.75000 -1.82880
1490 -2.25000 -1.82880
1491 -3.75000 -1.82880
1492 3.75000 -3.20090
1493 3.75000 -1.82880
1494 2.25000 -3.20090
1495 2.25000 -1.82880
1496 0.75000 -3.20090
1497 0.75000 -1.82880
1498 -0.75000 -3.20090
1499 -0.75000 -1.82880
1500 -2.25000 -3.20090
1501 -2.25000 -1.82880
1502 -3.75000 -3.20090
1503 -3.75000 -1.82880
1.2. Joint restraints
Table 2: Joint Restraint Assignments

Table 2: Joint Restraint Assignments
Joint U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3
8 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Page 130
1.3. Element connectivity
Table 3: Connectivity - Frame, Part 1 of 2

Frame JointI JointJ IsCurved Length CentroidX CentroidY CentroidZ
m m m m
2 570 571 No 2.66667 25.00000 0.00000 -4.53423
3 572 570 No 2.66667 25.00000 0.00000 -7.20090
4 573 572 No 2.66667 25.00000 0.00000 -9.86757
25 1 12 No 2.66667 25.00000 3.05000 -4.53423
26 12 13 No 2.66667 25.00000 3.05000 -7.20090
27 13 8 No 2.66667 25.00000 3.05000 -9.86757
28 4 14 No 2.66667 25.00000 -3.05000 -4.53423
29 14 15 No 2.66667 25.00000 -3.05000 -7.20090
30 15 11 No 2.66667 25.00000 -3.05000 -9.86757
31 568 569 No 9.15000 25.00000 0.00000 -3.20090

Frame GUID
2
3
4
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Table 4: Frame Section Assignments

Table 4: Frame Section Assignments
Frame SectionType AutoSelect AnalSect DesignSect MatProp
2 Circle N.A. COL N.A. Default

31 Rectangular N.A. FSEC1 N.A. Default
Page 131
Table 5: Connectivity - Area, Part 1 of 2

Area NumJoints Joint1 Joint2 Joint3 Joint4 Perimeter AreaArea
m m2
2 4 20 21 22 23 6.555556 1.388889
3 4 21 24 25 22 6.055556 0.694444
4 4 24 26 27 25 6.055556 0.694444
5 4 26 28 29 27 6.555556 1.388889
6 4 28 30 31 29 6.555556 1.388889
7 4 30 32 33 31 6.055556 0.694444
8 4 32 34 35 33 6.055556 0.694444
9 4 34 36 37 35 6.555556 1.388889
10 4 36 38 39 37 6.555556 1.388889
11 4 38 40 41 39 6.055556 0.694444
12 4 40 42 43 41 6.055556 0.694444
13 4 42 44 45 43 6.555556 1.388889
14 4 44 46 47 45 6.555556 1.388889
15 4 46 48 49 47 6.055556 0.694444
16 4 48 50 51 49 6.055556 0.694444
17 4 50 52 53 51 6.555556 1.388889
18 4 52 54 55 53 6.555556 1.388889
19 4 54 56 57 55 6.055556 0.694444
20 4 56 58 59 57 6.055556 0.694444
21 4 58 60 61 59 6.555556 1.388889
22 4 60 62 63 61 6.555556 1.388889
23 4 62 64 65 63 6.055556 0.694444
24 4 64 66 67 65 6.055556 0.694444
25 4 66 68 69 67 6.555556 1.388889
26 4 24 70 71 25 5.930556 0.520833
27 4 70 72 73 71 8.755556 4.444444
29 4 32 74 75 33 5.930556 0.520833
30 4 74 76 77 75 8.755556 4.444444
32 4 40 78 79 41 5.930556 0.520833
33 4 78 80 81 79 8.755556 4.444444
35 4 48 82 83 49 5.930556 0.520833
36 4 82 84 85 83 8.755556 4.444444
38 4 56 86 87 57 5.930556 0.520833
39 4 86 88 89 87 8.755556 4.444444
41 4 64 90 91 65 5.930556 0.520833
42 4 90 92 93 91 8.755556 4.444444
44 4 23 22 106 107 6.555556 1.388889
45 4 22 25 108 106 6.055556 0.694444
46 4 25 27 109 108 6.055556 0.694444
47 4 27 29 110 109 6.555556 1.388889
48 4 29 31 111 110 6.555556 1.388889
49 4 31 33 112 111 6.055556 0.694444
50 4 33 35 113 112 6.055556 0.694444
51 4 35 37 114 113 6.555556 1.388889
52 4 37 39 115 114 6.555556 1.388889
53 4 39 41 116 115 6.055556 0.694444
54 4 41 43 117 116 6.055556 0.694444
55 4 43 45 118 117 6.555556 1.388889
56 4 45 47 119 118 6.555556 1.388889
57 4 47 49 120 119 6.055556 0.694444
58 4 49 51 121 120 6.055556 0.694444
Page 132

m m2
59 4 51 53 122 121 6.555556 1.388889
60 4 53 55 123 122 6.555556 1.388889
61 4 55 57 124 123 6.055556 0.694444
62 4 57 59 125 124 6.055556 0.694444
63 4 59 61 126 125 6.555556 1.388889
64 4 61 63 127 126 6.555556 1.388889
65 4 63 65 128 127 6.055556 0.694444
66 4 65 67 129 128 6.055556 0.694444
67 4 67 69 130 129 6.555556 1.388889
68 4 25 71 131 108 5.930556 0.520833
69 4 71 73 132 131 8.755556 4.444444
71 4 33 75 133 112 5.930556 0.520833
72 4 75 77 134 133 8.755556 4.444444
74 4 41 79 135 116 5.930556 0.520833
75 4 79 81 136 135 8.755556 4.444444
77 4 49 83 137 120 5.930556 0.520833
78 4 83 85 138 137 8.755556 4.444444
80 4 57 87 139 124 5.930556 0.520833
81 4 87 89 140 139 8.755556 4.444444
83 4 65 91 141 128 5.930556 0.520833
84 4 91 93 142 141 8.755556 4.444444
86 4 107 106 143 144 6.555556 1.388889
87 4 106 108 145 143 6.055556 0.694444
88 4 108 109 146 145 6.055556 0.694444
89 4 109 110 147 146 6.555556 1.388889
90 4 110 111 148 147 6.555556 1.388889
91 4 111 112 149 148 6.055556 0.694444
92 4 112 113 150 149 6.055556 0.694444
93 4 113 114 151 150 6.555556 1.388889
94 4 114 115 152 151 6.555556 1.388889
95 4 115 116 153 152 6.055556 0.694444
96 4 116 117 154 153 6.055556 0.694444
97 4 117 118 155 154 6.555556 1.388889
98 4 118 119 156 155 6.555556 1.388889
99 4 119 120 157 156 6.055556 0.694444
100 4 120 121 158 157 6.055556 0.694444
101 4 121 122 159 158 6.555556 1.388889
102 4 122 123 160 159 6.555556 1.388889
103 4 123 124 161 160 6.055556 0.694444
104 4 124 125 162 161 6.055556 0.694444
105 4 125 126 163 162 6.555556 1.388889
106 4 126 127 164 163 6.555556 1.388889
107 4 127 128 165 164 6.055556 0.694444
108 4 128 129 166 165 6.055556 0.694444
109 4 129 130 167 166 6.555556 1.388889
110 4 108 131 168 145 5.930556 0.520833
111 4 131 132 169 168 8.755556 4.444444
113 4 112 133 170 149 5.930556 0.520833
114 4 133 134 171 170 8.755556 4.444444
116 4 116 135 172 153 5.930556 0.520833
117 4 135 136 173 172 8.755556 4.444444
119 4 120 137 174 157 5.930556 0.520833
120 4 137 138 175 174 8.755556 4.444444
122 4 124 139 176 161 5.930556 0.520833
Page 133

m m2
123 4 139 140 177 176 8.755556 4.444444
125 4 128 141 178 165 5.930556 0.520833
126 4 141 142 179 178 8.755556 4.444444
128 4 144 143 180 181 6.555556 1.388889
129 4 143 145 182 180 6.055556 0.694444
130 4 145 146 183 182 6.055556 0.694444
131 4 146 147 184 183 6.555556 1.388889
132 4 147 148 185 184 6.555556 1.388889
133 4 148 149 186 185 6.055556 0.694444
134 4 149 150 187 186 6.055556 0.694444
135 4 150 151 188 187 6.555556 1.388889
136 4 151 152 189 188 6.555556 1.388889
137 4 152 153 190 189 6.055556 0.694444
138 4 153 154 191 190 6.055556 0.694444
139 4 154 155 192 191 6.555556 1.388889
140 4 155 156 193 192 6.555556 1.388889
141 4 156 157 194 193 6.055556 0.694444
142 4 157 158 195 194 6.055556 0.694444
143 4 158 159 196 195 6.555556 1.388889
144 4 159 160 197 196 6.555556 1.388889
145 4 160 161 198 197 6.055556 0.694444
146 4 161 162 199 198 6.055556 0.694444
147 4 162 163 200 199 6.555556 1.388889
148 4 163 164 201 200 6.555556 1.388889
149 4 164 165 202 201 6.055556 0.694444
150 4 165 166 203 202 6.055556 0.694444
151 4 166 167 204 203 6.555556 1.388889
152 4 145 168 205 182 5.930556 0.520833
153 4 168 169 206 205 8.755556 4.444444
155 4 149 170 207 186 5.930556 0.520833
156 4 170 171 208 207 8.755556 4.444444
158 4 153 172 209 190 5.930556 0.520833
159 4 172 173 210 209 8.755556 4.444444
161 4 157 174 211 194 5.930556 0.520833
162 4 174 175 212 211 8.755556 4.444444
164 4 161 176 213 198 5.930556 0.520833
165 4 176 177 214 213 8.755556 4.444444
167 4 165 178 215 202 5.930556 0.520833
168 4 178 179 216 215 8.755556 4.444444
170 4 181 180 217 218 6.555556 1.388889
171 4 180 182 219 217 6.055556 0.694444
172 4 182 183 220 219 6.055556 0.694444
173 4 183 184 221 220 6.555556 1.388889
174 4 184 185 222 221 6.555556 1.388889
175 4 185 186 223 222 6.055556 0.694444
176 4 186 187 224 223 6.055556 0.694444
177 4 187 188 225 224 6.555556 1.388889
178 4 188 189 226 225 6.555556 1.388889
179 4 189 190 227 226 6.055556 0.694444
180 4 190 191 228 227 6.055556 0.694444
181 4 191 192 229 228 6.555556 1.388889
182 4 192 193 230 229 6.555556 1.388889
183 4 193 194 231 230 6.055556 0.694444
184 4 194 195 232 231 6.055556 0.694444
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m m2
185 4 195 196 233 232 6.555556 1.388889
186 4 196 197 234 233 6.555556 1.388889
187 4 197 198 235 234 6.055556 0.694444
188 4 198 199 236 235 6.055556 0.694444
189 4 199 200 237 236 6.555556 1.388889
190 4 200 201 238 237 6.555556 1.388889
191 4 201 202 239 238 6.055556 0.694444
192 4 202 203 240 239 6.055556 0.694444
193 4 203 204 241 240 6.555556 1.388889
194 4 182 205 242 219 5.930556 0.520833
195 4 205 206 243 242 8.755556 4.444444
197 4 186 207 244 223 5.930556 0.520833
198 4 207 208 245 244 8.755556 4.444444
200 4 190 209 246 227 5.930556 0.520833
201 4 209 210 247 246 8.755556 4.444444
203 4 194 211 248 231 5.930556 0.520833
204 4 211 212 249 248 8.755556 4.444444
206 4 198 213 250 235 5.930556 0.520833
207 4 213 214 251 250 8.755556 4.444444
209 4 202 215 252 239 5.930556 0.520833
210 4 215 216 253 252 8.755556 4.444444
212 4 218 217 254 255 6.555556 1.388889
213 4 217 219 256 254 6.055556 0.694444
214 4 219 220 257 256 6.055556 0.694444
215 4 220 221 258 257 6.555556 1.388889
216 4 221 222 259 258 6.555556 1.388889
217 4 222 223 260 259 6.055556 0.694444
218 4 223 224 261 260 6.055556 0.694444
219 4 224 225 262 261 6.555556 1.388889
220 4 225 226 263 262 6.555556 1.388889
221 4 226 227 264 263 6.055556 0.694444
222 4 227 228 265 264 6.055556 0.694444
223 4 228 229 266 265 6.555556 1.388889
224 4 229 230 267 266 6.555556 1.388889
225 4 230 231 268 267 6.055556 0.694444
226 4 231 232 269 268 6.055556 0.694444
227 4 232 233 270 269 6.555556 1.388889
228 4 233 234 271 270 6.555556 1.388889
229 4 234 235 272 271 6.055556 0.694444
230 4 235 236 273 272 6.055556 0.694444
231 4 236 237 274 273 6.555556 1.388889
232 4 237 238 275 274 6.555556 1.388889
233 4 238 239 276 275 6.055556 0.694444
234 4 239 240 277 276 6.055556 0.694444
235 4 240 241 278 277 6.555556 1.388889
236 4 219 242 279 256 5.930556 0.520833
237 4 242 243 280 279 8.755556 4.444444
239 4 223 244 281 260 5.930556 0.520833
240 4 244 245 282 281 8.755556 4.444444
242 4 227 246 283 264 5.930556 0.520833
243 4 246 247 284 283 8.755556 4.444444
245 4 231 248 285 268 5.930556 0.520833
246 4 248 249 286 285 8.755556 4.444444
248 4 235 250 287 272 5.930556 0.520833
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m m2
249 4 250 251 288 287 8.755556 4.444444
251 4 239 252 289 276 5.930556 0.520833
252 4 252 253 290 289 8.755556 4.444444
254 4 255 254 291 292 6.555556 1.388889
255 4 254 256 293 291 6.055556 0.694444
256 4 256 257 294 293 6.055556 0.694444
257 4 257 258 295 294 6.555556 1.388889
258 4 258 259 296 295 6.555556 1.388889
259 4 259 260 297 296 6.055556 0.694444
260 4 260 261 298 297 6.055556 0.694444
261 4 261 262 299 298 6.555556 1.388889
262 4 262 263 300 299 6.555556 1.388889
263 4 263 264 301 300 6.055556 0.694444
264 4 264 265 302 301 6.055556 0.694444
265 4 265 266 303 302 6.555556 1.388889
266 4 266 267 304 303 6.555556 1.388889
267 4 267 268 305 304 6.055556 0.694444
268 4 268 269 306 305 6.055556 0.694444
269 4 269 270 307 306 6.555556 1.388889
270 4 270 271 308 307 6.555556 1.388889
271 4 271 272 309 308 6.055556 0.694444
272 4 272 273 310 309 6.055556 0.694444
273 4 273 274 311 310 6.555556 1.388889
274 4 274 275 312 311 6.555556 1.388889
275 4 275 276 313 312 6.055556 0.694444
276 4 276 277 314 313 6.055556 0.694444
277 4 277 278 315 314 6.555556 1.388889
278 4 256 279 316 293 5.930556 0.520833
279 4 279 280 317 316 8.755556 4.444444
281 4 260 281 318 297 5.930556 0.520833
282 4 281 282 319 318 8.755556 4.444444
284 4 264 283 320 301 5.930556 0.520833
285 4 283 284 321 320 8.755556 4.444444
287 4 268 285 322 305 5.930556 0.520833
288 4 285 286 323 322 8.755556 4.444444
290 4 272 287 324 309 5.930556 0.520833
291 4 287 288 325 324 8.755556 4.444444
293 4 276 289 326 313 5.930556 0.520833
294 4 289 290 327 326 8.755556 4.444444
296 4 292 291 328 329 6.555556 1.388889
297 4 291 293 330 328 6.055556 0.694444
298 4 293 294 331 330 6.055556 0.694444
299 4 294 295 332 331 6.555556 1.388889
300 4 295 296 333 332 6.555556 1.388889
301 4 296 297 334 333 6.055556 0.694444
302 4 297 298 335 334 6.055556 0.694444
303 4 298 299 336 335 6.555556 1.388889
304 4 299 300 337 336 6.555556 1.388889
305 4 300 301 338 337 6.055556 0.694444
306 4 301 302 339 338 6.055556 0.694444
307 4 302 303 340 339 6.555556 1.388889
308 4 303 304 341 340 6.555556 1.388889
309 4 304 305 342 341 6.055556 0.694444
310 4 305 306 343 342 6.055556 0.694444
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m m2
311 4 306 307 344 343 6.555556 1.388889
312 4 307 308 345 344 6.555556 1.388889
313 4 308 309 346 345 6.055556 0.694444
314 4 309 310 347 346 6.055556 0.694444
315 4 310 311 348 347 6.555556 1.388889
316 4 311 312 349 348 6.555556 1.388889
317 4 312 313 350 349 6.055556 0.694444
318 4 313 314 351 350 6.055556 0.694444
319 4 314 315 352 351 6.555556 1.388889
320 4 293 316 353 330 5.930556 0.520833
321 4 316 317 354 353 8.755556 4.444444
323 4 297 318 355 334 5.930556 0.520833
324 4 318 319 356 355 8.755556 4.444444
326 4 301 320 357 338 5.930556 0.520833
327 4 320 321 358 357 8.755556 4.444444
329 4 305 322 359 342 5.930556 0.520833
330 4 322 323 360 359 8.755556 4.444444
332 4 309 324 361 346 5.930556 0.520833
333 4 324 325 362 361 8.755556 4.444444
335 4 313 326 363 350 5.930556 0.520833
336 4 326 327 364 363 8.755556 4.444444
338 4 329 328 365 366 6.555556 1.388889
339 4 328 330 367 365 6.055556 0.694444
340 4 330 331 368 367 6.055556 0.694444
341 4 331 332 369 368 6.555556 1.388889
342 4 332 333 370 369 6.555556 1.388889
343 4 333 334 371 370 6.055556 0.694444
344 4 334 335 372 371 6.055556 0.694444
345 4 335 336 373 372 6.555556 1.388889
346 4 336 337 374 373 6.555556 1.388889
347 4 337 338 375 374 6.055556 0.694444
348 4 338 339 376 375 6.055556 0.694444
349 4 339 340 377 376 6.555556 1.388889
350 4 340 341 378 377 6.555556 1.388889
351 4 341 342 379 378 6.055556 0.694444
352 4 342 343 380 379 6.055556 0.694444
353 4 343 344 381 380 6.555556 1.388889
354 4 344 345 382 381 6.555556 1.388889
355 4 345 346 383 382 6.055556 0.694444
356 4 346 347 384 383 6.055556 0.694444
357 4 347 348 385 384 6.555556 1.388889
358 4 348 349 386 385 6.555556 1.388889
359 4 349 350 387 386 6.055556 0.694444
360 4 350 351 388 387 6.055556 0.694444
361 4 351 352 389 388 6.555556 1.388889
362 4 330 353 390 367 5.930556 0.520833
363 4 353 354 391 390 8.755556 4.444444
365 4 334 355 392 371 5.930556 0.520833
366 4 355 356 393 392 8.755556 4.444444
368 4 338 357 394 375 5.930556 0.520833
369 4 357 358 395 394 8.755556 4.444444
371 4 342 359 396 379 5.930556 0.520833
372 4 359 360 397 396 8.755556 4.444444
374 4 346 361 398 383 5.930556 0.520833
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m m2
375 4 361 362 399 398 8.755556 4.444444
377 4 350 363 400 387 5.930556 0.520833
378 4 363 364 401 400 8.755556 4.444444
380 4 366 365 402 403 6.555556 1.388889
381 4 365 367 404 402 6.055556 0.694444
382 4 367 368 405 404 6.055556 0.694444
383 4 368 369 406 405 6.555556 1.388889
384 4 369 370 407 406 6.555556 1.388889
385 4 370 371 408 407 6.055556 0.694444
386 4 371 372 409 408 6.055556 0.694444
387 4 372 373 410 409 6.555556 1.388889
388 4 373 374 411 410 6.555556 1.388889
389 4 374 375 412 411 6.055556 0.694444
390 4 375 376 413 412 6.055556 0.694444
391 4 376 377 414 413 6.555556 1.388889
392 4 377 378 415 414 6.555556 1.388889
393 4 378 379 416 415 6.055556 0.694444
394 4 379 380 417 416 6.055556 0.694444
395 4 380 381 418 417 6.555556 1.388889
396 4 381 382 419 418 6.555556 1.388889
397 4 382 383 420 419 6.055556 0.694444
398 4 383 384 421 420 6.055556 0.694444
399 4 384 385 422 421 6.555556 1.388889
400 4 385 386 423 422 6.555556 1.388889
401 4 386 387 424 423 6.055556 0.694444
402 4 387 388 425 424 6.055556 0.694444
403 4 388 389 426 425 6.555556 1.388889
404 4 367 390 427 404 5.930556 0.520833
405 4 390 391 428 427 8.755556 4.444444
407 4 371 392 429 408 5.930556 0.520833
408 4 392 393 430 429 8.755556 4.444444
410 4 375 394 431 412 5.930556 0.520833
411 4 394 395 432 431 8.755556 4.444444
413 4 379 396 433 416 5.930556 0.520833
414 4 396 397 434 433 8.755556 4.444444
416 4 383 398 435 420 5.930556 0.520833
417 4 398 399 436 435 8.755556 4.444444
419 4 387 400 437 424 5.930556 0.520833
420 4 400 401 438 437 8.755556 4.444444
422 4 403 402 439 440 6.555556 1.388889
423 4 402 404 441 439 6.055556 0.694444
424 4 404 405 442 441 6.055556 0.694444
425 4 405 406 443 442 6.555556 1.388889
426 4 406 407 444 443 6.555556 1.388889
427 4 407 408 445 444 6.055556 0.694444
428 4 408 409 446 445 6.055556 0.694444
429 4 409 410 447 446 6.555556 1.388889
430 4 410 411 448 447 6.555556 1.388889
431 4 411 412 449 448 6.055556 0.694444
432 4 412 413 450 449 6.055556 0.694444
433 4 413 414 451 450 6.555556 1.388889
434 4 414 415 452 451 6.555556 1.388889
435 4 415 416 453 452 6.055556 0.694444
436 4 416 417 454 453 6.055556 0.694444
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m m2
437 4 417 418 455 454 6.555556 1.388889
438 4 418 419 456 455 6.555556 1.388889
439 4 419 420 457 456 6.055556 0.694444
440 4 420 421 458 457 6.055556 0.694444
441 4 421 422 459 458 6.555556 1.388889
442 4 422 423 460 459 6.555556 1.388889
443 4 423 424 461 460 6.055556 0.694444
444 4 424 425 462 461 6.055556 0.694444
445 4 425 426 463 462 6.555556 1.388889
446 4 404 427 464 441 5.930556 0.520833
447 4 427 428 465 464 8.755556 4.444444
449 4 408 429 466 445 5.930556 0.520833
450 4 429 430 467 466 8.755556 4.444444
452 4 412 431 468 449 5.930556 0.520833
453 4 431 432 469 468 8.755556 4.444444
455 4 416 433 470 453 5.930556 0.520833
456 4 433 434 471 470 8.755556 4.444444
458 4 420 435 472 457 5.930556 0.520833
459 4 435 436 473 472 8.755556 4.444444
461 4 424 437 474 461 5.930556 0.520833
462 4 437 438 475 474 8.755556 4.444444
464 4 440 439 476 477 6.555556 1.388889
465 4 439 441 478 476 6.055556 0.694444
466 4 441 442 479 478 6.055556 0.694444
467 4 442 443 480 479 6.555556 1.388889
468 4 443 444 481 480 6.555556 1.388889
469 4 444 445 482 481 6.055556 0.694444
470 4 445 446 483 482 6.055556 0.694444
471 4 446 447 484 483 6.555556 1.388889
472 4 447 448 485 484 6.555556 1.388889
473 4 448 449 486 485 6.055556 0.694444
474 4 449 450 487 486 6.055556 0.694444
475 4 450 451 488 487 6.555556 1.388889
476 4 451 452 489 488 6.555556 1.388889
477 4 452 453 490 489 6.055556 0.694444
478 4 453 454 491 490 6.055556 0.694444
479 4 454 455 492 491 6.555556 1.388889
480 4 455 456 493 492 6.555556 1.388889
481 4 456 457 494 493 6.055556 0.694444
482 4 457 458 495 494 6.055556 0.694444
483 4 458 459 496 495 6.555556 1.388889
484 4 459 460 497 496 6.555556 1.388889
485 4 460 461 498 497 6.055556 0.694444
486 4 461 462 499 498 6.055556 0.694444
487 4 462 463 500 499 6.555556 1.388889
488 4 441 464 501 478 5.930556 0.520833
489 4 464 465 502 501 8.755556 4.444444
491 4 445 466 503 482 5.930556 0.520833
492 4 466 467 504 503 8.755556 4.444444
494 4 449 468 505 486 5.930556 0.520833
495 4 468 469 506 505 8.755556 4.444444
497 4 453 470 507 490 5.930556 0.520833
498 4 470 471 508 507 8.755556 4.444444
500 4 457 472 509 494 5.930556 0.520833
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m m2
501 4 472 473 510 509 8.755556 4.444444
503 4 461 474 511 498 5.930556 0.520833
504 4 474 475 512 511 8.755556 4.444444
534 4 477 476 513 514 6.555556 1.388889
537 4 476 478 515 513 6.055556 0.694444
540 4 478 479 516 515 6.055556 0.694444
543 4 479 480 517 516 6.555556 1.388889
546 4 480 481 518 517 6.555556 1.388889
573 4 481 482 519 518 6.055556 0.694444
576 4 482 483 520 519 6.055556 0.694444
579 4 483 484 521 520 6.555556 1.388889
582 4 484 485 522 521 6.555556 1.388889
585 4 485 486 523 522 6.055556 0.694444
588 4 486 487 524 523 6.055556 0.694444
615 4 487 488 525 524 6.555556 1.388889
618 4 488 489 526 525 6.555556 1.388889
621 4 489 490 527 526 6.055556 0.694444
624 4 490 491 528 527 6.055556 0.694444
627 4 491 492 529 528 6.555556 1.388889
630 4 492 493 530 529 6.555556 1.388889
657 4 493 494 531 530 6.055556 0.694444
660 4 494 495 532 531 6.055556 0.694444
663 4 495 496 533 532 6.555556 1.388889
666 4 496 497 534 533 6.555556 1.388889
669 4 497 498 535 534 6.055556 0.694444
672 4 498 499 536 535 6.055556 0.694444
699 4 499 500 537 536 6.555556 1.388889
702 4 478 501 538 515 5.930556 0.520833
705 4 501 502 539 538 8.755556 4.444444
711 4 482 503 540 519 5.930556 0.520833
714 4 503 504 541 540 8.755556 4.444444
744 4 486 505 542 523 5.930556 0.520833
747 4 505 506 543 542 8.755556 4.444444
753 4 490 507 544 527 5.930556 0.520833
756 4 507 508 545 544 8.755556 4.444444
786 4 494 509 546 531 5.930556 0.520833
789 4 509 510 547 546 8.755556 4.444444
795 4 498 511 548 535 5.930556 0.520833
798 4 511 512 549 548 8.755556 4.444444
828 4 514 513 550 551 6.555556 1.388889
831 4 513 515 552 550 6.055556 0.694444
834 4 515 516 553 552 6.055556 0.694444
837 4 516 517 554 553 6.555556 1.388889
840 4 517 518 555 554 6.555556 1.388889
867 4 518 519 556 555 6.055556 0.694444
870 4 519 520 557 556 6.055556 0.694444
873 4 520 521 558 557 6.555556 1.388889
876 4 521 522 559 558 6.555556 1.388889
879 4 522 523 560 559 6.055556 0.694444
882 4 523 524 561 560 6.055556 0.694444
909 4 524 525 562 561 6.555556 1.388889
912 4 525 526 563 562 6.555556 1.388889
915 4 526 527 564 563 6.055556 0.694444
918 4 527 528 565 564 6.055556 0.694444
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m m2
921 4 528 529 566 565 6.555556 1.388889
924 4 529 530 567 566 6.555556 1.388889
951 4 530 531 574 567 6.055556 0.694444
954 4 531 532 575 574 6.055556 0.694444
957 4 532 533 576 575 6.555556 1.388889
960 4 533 534 577 576 6.555556 1.388889
963 4 534 535 578 577 6.055556 0.694444
966 4 535 536 579 578 6.055556 0.694444
993 4 536 537 580 579 6.555556 1.388889
996 4 515 538 581 552 5.930556 0.520833
999 4 538 539 656 581 8.755556 4.444444
1005 4 519 540 657 556 5.930556 0.520833
1008 4 540 541 658 657 8.755556 4.444444
1038 4 523 542 659 560 5.930556 0.520833
1041 4 542 543 660 659 8.755556 4.444444
1047 4 527 544 661 564 5.930556 0.520833
1050 4 544 545 662 661 8.755556 4.444444
1080 4 531 546 663 574 5.930556 0.520833
1083 4 546 547 664 663 8.755556 4.444444
1089 4 535 548 665 578 5.930556 0.520833
1092 4 548 549 666 665 8.755556 4.444444
1122 4 551 550 667 1297 6.555556 1.388889
1125 4 550 552 1298 667 6.055556 0.694444
1128 4 552 553 1299 1298 6.055556 0.694444
1131 4 553 554 1300 1299 6.555556 1.388889
1134 4 554 555 1301 1300 6.555556 1.388889
1161 4 555 556 1302 1301 6.055556 0.694444
1164 4 556 557 1303 1302 6.055556 0.694444
1167 4 557 558 1304 1303 6.555556 1.388889
1170 4 558 559 1305 1304 6.555556 1.388889
1173 4 559 560 1306 1305 6.055556 0.694444
1176 4 560 561 1307 1306 6.055556 0.694444
1203 4 561 562 1308 1307 6.555556 1.388889
1206 4 562 563 1309 1308 6.555556 1.388889
1209 4 563 564 1310 1309 6.055556 0.694444
1212 4 564 565 1311 1310 6.055556 0.694444
1215 4 565 566 1312 1311 6.555556 1.388889
1218 4 566 567 1313 1312 6.555556 1.388889
1245 4 567 574 1314 1313 6.055556 0.694444
1248 4 574 575 1315 1314 6.055556 0.694444
1251 4 575 576 1316 1315 6.555556 1.388889
1254 4 576 577 1317 1316 6.555556 1.388889
1257 4 577 578 1318 1317 6.055556 0.694444
1260 4 578 579 1319 1318 6.055556 0.694444
1261 4 579 580 1320 1319 6.555556 1.388889
1262 4 552 581 1321 1298 5.930556 0.520833
1263 4 581 656 1322 1321 8.755556 4.444444
1265 4 556 657 1323 1302 5.930556 0.520833
1266 4 657 658 1324 1323 8.755556 4.444444
1268 4 560 659 1325 1306 5.930556 0.520833
1269 4 659 660 1326 1325 8.755556 4.444444
1271 4 564 661 1327 1310 5.930556 0.520833
1272 4 661 662 1328 1327 8.755556 4.444444
1274 4 574 663 1329 1314 5.930556 0.520833
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m m2
1275 4 663 664 1330 1329 8.755556 4.444444
1277 4 578 665 1331 1318 5.930556 0.520833
1278 4 665 666 1332 1331 8.755556 4.444444
1280 4 1297 667 1333 1334 6.555556 1.388889
1281 4 667 1298 1335 1333 6.055556 0.694444
1282 4 1298 1299 1336 1335 6.055556 0.694444
1283 4 1299 1300 1337 1336 6.555556 1.388889
1284 4 1300 1301 1338 1337 6.555556 1.388889
1285 4 1301 1302 1339 1338 6.055556 0.694444
1286 4 1302 1303 1340 1339 6.055556 0.694444
1287 4 1303 1304 1341 1340 6.555556 1.388889
1288 4 1304 1305 1342 1341 6.555556 1.388889
1289 4 1305 1306 1343 1342 6.055556 0.694444
1290 4 1306 1307 1344 1343 6.055556 0.694444
1291 4 1307 1308 1345 1344 6.555556 1.388889
1292 4 1308 1309 1346 1345 6.555556 1.388889
1293 4 1309 1310 1347 1346 6.055556 0.694444
1294 4 1310 1311 1348 1347 6.055556 0.694444
1295 4 1311 1312 1349 1348 6.555556 1.388889
1296 4 1312 1313 1350 1349 6.555556 1.388889
1297 4 1313 1314 1351 1350 6.055556 0.694444
1298 4 1314 1315 1352 1351 6.055556 0.694444
1299 4 1315 1316 1353 1352 6.555556 1.388889
1300 4 1316 1317 1354 1353 6.555556 1.388889
1301 4 1317 1318 1355 1354 6.055556 0.694444
1302 4 1318 1319 1356 1355 6.055556 0.694444
1303 4 1319 1320 1393 1356 6.555556 1.388889
1304 4 1298 1321 1394 1335 5.930556 0.520833
1305 4 1321 1322 1395 1394 8.755556 4.444444
1307 4 1302 1323 1396 1339 5.930556 0.520833
1308 4 1323 1324 1397 1396 8.755556 4.444444
1310 4 1306 1325 1398 1343 5.930556 0.520833
1311 4 1325 1326 1399 1398 8.755556 4.444444
1313 4 1310 1327 1400 1347 5.930556 0.520833
1314 4 1327 1328 1401 1400 8.755556 4.444444
1316 4 1314 1329 1402 1351 5.930556 0.520833
1317 4 1329 1330 1403 1402 8.755556 4.444444
1319 4 1318 1331 1404 1355 5.930556 0.520833
1320 4 1331 1332 1405 1404 8.755556 4.444444
1322 4 1334 1333 1406 1407 6.555556 1.388889
1323 4 1333 1335 1408 1406 6.055556 0.694444
1324 4 1335 1336 1409 1408 6.055556 0.694444
1325 4 1336 1337 1410 1409 6.555556 1.388889
1326 4 1337 1338 1411 1410 6.555556 1.388889
1327 4 1338 1339 1412 1411 6.055556 0.694444
1328 4 1339 1340 1413 1412 6.055556 0.694444
1329 4 1340 1341 1414 1413 6.555556 1.388889
1330 4 1341 1342 1415 1414 6.555556 1.388889
1331 4 1342 1343 1416 1415 6.055556 0.694444
1332 4 1343 1344 1417 1416 6.055556 0.694444
1333 4 1344 1345 1418 1417 6.555556 1.388889
1334 4 1345 1346 1419 1418 6.555556 1.388889
1335 4 1346 1347 1420 1419 6.055556 0.694444
1336 4 1347 1348 1421 1420 6.055556 0.694444
Page 142

m m2
1337 4 1348 1349 1422 1421 6.555556 1.388889
1338 4 1349 1350 1423 1422 6.555556 1.388889
1339 4 1350 1351 1424 1423 6.055556 0.694444
1340 4 1351 1352 1425 1424 6.055556 0.694444
1341 4 1352 1353 1426 1425 6.555556 1.388889
1342 4 1353 1354 1427 1426 6.555556 1.388889
1343 4 1354 1355 1428 1427 6.055556 0.694444
1344 4 1355 1356 1429 1428 6.055556 0.694444
1345 4 1356 1393 1430 1429 6.555556 1.388889
1346 4 1335 1394 1431 1408 5.930556 0.520833
1347 4 1394 1395 1432 1431 8.755556 4.444444
1349 4 1339 1396 1433 1412 5.930556 0.520833
1350 4 1396 1397 1434 1433 8.755556 4.444444
1352 4 1343 1398 1435 1416 5.930556 0.520833
1353 4 1398 1399 1436 1435 8.755556 4.444444
1355 4 1347 1400 1437 1420 5.930556 0.520833
1356 4 1400 1401 1438 1437 8.755556 4.444444
1358 4 1351 1402 1439 1424 5.930556 0.520833
1359 4 1402 1403 1440 1439 8.755556 4.444444
1361 4 1355 1404 1441 1428 5.930556 0.520833
1362 4 1404 1405 1442 1441 8.755556 4.444444
1364 4 1407 1406 1443 1444 6.555556 1.388889
1365 4 1406 1408 1445 1443 6.055556 0.694444
1366 4 1408 1409 1446 1445 6.055556 0.694444
1367 4 1409 1410 1447 1446 6.555556 1.388889
1368 4 1410 1411 1448 1447 6.555556 1.388889
1369 4 1411 1412 1449 1448 6.055556 0.694444
1370 4 1412 1413 1450 1449 6.055556 0.694444
1371 4 1413 1414 1451 1450 6.555556 1.388889
1372 4 1414 1415 1452 1451 6.555556 1.388889
1373 4 1415 1416 1453 1452 6.055556 0.694444
1374 4 1416 1417 1454 1453 6.055556 0.694444
1375 4 1417 1418 1455 1454 6.555556 1.388889
1376 4 1418 1419 1456 1455 6.555556 1.388889
1377 4 1419 1420 1457 1456 6.055556 0.694444
1378 4 1420 1421 1458 1457 6.055556 0.694444
1379 4 1421 1422 1459 1458 6.555556 1.388889
1380 4 1422 1423 1460 1459 6.555556 1.388889
1381 4 1423 1424 1461 1460 6.055556 0.694444
1382 4 1424 1425 1462 1461 6.055556 0.694444
1383 4 1425 1426 1463 1462 6.555556 1.388889
1384 4 1426 1427 1464 1463 6.555556 1.388889
1385 4 1427 1428 1465 1464 6.055556 0.694444
1386 4 1428 1429 1466 1465 6.055556 0.694444
1387 4 1429 1430 1467 1466 6.555556 1.388889
1388 4 1408 1431 1468 1445 5.930556 0.520833
1389 4 1431 1432 1469 1468 8.755556 4.444444
1391 4 1412 1433 1470 1449 5.930556 0.520833
1392 4 1433 1434 1471 1470 8.755556 4.444444
1394 4 1416 1435 1472 1453 5.930556 0.520833
1395 4 1435 1436 1473 1472 8.755556 4.444444
1397 4 1420 1437 1474 1457 5.930556 0.520833
1398 4 1437 1438 1475 1474 8.755556 4.444444
1400 4 1424 1439 1476 1461 5.930556 0.520833
Page 143

m m2
1401 4 1439 1440 1477 1476 8.755556 4.444444
1403 4 1428 1441 1478 1465 5.930556 0.520833
1404 4 1441 1442 1479 1478 8.755556 4.444444

Area Volume CentroidX CentroidY CentroidZ GUID
m3 m m m
2 0.520833 1.38889 4.25000 -0.18750
3 0.260417 1.38889 3.87500 -0.18750
4 0.260417 1.38889 3.62500 -0.18750
5 0.520833 1.38889 3.25000 -0.18750
6 0.520833 1.38889 2.75000 -0.18750
7 0.260417 1.38889 2.37500 -0.18750
8 0.260417 1.38889 2.12500 -0.18750
9 0.520833 1.38889 1.75000 -0.18750
10 0.520833 1.38889 1.25000 -0.18750
11 0.260417 1.38889 0.87500 -0.18750
12 0.260417 1.38889 0.62500 -0.18750
13 0.520833 1.38889 0.25000 -0.18750
14 0.520833 1.38889 -0.25000 -0.18750
15 0.260417 1.38889 -0.62500 -0.18750
16 0.260417 1.38889 -0.87500 -0.18750
17 0.520833 1.38889 -1.25000 -0.18750
18 0.520833 1.38889 -1.75000 -0.18750
19 0.260417 1.38889 -2.12500 -0.18750
20 0.260417 1.38889 -2.37500 -0.18750
21 0.520833 1.38889 -2.75000 -0.18750
22 0.520833 1.38889 -3.25000 -0.18750
23 0.260417 1.38889 -3.62500 -0.18750
24 0.260417 1.38889 -3.87500 -0.18750
25 0.520833 1.38889 -4.25000 -0.18750
26 0.260417 1.38889 3.75000 -0.28125
27 2.222222 1.38889 3.75000 -1.17500
29 0.260417 1.38889 2.25000 -0.28125
30 2.222222 1.38889 2.25000 -1.17500
32 0.260417 1.38889 0.75000 -0.28125
33 2.222222 1.38889 0.75000 -1.17500
35 0.260417 1.38889 -0.75000 -0.28125
36 2.222222 1.38889 -0.75000 -1.17500
38 0.260417 1.38889 -2.25000 -0.28125
39 2.222222 1.38889 -2.25000 -1.17500
41 0.260417 1.38889 -3.75000 -0.28125
42 2.222222 1.38889 -3.75000 -1.17500
44 0.520833 4.16667 4.25000 -0.18750
45 0.260417 4.16667 3.87500 -0.18750
46 0.260417 4.16667 3.62500 -0.18750
47 0.520833 4.16667 3.25000 -0.18750
48 0.520833 4.16667 2.75000 -0.18750
49 0.260417 4.16667 2.37500 -0.18750
50 0.260417 4.16667 2.12500 -0.18750
51 0.520833 4.16667 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 144

m3 m m m
52 0.520833 4.16667 1.25000 -0.18750
53 0.260417 4.16667 0.87500 -0.18750
54 0.260417 4.16667 0.62500 -0.18750
55 0.520833 4.16667 0.25000 -0.18750
56 0.520833 4.16667 -0.25000 -0.18750
57 0.260417 4.16667 -0.62500 -0.18750
58 0.260417 4.16667 -0.87500 -0.18750
59 0.520833 4.16667 -1.25000 -0.18750
60 0.520833 4.16667 -1.75000 -0.18750
61 0.260417 4.16667 -2.12500 -0.18750
62 0.260417 4.16667 -2.37500 -0.18750
63 0.520833 4.16667 -2.75000 -0.18750
64 0.520833 4.16667 -3.25000 -0.18750
65 0.260417 4.16667 -3.62500 -0.18750
66 0.260417 4.16667 -3.87500 -0.18750
67 0.520833 4.16667 -4.25000 -0.18750
68 0.260417 4.16667 3.75000 -0.28125
69 2.222222 4.16667 3.75000 -1.17500
71 0.260417 4.16667 2.25000 -0.28125
72 2.222222 4.16667 2.25000 -1.17500
74 0.260417 4.16667 0.75000 -0.28125
75 2.222222 4.16667 0.75000 -1.17500
77 0.260417 4.16667 -0.75000 -0.28125
78 2.222222 4.16667 -0.75000 -1.17500
80 0.260417 4.16667 -2.25000 -0.28125
81 2.222222 4.16667 -2.25000 -1.17500
83 0.260417 4.16667 -3.75000 -0.28125
84 2.222222 4.16667 -3.75000 -1.17500
86 0.520833 6.94444 4.25000 -0.18750
87 0.260417 6.94444 3.87500 -0.18750
88 0.260417 6.94444 3.62500 -0.18750
89 0.520833 6.94444 3.25000 -0.18750
90 0.520833 6.94444 2.75000 -0.18750
91 0.260417 6.94444 2.37500 -0.18750
92 0.260417 6.94444 2.12500 -0.18750
93 0.520833 6.94444 1.75000 -0.18750
94 0.520833 6.94444 1.25000 -0.18750
95 0.260417 6.94444 0.87500 -0.18750
96 0.260417 6.94444 0.62500 -0.18750
97 0.520833 6.94444 0.25000 -0.18750
98 0.520833 6.94444 -0.25000 -0.18750
99 0.260417 6.94444 -0.62500 -0.18750
100 0.260417 6.94444 -0.87500 -0.18750
101 0.520833 6.94444 -1.25000 -0.18750
102 0.520833 6.94444 -1.75000 -0.18750
103 0.260417 6.94444 -2.12500 -0.18750
104 0.260417 6.94444 -2.37500 -0.18750
105 0.520833 6.94444 -2.75000 -0.18750
106 0.520833 6.94444 -3.25000 -0.18750
107 0.260417 6.94444 -3.62500 -0.18750
108 0.260417 6.94444 -3.87500 -0.18750
109 0.520833 6.94444 -4.25000 -0.18750
110 0.260417 6.94444 3.75000 -0.28125
111 2.222222 6.94444 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 145

m3 m m m
113 0.260417 6.94444 2.25000 -0.28125
114 2.222222 6.94444 2.25000 -1.17500
116 0.260417 6.94444 0.75000 -0.28125
117 2.222222 6.94444 0.75000 -1.17500
119 0.260417 6.94444 -0.75000 -0.28125
120 2.222222 6.94444 -0.75000 -1.17500
122 0.260417 6.94444 -2.25000 -0.28125
123 2.222222 6.94444 -2.25000 -1.17500
125 0.260417 6.94444 -3.75000 -0.28125
126 2.222222 6.94444 -3.75000 -1.17500
128 0.520833 9.72222 4.25000 -0.18750
129 0.260417 9.72222 3.87500 -0.18750
130 0.260417 9.72222 3.62500 -0.18750
131 0.520833 9.72222 3.25000 -0.18750
132 0.520833 9.72222 2.75000 -0.18750
133 0.260417 9.72222 2.37500 -0.18750
134 0.260417 9.72222 2.12500 -0.18750
135 0.520833 9.72222 1.75000 -0.18750
136 0.520833 9.72222 1.25000 -0.18750
137 0.260417 9.72222 0.87500 -0.18750
138 0.260417 9.72222 0.62500 -0.18750
139 0.520833 9.72222 0.25000 -0.18750
140 0.520833 9.72222 -0.25000 -0.18750
141 0.260417 9.72222 -0.62500 -0.18750
142 0.260417 9.72222 -0.87500 -0.18750
143 0.520833 9.72222 -1.25000 -0.18750
144 0.520833 9.72222 -1.75000 -0.18750
145 0.260417 9.72222 -2.12500 -0.18750
146 0.260417 9.72222 -2.37500 -0.18750
147 0.520833 9.72222 -2.75000 -0.18750
148 0.520833 9.72222 -3.25000 -0.18750
149 0.260417 9.72222 -3.62500 -0.18750
150 0.260417 9.72222 -3.87500 -0.18750
151 0.520833 9.72222 -4.25000 -0.18750
152 0.260417 9.72222 3.75000 -0.28125
153 2.222222 9.72222 3.75000 -1.17500
155 0.260417 9.72222 2.25000 -0.28125
156 2.222222 9.72222 2.25000 -1.17500
158 0.260417 9.72222 0.75000 -0.28125
159 2.222222 9.72222 0.75000 -1.17500
161 0.260417 9.72222 -0.75000 -0.28125
162 2.222222 9.72222 -0.75000 -1.17500
164 0.260417 9.72222 -2.25000 -0.28125
165 2.222222 9.72222 -2.25000 -1.17500
167 0.260417 9.72222 -3.75000 -0.28125
168 2.222222 9.72222 -3.75000 -1.17500
170 0.520833 12.50000 4.25000 -0.18750
171 0.260417 12.50000 3.87500 -0.18750
172 0.260417 12.50000 3.62500 -0.18750
173 0.520833 12.50000 3.25000 -0.18750
174 0.520833 12.50000 2.75000 -0.18750
175 0.260417 12.50000 2.37500 -0.18750
176 0.260417 12.50000 2.12500 -0.18750
177 0.520833 12.50000 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 146

m3 m m m
178 0.520833 12.50000 1.25000 -0.18750
179 0.260417 12.50000 0.87500 -0.18750
180 0.260417 12.50000 0.62500 -0.18750
181 0.520833 12.50000 0.25000 -0.18750
182 0.520833 12.50000 -0.25000 -0.18750
183 0.260417 12.50000 -0.62500 -0.18750
184 0.260417 12.50000 -0.87500 -0.18750
185 0.520833 12.50000 -1.25000 -0.18750
186 0.520833 12.50000 -1.75000 -0.18750
187 0.260417 12.50000 -2.12500 -0.18750
188 0.260417 12.50000 -2.37500 -0.18750
189 0.520833 12.50000 -2.75000 -0.18750
190 0.520833 12.50000 -3.25000 -0.18750
191 0.260417 12.50000 -3.62500 -0.18750
192 0.260417 12.50000 -3.87500 -0.18750
193 0.520833 12.50000 -4.25000 -0.18750
194 0.260417 12.50000 3.75000 -0.28125
195 2.222222 12.50000 3.75000 -1.17500
197 0.260417 12.50000 2.25000 -0.28125
198 2.222222 12.50000 2.25000 -1.17500
200 0.260417 12.50000 0.75000 -0.28125
201 2.222222 12.50000 0.75000 -1.17500
203 0.260417 12.50000 -0.75000 -0.28125
204 2.222222 12.50000 -0.75000 -1.17500
206 0.260417 12.50000 -2.25000 -0.28125
207 2.222222 12.50000 -2.25000 -1.17500
209 0.260417 12.50000 -3.75000 -0.28125
210 2.222222 12.50000 -3.75000 -1.17500
212 0.520833 15.27778 4.25000 -0.18750
213 0.260417 15.27778 3.87500 -0.18750
214 0.260417 15.27778 3.62500 -0.18750
215 0.520833 15.27778 3.25000 -0.18750
216 0.520833 15.27778 2.75000 -0.18750
217 0.260417 15.27778 2.37500 -0.18750
218 0.260417 15.27778 2.12500 -0.18750
219 0.520833 15.27778 1.75000 -0.18750
220 0.520833 15.27778 1.25000 -0.18750
221 0.260417 15.27778 0.87500 -0.18750
222 0.260417 15.27778 0.62500 -0.18750
223 0.520833 15.27778 0.25000 -0.18750
224 0.520833 15.27778 -0.25000 -0.18750
225 0.260417 15.27778 -0.62500 -0.18750
226 0.260417 15.27778 -0.87500 -0.18750
227 0.520833 15.27778 -1.25000 -0.18750
228 0.520833 15.27778 -1.75000 -0.18750
229 0.260417 15.27778 -2.12500 -0.18750
230 0.260417 15.27778 -2.37500 -0.18750
231 0.520833 15.27778 -2.75000 -0.18750
232 0.520833 15.27778 -3.25000 -0.18750
233 0.260417 15.27778 -3.62500 -0.18750
234 0.260417 15.27778 -3.87500 -0.18750
235 0.520833 15.27778 -4.25000 -0.18750
236 0.260417 15.27778 3.75000 -0.28125
237 2.222222 15.27778 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 147

m3 m m m
239 0.260417 15.27778 2.25000 -0.28125
240 2.222222 15.27778 2.25000 -1.17500
242 0.260417 15.27778 0.75000 -0.28125
243 2.222222 15.27778 0.75000 -1.17500
245 0.260417 15.27778 -0.75000 -0.28125
246 2.222222 15.27778 -0.75000 -1.17500
248 0.260417 15.27778 -2.25000 -0.28125
249 2.222222 15.27778 -2.25000 -1.17500
251 0.260417 15.27778 -3.75000 -0.28125
252 2.222222 15.27778 -3.75000 -1.17500
254 0.520833 18.05556 4.25000 -0.18750
255 0.260417 18.05556 3.87500 -0.18750
256 0.260417 18.05556 3.62500 -0.18750
257 0.520833 18.05556 3.25000 -0.18750
258 0.520833 18.05556 2.75000 -0.18750
259 0.260417 18.05556 2.37500 -0.18750
260 0.260417 18.05556 2.12500 -0.18750
261 0.520833 18.05556 1.75000 -0.18750
262 0.520833 18.05556 1.25000 -0.18750
263 0.260417 18.05556 0.87500 -0.18750
264 0.260417 18.05556 0.62500 -0.18750
265 0.520833 18.05556 0.25000 -0.18750
266 0.520833 18.05556 -0.25000 -0.18750
267 0.260417 18.05556 -0.62500 -0.18750
268 0.260417 18.05556 -0.87500 -0.18750
269 0.520833 18.05556 -1.25000 -0.18750
270 0.520833 18.05556 -1.75000 -0.18750
271 0.260417 18.05556 -2.12500 -0.18750
272 0.260417 18.05556 -2.37500 -0.18750
273 0.520833 18.05556 -2.75000 -0.18750
274 0.520833 18.05556 -3.25000 -0.18750
275 0.260417 18.05556 -3.62500 -0.18750
276 0.260417 18.05556 -3.87500 -0.18750
277 0.520833 18.05556 -4.25000 -0.18750
278 0.260417 18.05556 3.75000 -0.28125
279 2.222222 18.05556 3.75000 -1.17500
281 0.260417 18.05556 2.25000 -0.28125
282 2.222222 18.05556 2.25000 -1.17500
284 0.260417 18.05556 0.75000 -0.28125
285 2.222222 18.05556 0.75000 -1.17500
287 0.260417 18.05556 -0.75000 -0.28125
288 2.222222 18.05556 -0.75000 -1.17500
290 0.260417 18.05556 -2.25000 -0.28125
291 2.222222 18.05556 -2.25000 -1.17500
293 0.260417 18.05556 -3.75000 -0.28125
294 2.222222 18.05556 -3.75000 -1.17500
296 0.520833 20.83333 4.25000 -0.18750
297 0.260417 20.83333 3.87500 -0.18750
298 0.260417 20.83333 3.62500 -0.18750
299 0.520833 20.83333 3.25000 -0.18750
300 0.520833 20.83333 2.75000 -0.18750
301 0.260417 20.83333 2.37500 -0.18750
302 0.260417 20.83333 2.12500 -0.18750
303 0.520833 20.83333 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 148

m3 m m m
304 0.520833 20.83333 1.25000 -0.18750
305 0.260417 20.83333 0.87500 -0.18750
306 0.260417 20.83333 0.62500 -0.18750
307 0.520833 20.83333 0.25000 -0.18750
308 0.520833 20.83333 -0.25000 -0.18750
309 0.260417 20.83333 -0.62500 -0.18750
310 0.260417 20.83333 -0.87500 -0.18750
311 0.520833 20.83333 -1.25000 -0.18750
312 0.520833 20.83333 -1.75000 -0.18750
313 0.260417 20.83333 -2.12500 -0.18750
314 0.260417 20.83333 -2.37500 -0.18750
315 0.520833 20.83333 -2.75000 -0.18750
316 0.520833 20.83333 -3.25000 -0.18750
317 0.260417 20.83333 -3.62500 -0.18750
318 0.260417 20.83333 -3.87500 -0.18750
319 0.520833 20.83333 -4.25000 -0.18750
320 0.260417 20.83333 3.75000 -0.28125
321 2.222222 20.83333 3.75000 -1.17500
323 0.260417 20.83333 2.25000 -0.28125
324 2.222222 20.83333 2.25000 -1.17500
326 0.260417 20.83333 0.75000 -0.28125
327 2.222222 20.83333 0.75000 -1.17500
329 0.260417 20.83333 -0.75000 -0.28125
330 2.222222 20.83333 -0.75000 -1.17500
332 0.260417 20.83333 -2.25000 -0.28125
333 2.222222 20.83333 -2.25000 -1.17500
335 0.260417 20.83333 -3.75000 -0.28125
336 2.222222 20.83333 -3.75000 -1.17500
338 0.520833 23.61111 4.25000 -0.18750
339 0.260417 23.61111 3.87500 -0.18750
340 0.260417 23.61111 3.62500 -0.18750
341 0.520833 23.61111 3.25000 -0.18750
342 0.520833 23.61111 2.75000 -0.18750
343 0.260417 23.61111 2.37500 -0.18750
344 0.260417 23.61111 2.12500 -0.18750
345 0.520833 23.61111 1.75000 -0.18750
346 0.520833 23.61111 1.25000 -0.18750
347 0.260417 23.61111 0.87500 -0.18750
348 0.260417 23.61111 0.62500 -0.18750
349 0.520833 23.61111 0.25000 -0.18750
350 0.520833 23.61111 -0.25000 -0.18750
351 0.260417 23.61111 -0.62500 -0.18750
352 0.260417 23.61111 -0.87500 -0.18750
353 0.520833 23.61111 -1.25000 -0.18750
354 0.520833 23.61111 -1.75000 -0.18750
355 0.260417 23.61111 -2.12500 -0.18750
356 0.260417 23.61111 -2.37500 -0.18750
357 0.520833 23.61111 -2.75000 -0.18750
358 0.520833 23.61111 -3.25000 -0.18750
359 0.260417 23.61111 -3.62500 -0.18750
360 0.260417 23.61111 -3.87500 -0.18750
361 0.520833 23.61111 -4.25000 -0.18750
362 0.260417 23.61111 3.75000 -0.28125
363 2.222222 23.61111 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 149

m3 m m m
365 0.260417 23.61111 2.25000 -0.28125
366 2.222222 23.61111 2.25000 -1.17500
368 0.260417 23.61111 0.75000 -0.28125
369 2.222222 23.61111 0.75000 -1.17500
371 0.260417 23.61111 -0.75000 -0.28125
372 2.222222 23.61111 -0.75000 -1.17500
374 0.260417 23.61111 -2.25000 -0.28125
375 2.222222 23.61111 -2.25000 -1.17500
377 0.260417 23.61111 -3.75000 -0.28125
378 2.222222 23.61111 -3.75000 -1.17500
380 0.520833 26.38889 4.25000 -0.18750
381 0.260417 26.38889 3.87500 -0.18750
382 0.260417 26.38889 3.62500 -0.18750
383 0.520833 26.38889 3.25000 -0.18750
384 0.520833 26.38889 2.75000 -0.18750
385 0.260417 26.38889 2.37500 -0.18750
386 0.260417 26.38889 2.12500 -0.18750
387 0.520833 26.38889 1.75000 -0.18750
388 0.520833 26.38889 1.25000 -0.18750
389 0.260417 26.38889 0.87500 -0.18750
390 0.260417 26.38889 0.62500 -0.18750
391 0.520833 26.38889 0.25000 -0.18750
392 0.520833 26.38889 -0.25000 -0.18750
393 0.260417 26.38889 -0.62500 -0.18750
394 0.260417 26.38889 -0.87500 -0.18750
395 0.520833 26.38889 -1.25000 -0.18750
396 0.520833 26.38889 -1.75000 -0.18750
397 0.260417 26.38889 -2.12500 -0.18750
398 0.260417 26.38889 -2.37500 -0.18750
399 0.520833 26.38889 -2.75000 -0.18750
400 0.520833 26.38889 -3.25000 -0.18750
401 0.260417 26.38889 -3.62500 -0.18750
402 0.260417 26.38889 -3.87500 -0.18750
403 0.520833 26.38889 -4.25000 -0.18750
404 0.260417 26.38889 3.75000 -0.28125
405 2.222222 26.38889 3.75000 -1.17500
407 0.260417 26.38889 2.25000 -0.28125
408 2.222222 26.38889 2.25000 -1.17500
410 0.260417 26.38889 0.75000 -0.28125
411 2.222222 26.38889 0.75000 -1.17500
413 0.260417 26.38889 -0.75000 -0.28125
414 2.222222 26.38889 -0.75000 -1.17500
416 0.260417 26.38889 -2.25000 -0.28125
417 2.222222 26.38889 -2.25000 -1.17500
419 0.260417 26.38889 -3.75000 -0.28125
420 2.222222 26.38889 -3.75000 -1.17500
422 0.520833 29.16667 4.25000 -0.18750
423 0.260417 29.16667 3.87500 -0.18750
424 0.260417 29.16667 3.62500 -0.18750
425 0.520833 29.16667 3.25000 -0.18750
426 0.520833 29.16667 2.75000 -0.18750
427 0.260417 29.16667 2.37500 -0.18750
428 0.260417 29.16667 2.12500 -0.18750
429 0.520833 29.16667 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 150

m3 m m m
430 0.520833 29.16667 1.25000 -0.18750
431 0.260417 29.16667 0.87500 -0.18750
432 0.260417 29.16667 0.62500 -0.18750
433 0.520833 29.16667 0.25000 -0.18750
434 0.520833 29.16667 -0.25000 -0.18750
435 0.260417 29.16667 -0.62500 -0.18750
436 0.260417 29.16667 -0.87500 -0.18750
437 0.520833 29.16667 -1.25000 -0.18750
438 0.520833 29.16667 -1.75000 -0.18750
439 0.260417 29.16667 -2.12500 -0.18750
440 0.260417 29.16667 -2.37500 -0.18750
441 0.520833 29.16667 -2.75000 -0.18750
442 0.520833 29.16667 -3.25000 -0.18750
443 0.260417 29.16667 -3.62500 -0.18750
444 0.260417 29.16667 -3.87500 -0.18750
445 0.520833 29.16667 -4.25000 -0.18750
446 0.260417 29.16667 3.75000 -0.28125
447 2.222222 29.16667 3.75000 -1.17500
449 0.260417 29.16667 2.25000 -0.28125
450 2.222222 29.16667 2.25000 -1.17500
452 0.260417 29.16667 0.75000 -0.28125
453 2.222222 29.16667 0.75000 -1.17500
455 0.260417 29.16667 -0.75000 -0.28125
456 2.222222 29.16667 -0.75000 -1.17500
458 0.260417 29.16667 -2.25000 -0.28125
459 2.222222 29.16667 -2.25000 -1.17500
461 0.260417 29.16667 -3.75000 -0.28125
462 2.222222 29.16667 -3.75000 -1.17500
464 0.520833 31.94444 4.25000 -0.18750
465 0.260417 31.94444 3.87500 -0.18750
466 0.260417 31.94444 3.62500 -0.18750
467 0.520833 31.94444 3.25000 -0.18750
468 0.520833 31.94444 2.75000 -0.18750
469 0.260417 31.94444 2.37500 -0.18750
470 0.260417 31.94444 2.12500 -0.18750
471 0.520833 31.94444 1.75000 -0.18750
472 0.520833 31.94444 1.25000 -0.18750
473 0.260417 31.94444 0.87500 -0.18750
474 0.260417 31.94444 0.62500 -0.18750
475 0.520833 31.94444 0.25000 -0.18750
476 0.520833 31.94444 -0.25000 -0.18750
477 0.260417 31.94444 -0.62500 -0.18750
478 0.260417 31.94444 -0.87500 -0.18750
479 0.520833 31.94444 -1.25000 -0.18750
480 0.520833 31.94444 -1.75000 -0.18750
481 0.260417 31.94444 -2.12500 -0.18750
482 0.260417 31.94444 -2.37500 -0.18750
483 0.520833 31.94444 -2.75000 -0.18750
484 0.520833 31.94444 -3.25000 -0.18750
485 0.260417 31.94444 -3.62500 -0.18750
486 0.260417 31.94444 -3.87500 -0.18750
487 0.520833 31.94444 -4.25000 -0.18750
488 0.260417 31.94444 3.75000 -0.28125
489 2.222222 31.94444 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 151

m3 m m m
491 0.260417 31.94444 2.25000 -0.28125
492 2.222222 31.94444 2.25000 -1.17500
494 0.260417 31.94444 0.75000 -0.28125
495 2.222222 31.94444 0.75000 -1.17500
497 0.260417 31.94444 -0.75000 -0.28125
498 2.222222 31.94444 -0.75000 -1.17500
500 0.260417 31.94444 -2.25000 -0.28125
501 2.222222 31.94444 -2.25000 -1.17500
503 0.260417 31.94444 -3.75000 -0.28125
504 2.222222 31.94444 -3.75000 -1.17500
534 0.520833 34.72222 4.25000 -0.18750
537 0.260417 34.72222 3.87500 -0.18750
540 0.260417 34.72222 3.62500 -0.18750
543 0.520833 34.72222 3.25000 -0.18750
546 0.520833 34.72222 2.75000 -0.18750
573 0.260417 34.72222 2.37500 -0.18750
576 0.260417 34.72222 2.12500 -0.18750
579 0.520833 34.72222 1.75000 -0.18750
582 0.520833 34.72222 1.25000 -0.18750
585 0.260417 34.72222 0.87500 -0.18750
588 0.260417 34.72222 0.62500 -0.18750
615 0.520833 34.72222 0.25000 -0.18750
618 0.520833 34.72222 -0.25000 -0.18750
621 0.260417 34.72222 -0.62500 -0.18750
624 0.260417 34.72222 -0.87500 -0.18750
627 0.520833 34.72222 -1.25000 -0.18750
630 0.520833 34.72222 -1.75000 -0.18750
657 0.260417 34.72222 -2.12500 -0.18750
660 0.260417 34.72222 -2.37500 -0.18750
663 0.520833 34.72222 -2.75000 -0.18750
666 0.520833 34.72222 -3.25000 -0.18750
669 0.260417 34.72222 -3.62500 -0.18750
672 0.260417 34.72222 -3.87500 -0.18750
699 0.520833 34.72222 -4.25000 -0.18750
702 0.260417 34.72222 3.75000 -0.28125
705 2.222222 34.72222 3.75000 -1.17500
711 0.260417 34.72222 2.25000 -0.28125
714 2.222222 34.72222 2.25000 -1.17500
744 0.260417 34.72222 0.75000 -0.28125
747 2.222222 34.72222 0.75000 -1.17500
753 0.260417 34.72222 -0.75000 -0.28125
756 2.222222 34.72222 -0.75000 -1.17500
786 0.260417 34.72222 -2.25000 -0.28125
789 2.222222 34.72222 -2.25000 -1.17500
795 0.260417 34.72222 -3.75000 -0.28125
798 2.222222 34.72222 -3.75000 -1.17500
828 0.520833 37.50000 4.25000 -0.18750
831 0.260417 37.50000 3.87500 -0.18750
834 0.260417 37.50000 3.62500 -0.18750
837 0.520833 37.50000 3.25000 -0.18750
840 0.520833 37.50000 2.75000 -0.18750
867 0.260417 37.50000 2.37500 -0.18750
870 0.260417 37.50000 2.12500 -0.18750
873 0.520833 37.50000 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 152

m3 m m m
876 0.520833 37.50000 1.25000 -0.18750
879 0.260417 37.50000 0.87500 -0.18750
882 0.260417 37.50000 0.62500 -0.18750
909 0.520833 37.50000 0.25000 -0.18750
912 0.520833 37.50000 -0.25000 -0.18750
915 0.260417 37.50000 -0.62500 -0.18750
918 0.260417 37.50000 -0.87500 -0.18750
921 0.520833 37.50000 -1.25000 -0.18750
924 0.520833 37.50000 -1.75000 -0.18750
951 0.260417 37.50000 -2.12500 -0.18750
954 0.260417 37.50000 -2.37500 -0.18750
957 0.520833 37.50000 -2.75000 -0.18750
960 0.520833 37.50000 -3.25000 -0.18750
963 0.260417 37.50000 -3.62500 -0.18750
966 0.260417 37.50000 -3.87500 -0.18750
993 0.520833 37.50000 -4.25000 -0.18750
996 0.260417 37.50000 3.75000 -0.28125
999 2.222222 37.50000 3.75000 -1.17500
1005 0.260417 37.50000 2.25000 -0.28125
1008 2.222222 37.50000 2.25000 -1.17500
1038 0.260417 37.50000 0.75000 -0.28125
1041 2.222222 37.50000 0.75000 -1.17500
1047 0.260417 37.50000 -0.75000 -0.28125
1050 2.222222 37.50000 -0.75000 -1.17500
1080 0.260417 37.50000 -2.25000 -0.28125
1083 2.222222 37.50000 -2.25000 -1.17500
1089 0.260417 37.50000 -3.75000 -0.28125
1092 2.222222 37.50000 -3.75000 -1.17500
1122 0.520833 40.27778 4.25000 -0.18750
1125 0.260417 40.27778 3.87500 -0.18750
1128 0.260417 40.27778 3.62500 -0.18750
1131 0.520833 40.27778 3.25000 -0.18750
1134 0.520833 40.27778 2.75000 -0.18750
1161 0.260417 40.27778 2.37500 -0.18750
1164 0.260417 40.27778 2.12500 -0.18750
1167 0.520833 40.27778 1.75000 -0.18750
1170 0.520833 40.27778 1.25000 -0.18750
1173 0.260417 40.27778 0.87500 -0.18750
1176 0.260417 40.27778 0.62500 -0.18750
1203 0.520833 40.27778 0.25000 -0.18750
1206 0.520833 40.27778 -0.25000 -0.18750
1209 0.260417 40.27778 -0.62500 -0.18750
1212 0.260417 40.27778 -0.87500 -0.18750
1215 0.520833 40.27778 -1.25000 -0.18750
1218 0.520833 40.27778 -1.75000 -0.18750
1245 0.260417 40.27778 -2.12500 -0.18750
1248 0.260417 40.27778 -2.37500 -0.18750
1251 0.520833 40.27778 -2.75000 -0.18750
1254 0.520833 40.27778 -3.25000 -0.18750
1257 0.260417 40.27778 -3.62500 -0.18750
1260 0.260417 40.27778 -3.87500 -0.18750
1261 0.520833 40.27778 -4.25000 -0.18750
1262 0.260417 40.27778 3.75000 -0.28125
1263 2.222222 40.27778 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 153

m3 m m m
1265 0.260417 40.27778 2.25000 -0.28125
1266 2.222222 40.27778 2.25000 -1.17500
1268 0.260417 40.27778 0.75000 -0.28125
1269 2.222222 40.27778 0.75000 -1.17500
1271 0.260417 40.27778 -0.75000 -0.28125
1272 2.222222 40.27778 -0.75000 -1.17500
1274 0.260417 40.27778 -2.25000 -0.28125
1275 2.222222 40.27778 -2.25000 -1.17500
1277 0.260417 40.27778 -3.75000 -0.28125
1278 2.222222 40.27778 -3.75000 -1.17500
1280 0.520833 43.05556 4.25000 -0.18750
1281 0.260417 43.05556 3.87500 -0.18750
1282 0.260417 43.05556 3.62500 -0.18750
1283 0.520833 43.05556 3.25000 -0.18750
1284 0.520833 43.05556 2.75000 -0.18750
1285 0.260417 43.05556 2.37500 -0.18750
1286 0.260417 43.05556 2.12500 -0.18750
1287 0.520833 43.05556 1.75000 -0.18750
1288 0.520833 43.05556 1.25000 -0.18750
1289 0.260417 43.05556 0.87500 -0.18750
1290 0.260417 43.05556 0.62500 -0.18750
1291 0.520833 43.05556 0.25000 -0.18750
1292 0.520833 43.05556 -0.25000 -0.18750
1293 0.260417 43.05556 -0.62500 -0.18750
1294 0.260417 43.05556 -0.87500 -0.18750
1295 0.520833 43.05556 -1.25000 -0.18750
1296 0.520833 43.05556 -1.75000 -0.18750
1297 0.260417 43.05556 -2.12500 -0.18750
1298 0.260417 43.05556 -2.37500 -0.18750
1299 0.520833 43.05556 -2.75000 -0.18750
1300 0.520833 43.05556 -3.25000 -0.18750
1301 0.260417 43.05556 -3.62500 -0.18750
1302 0.260417 43.05556 -3.87500 -0.18750
1303 0.520833 43.05556 -4.25000 -0.18750
1304 0.260417 43.05556 3.75000 -0.28125
1305 2.222222 43.05556 3.75000 -1.17500
1307 0.260417 43.05556 2.25000 -0.28125
1308 2.222222 43.05556 2.25000 -1.17500
1310 0.260417 43.05556 0.75000 -0.28125
1311 2.222222 43.05556 0.75000 -1.17500
1313 0.260417 43.05556 -0.75000 -0.28125
1314 2.222222 43.05556 -0.75000 -1.17500
1316 0.260417 43.05556 -2.25000 -0.28125
1317 2.222222 43.05556 -2.25000 -1.17500
1319 0.260417 43.05556 -3.75000 -0.28125
1320 2.222222 43.05556 -3.75000 -1.17500
1322 0.520833 45.83333 4.25000 -0.18750
1323 0.260417 45.83333 3.87500 -0.18750
1324 0.260417 45.83333 3.62500 -0.18750
1325 0.520833 45.83333 3.25000 -0.18750
1326 0.520833 45.83333 2.75000 -0.18750
1327 0.260417 45.83333 2.37500 -0.18750
1328 0.260417 45.83333 2.12500 -0.18750
1329 0.520833 45.83333 1.75000 -0.18750
Page 154

m3 m m m
1330 0.520833 45.83333 1.25000 -0.18750
1331 0.260417 45.83333 0.87500 -0.18750
1332 0.260417 45.83333 0.62500 -0.18750
1333 0.520833 45.83333 0.25000 -0.18750
1334 0.520833 45.83333 -0.25000 -0.18750
1335 0.260417 45.83333 -0.62500 -0.18750
1336 0.260417 45.83333 -0.87500 -0.18750
1337 0.520833 45.83333 -1.25000 -0.18750
1338 0.520833 45.83333 -1.75000 -0.18750
1339 0.260417 45.83333 -2.12500 -0.18750
1340 0.260417 45.83333 -2.37500 -0.18750
1341 0.520833 45.83333 -2.75000 -0.18750
1342 0.520833 45.83333 -3.25000 -0.18750
1343 0.260417 45.83333 -3.62500 -0.18750
1344 0.260417 45.83333 -3.87500 -0.18750
1345 0.520833 45.83333 -4.25000 -0.18750
1346 0.260417 45.83333 3.75000 -0.28125
1347 2.222222 45.83333 3.75000 -1.17500
1349 0.260417 45.83333 2.25000 -0.28125
1350 2.222222 45.83333 2.25000 -1.17500
1352 0.260417 45.83333 0.75000 -0.28125
1353 2.222222 45.83333 0.75000 -1.17500
1355 0.260417 45.83333 -0.75000 -0.28125
1356 2.222222 45.83333 -0.75000 -1.17500
1358 0.260417 45.83333 -2.25000 -0.28125
1359 2.222222 45.83333 -2.25000 -1.17500
1361 0.260417 45.83333 -3.75000 -0.28125
1362 2.222222 45.83333 -3.75000 -1.17500
1364 0.520833 48.61111 4.25000 -0.18750
1365 0.260417 48.61111 3.87500 -0.18750
1366 0.260417 48.61111 3.62500 -0.18750
1367 0.520833 48.61111 3.25000 -0.18750
1368 0.520833 48.61111 2.75000 -0.18750
1369 0.260417 48.61111 2.37500 -0.18750
1370 0.260417 48.61111 2.12500 -0.18750
1371 0.520833 48.61111 1.75000 -0.18750
1372 0.520833 48.61111 1.25000 -0.18750
1373 0.260417 48.61111 0.87500 -0.18750
1374 0.260417 48.61111 0.62500 -0.18750
1375 0.520833 48.61111 0.25000 -0.18750
1376 0.520833 48.61111 -0.25000 -0.18750
1377 0.260417 48.61111 -0.62500 -0.18750
1378 0.260417 48.61111 -0.87500 -0.18750
1379 0.520833 48.61111 -1.25000 -0.18750
1380 0.520833 48.61111 -1.75000 -0.18750
1381 0.260417 48.61111 -2.12500 -0.18750
1382 0.260417 48.61111 -2.37500 -0.18750
1383 0.520833 48.61111 -2.75000 -0.18750
1384 0.520833 48.61111 -3.25000 -0.18750
1385 0.260417 48.61111 -3.62500 -0.18750
1386 0.260417 48.61111 -3.87500 -0.18750
1387 0.520833 48.61111 -4.25000 -0.18750
1388 0.260417 48.61111 3.75000 -0.28125
1389 2.222222 48.61111 3.75000 -1.17500
Page 155

m3 m m m
1391 0.260417 48.61111 2.25000 -0.28125
1392 2.222222 48.61111 2.25000 -1.17500
1394 0.260417 48.61111 0.75000 -0.28125
1395 2.222222 48.61111 0.75000 -1.17500
1397 0.260417 48.61111 -0.75000 -0.28125
1398 2.222222 48.61111 -0.75000 -1.17500
1400 0.260417 48.61111 -2.25000 -0.28125
1401 2.222222 48.61111 -2.25000 -1.17500
1403 0.260417 48.61111 -3.75000 -0.28125
1404 2.222222 48.61111 -3.75000 -1.17500
Table 6: Area Section Assignments

Area Section MatProp
2 ASEC2 Default
3 ASEC2 Default
4 ASEC2 Default
5 ASEC2 Default
6 ASEC2 Default
7 ASEC2 Default
8 ASEC2 Default
9 ASEC2 Default
10 ASEC2 Default
11 ASEC2 Default
12 ASEC2 Default
13 ASEC2 Default
14 ASEC2 Default
15 ASEC2 Default
16 ASEC2 Default
17 ASEC2 Default
18 ASEC2 Default
19 ASEC2 Default
20 ASEC2 Default
21 ASEC2 Default
22 ASEC2 Default
23 ASEC2 Default
24 ASEC2 Default
25 ASEC2 Default
26 ASEC2 Default
27 ASEC2 Default
29 ASEC2 Default
30 ASEC2 Default
32 ASEC2 Default
33 ASEC2 Default
35 ASEC2 Default
36 ASEC2 Default
38 ASEC2 Default
39 ASEC2 Default
41 ASEC2 Default
42 ASEC2 Default
Page 156

44 ASEC2 Default
45 ASEC2 Default
46 ASEC2 Default
47 ASEC2 Default
48 ASEC2 Default
49 ASEC2 Default
50 ASEC2 Default
51 ASEC2 Default
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Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge at Prince Metib Servicereport

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Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge at Prince Metib Servicereport

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Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University

Design of Post-Tensioned Concrete Bridge At Prince Metib

(Senior Design Project)

Course Number: ASSE 4311

Student Names & ID:

1. Faisal AlDubaikel – 201400354

1. Eng. Mohammad Nayeemuddin

Dr. Andi Asiz

𝑪𝒕𝒐𝒑 Top Cover

𝑪𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 Bottom Cover

𝒇′𝒄 Concrete Compression Strength

𝒇𝒚 Yielding Strength of Concrete

𝒇𝒄𝒊 Initial Limit Compression Force

𝒇𝒕𝒊 Initial Limit Tension Force

𝒇𝒄𝒔 Final Limit Compression Force

𝒇𝒕𝒔 Final Limit Tension Force

𝒔𝒃 Bottom Section Modulus

𝒔𝒕 Top Section Modulus

𝒇𝒕𝒐𝒑 Top Force on Girder

𝒇𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 Bottom Force on Girder

Asphalt + Concrete Slab + Girder Self-

F” Truck Load on Pier Cap

F”’ Lane Load on Pier Cap

𝑭𝒖 Factored Force on Pier Cap

𝑷𝑫 Design Wind Pressure

𝑷𝑩 Basic Wind Pressure

𝑽𝑫𝒁 Design Wind Speed

𝑽𝟎 Design Wind Speed at Hight 0

𝑽𝟑𝟎 Design Wind Speed at Hight 30

𝑽𝑩 Regional Basic Wind Speed

Z Hight Above Average Ground Level

𝝀 Normal Weight of Concrete

PGA Peak Ground Acceleration

R.Q.D Rock Quality Designation

𝒒𝒖 Ultimate Bearing Capacity

Fcs, Fqs, Fs Shape Factors

Fcd, Fqd, Fd Depth Factors

Fci, Fqi, Fi Inclination Factors

𝑵𝒒 , 𝑵𝜸 , 𝑵𝒊 Bearing Capacity Factors

𝑰𝒛 Polar Moment of Inertia

1.2. Project Objectives

1.3. Scope of the Report

1.4. Description of the Project

Figure 1.1. Bridge Location (Google.Retrieved February 04, 2018, from

Figure 1.1. Top and Side View of the Bridge

Figure 1.2. Top View of the Bridge

Figure 1.3. Top View of the Bridge

Figure 1.4. Side View of the Bridge

CHAPTER 2: Bridges In Brief

2.3. Types of Bridges

 Types of the material used in the construction.

 Load path Characteristics.

 Purpose and usage.

2.4. Categorization Based On Construction Material

2.4.1. Concrete Bridges

2.4.2. Steel Bridges

2.4.3. Timber Bridges

2.5. Composite Bridges

2.6. Classification By Span Length

2.6.1. Short Span Bridges

Short span bridges = 6 – 38 meters.

2.6.2. Medium Span Bridges

Medium span bridges= 38 – 122 meters.