Capitol University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Corrales/Osmena St., Cagayan De Oro City

ME 22 (Industrial Plant Engineering)

Name: Roland A. Quiao Date Submitted: Feb./01/2021

Instructor: Dr. Antonio-Abdu Sami Magomnang

1. Air enters an adiabatic drier at 609 cm/s through a 183-cm diameter duct at 21 C db and
16 C wb. It is heated to 79.5 C before reaching the material to be dried and leaves the drier
at 43 C and 70% RH. The material enters at 21 C with a moisture content of 24% and
leaves with a moisture content of 8%. Determine:
a. The rate of water removal in kg H2O per kg of dry air
b. The volumetric flow rate of the air entering the preheater in L/s.
c. The number of kilograms of water evaporated per hour.
d. The number of kilograms of material leaving the dryer per hour
e. The heat requirement of the dryer per kg of water evaporated.

Given:

cm 1m m
 = 609 x = 6.09
s 100 cm s
1m
D= 183 cm x = 1.83 m
100 cm
From point 1 using psychrometric chart

kJ
h1= h @ 21°C Tdb & 16°C Twb = 44.72
kg
kg water vapor
ω1= ω @ 21°C Tdb & 16°C Twb = 0.0093
kg dry air

m3
v1= v @ 21°C Tdb & 16°C Twb = 0.846
kg
From point 2 using steam table
kJ
h2= hg @ 79.5°C Tdb2 = 2642.86 (from steam interpolation)
kg
kg water vapor
ω2= ω1= 0.0093
kg dry air
 h2= cpTdb2 + ω2 hg2
kJ kg water vapor kJ
=(1.005 )(79.5°C) + (0.0093 )(2642.86 )
kg . ° C kg dry air kg
kJ
h2= 104.476
kg
From point 3 using psychrometric chart
Pd3= Pd @ 43°C Tddb3 & 70% RH3 = 8.649 kPa
Pv= RH3Pd3

= (0.70)(8.649 kPa)
Pv= 6.0543 kPa
0.622(Pv)
ω3=
Pt −Pv
0.622(6.0543)
ω3=
101.325−6.0543
kg water vapor
ω3= 0.03953
kg dry air
Req’d:

a.) mw (mass of water removed in kg H2O per kg of dry air)

L
b.) V (volumetric flow rate in s )
c.) ṁ (mass flow rate of water evaporated per hour)
d.) m5 (mass of the material leaving the dryer per hour)
e.) Qrequired (heat requirement per kg of water evaporated)
Sol’n:
a.) mass of water removed in kg H2O per kg of dry air
mw= ω3- ω2
kg water vapor kg water vapor
= (0.03953 - 0.0093 )
kg dry air kg dry air

mw= 0.03023
kg water vapor
kg dry air L
b.) volumetric flow rate in
s
π 2
V= D 
4
π m
= (1.83m)2 (6.09 )
4 s
 m3 1000 L
V= 16.018 x
s 1 m3
V = 16,018
L
s
c.) mass flow rate of water evaporated per hour
V̇
ṁ= ṁa(ω3- ω1)= (ω3- ω1)
v
m3
16.018
s kg water vapor kg water vapor
= 3 (0.03952 - 0.0093 )
m kg dry air kg dry air
0.846
kg
kg water 3600 s
ṁ= 0.5722 x
s 1hr
ṁ= 2059.92
kg water
hr
d.) mass of the material leaving the dryer per hour

ṁ5(1-XB)final= m4(1-XA)initial

where:
Xa (moisture content of the material entering)=24%
Xb (moisture content of the material leaving) =8%

(1− X b )
ṁ4 = ṁ 5 
(1− X a )

(1−0.08)
ṁ4 = ṁ 5  
(1−0.24)
ṁ4= 1.21ṁ5

but:

ṁ4 - ṁ5 = ṁa(ω3- ω2)

kg water
1.21ṁ5 - ṁ5= 2059.92
hr
kg water
0.21ṁ5= 2059.92
hr
kg water
2059.92
ṁ5 = hr
0.21

ṁ5=9809.14
kg water
hr
 e.) heat requirement per kg of water evaporated
ṁa( h2−h 1)
Qrequired=
ṁ a(ω 3−ω 2)
kJ kJ
=
( 104.476
kg
– 44.72 )
kg
kg water
0.03023
kg dry air
kJ
Qrequired=1976.71
kg water

2. Two hundred twenty-seven kg of air per hour is saturated at 49oC, then heated to 116.7oC,
passed through an adiabatic drier and discharged at 59oC. Determine each of the following:
a. Total kg of H2O in air before heating, per hour 
b. Final kg of H2O in air when discharged, per hour 
c. Water evaporated from material in drier, kg/hr 
d. Relative humidity of air leaving drier 
e. Dew point of air leaving drier 
f. Percentage of saturation of air leaving drier 
g. Number of liters per minute of air before drying. 

SOLUTION:
@1 TDB= 49 °C ; RH = 100%

Using Psychrometric Chart

KJ kg
h1 =260.77 ; ω 1=ω 2=0.0816
kg kg
A.) Total kg of H2O in air before heating, per hour 

kg kg kg w
ω 1=0.0816 × 227 =18.52
kg hr hr
@ TDB= 59 °C ; RH = 100%

Using Psychrometric Chart

kg
ω 3=0.1439
kg
B.) Final kg of H2O in air when discharged, per hour

kg kg kgw
ω 3=0.1439 × 227 =32.66
kg hr hr
C.) Water evaporated from material in drier, kg/hr 
kgw kgw kg w
m WE=ω 3−ω 2=32.66 −18.52 =14.1421
hr hr hr
D.) Relative humidity of air leaving the drier 
RH 3=100 % Since it passed through an adiabatic drier.

E.) Dew point of air leaving the drier 

( 100−RH ) ( 100−100 )
T d 3=T − =59− =59° C
5 5

F.) Percentage of saturation of air leaving the drier 

Percentage of saturation of air leaving drier is 100% since it is saturated.
G.) Number of liters per minute of air before drying.
@1 TDB= 49 °C

m3 1000 L 227 kg 1hr L of Dry Air

v f =0.0010116 × 3
× × =3.83
kg 1m hr 60 min min

3. Compute the quantity of fuel oil required by a rotary sand dryer when the desired hourly
output is 10 metric tons with 1.0% moisture from a wet sand feed having 6% moisture.
Heating value of the fuel is 40,133 kJ per liter. Thermal efficiency of dryer=60%.
Temperature of the wet sand, 29.4oC. Specific heat of sand=0.879 kJ/kg-K.

Given: XA= 0.06 e = 60%

XB= 0.01 Twet sand= 29.4 C

kj kj
HHV= 40,133 Cp sand= 0.879
L kg K
Solution:
MB= XB (GWB)
kg
=0.01 (10,000 )
hr
kg
=100
hr
BDW = GWB – MB
kj kj
= 10,000 – 100
kg kg
kg
= 9,900
hr
 BDW
GWA =
1−X A

kg
9900
= hr
1−0.06
kg
GWA = 10,531.9149
hr

MA = XA (GWA)
kg
= 0.06 (10,531.9149 )
hr
kg
= 631.9149
hr
MR = MA - MB
kg kg
= 631.9149 – 100
hr hr
kg
MR = 531.9149
hr

Sensible heat to raise temperature of sand from 29.4 C to 100 C

Q1 = BDW Cp sand T
kg kj
= (9,900 ) (0.879 ) (100 - 29.4) K
hr kg K
kj
Q1 = 614,386.26
hr

Sensible heat to raise temperature of water from 29.4 C to 100 C

Q2 = MA Cp water T
kg kj
= (631.9149 ) (4.18 ) (100 - 29.4) K
hr kg K
kj
Q2 = 186,483.1423
hr

Latent heat vaporize the moisture from the steam table @100 C
 kj
Hg = 2,675.84
kg
Q3 = MR (hg)
kg kj
= (531.9149 ) (2675.84 )
hr kg
kj
Q3 = 1,423,331.207
hr

Sensible heat to raise temperature of water of the product from moisture to 100 C

Q4 = MB Cpw T
kg kj
= (100 ) (4.18 ) (100-29.4) K
hr kg K
kj
Q4 = 29,510.8
hr
Total heat requirement of the system
QT= Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4
kj kj kj kj
= 614,386.26 + 186,483.1423 + 1,423,331.207 + 29,510.8
hr hr hr hr
kj
QT = 2,253,693.41
hr
QT
=
m f (HHV )

kj
2,253,693.41
hr
0.06=
kj
mf (40,133 )
L
L
m f = 935.93
hr
4. A rotary dryer fired with bunker oil of 10,000 kcal / kg heating value (HHV) is to produce
20 metric tons per hour of dried sand with 0.5% moisture from a wet feed containing 7%
moisture. Specific heat of sand is 0.21 BTU/lb-ºR. Temperature of wet sand is 30 ºC and the
temperature of dried product is 115 ºC Determine:
a. Weight of wet feed
b. Weight of water to be removed in kg / hr
c. The heat required
d. The liters of bunker oil per hour if specific gravity of bunker oil is 0.9 and dryer efficiency
is 60%
Given:

kg
GWB = 20,000 t A = 30 C
hr
X B = 0.005 t B = 115 C
Btu Kcal
X A = 0.07 C P = 0.21 = 0.21
lb R kg K
Kcal
SG = 0.90 HHV = 10,000
kg
e = 60%

Solution:
M B = X B(GWB)

kg
= 0.005 (20,000 )
hr
kg
M B = 100
hr
BDW = GWB – MB
kg kg
M B = 20,000 – 100
hr hr

kg
BDW = 19,900
hr

BDW 19,900 kg/ hr

GWA = =
1−X A 1−0.07

kg
GWA = 21397.8495
hr

MA = X A (GWA)

kg
= 0.07(21397.8495 )
hr

kg
= 1497.8495
hr

kg kg
MR = MA – MB = 1497.8495 – 100
hr hr

kg
MR = 1397.8495
hr

Sensible heat to raise temperature of sand from 30 to 100ºC

Q 1= BDW (C P) (T V -T i)

kg Kcal
= 19,900 (0.21 ) (100 - 30) K
hr kg K
kcal
Q 1=292,530
hr

Q 2 = ḿw C p w (T v -T t)

kg kcal
Q 2 = (1,497.8495 ) (1.0 ) (100-30) K
hr kg . K
kcal
Q 2= 104,849.465
hr
Latent heat to vaporize the moisture
q 3 = MR (hv)

From steam table at 100 ºC

kcal
hv = 539.0599
kg
kg kcal
Q 3 = (1,397.8495 ) (539.0599 )
hr kg
kcal
= 753,524.567
hr
Sensible heat to raise temperature of sand from 100 to 115ºC
Q 4 = ḿ s C p S (T f -T v )

kg kcal kcal
Q 4 = (19,900 ) (0.21 ) (115 -100) K = 62,685
hr kg . K h
Sensible heat to raise temperature of water in the product from 100 to 115ºC
Q 5 = ḿw C p w (T f -T v )

kg kcal kcal
Q 5 = (1,497.8495 -1,397.8495) (1.0 ) (115 - 100) K = 1,500
hr kg . K hr
Total heat requirement of the system
QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5

kcal kcal kcal kcal kcal

Q T = (292,530 )+(104,849.465 )+ (753,524.567 )+( 62,685 )+(1,500
hr hr hr hr hr
)
kcal
Q T = 1,215,089.032
hr
 Q
e=
mf ( HHV )
Q 1
mf = X
(HHV ) e
kcal
1,215,089.032
hr 1
m fuel = X
kcal 0.60
10,000
kg
kg
= 202.5148
hr
ρSAND
SG =
ρWATER

kg
ρ = 0.90(100 )
m3
kg
ρ = 900
m3
m 202.51kg /hr
v= =
ρ 900 kg ¿ m 3

m3 1000 L
v = 0.225 ( )
hr 1 m 3
L
v = 225
hr
5.) A dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hr of palay with a final moisture content of 10%. The initial
moisture content in the feed is 15% at atmospheric conditions with 32oC db and 21oC wb.
The dryer is maintained at 45oC while the relative humidity of the hot humid air from the
dryer is 80%. If the stream pressure supplied to the heater is 2 MPa, determine the following:
a. Palay Supplied to the dryer in kg/hr
b. Temperature of the hot humid air from the dryer
c. Air supplied to the dryer in m3/hr
d. Heat supplied by the heater in KW
e. Steam supplied to the heater in kg/h

Given:

kg
GWpalay= 1000
hr
Xfinal= 10%= 0.1
Xinitial= 15%= 0.15

From point 1 using psychrometric chart where the humidity of air entering the heater
 kg water vapor
ω1= ω @ 32°C Tdb & 21°C Twb = 0.0115
kg dry air
From point 1 using psychrometric chart where the specific volume of dry air entering
the heater

ft 3
v1= v @ @ 32°C Tdb & 21°C Twb =13.8
lbdry air
From point 1 to point 2 using psychrometric chart where the humidity of air entering
the heater since only sensible heating is involved in the dryer

kg water vapor
ω2= ω1= 0.0115
kg dry air
From point 1 to point 2 using psychrometric chart where the wet bulb temperature of
the air inside the dryer
kg water vapor
Twb2= Twb @ 45°C Tdb and 0.0115 ω2= 23.61°C
kg dry air
From point 2 to point 3 using psychrometric chart where the wet bulb temperature of
air leaving the dryer and temperature of air leaving the dryer
Twb3=Twb2= 23.61°C
T3= T @ 80%RH and 23.61°C Twb3= 26.68°C

From point 2 to point 3 using psychrometric chart where the humidity of air leaving
the dryer
kg water vapor
ω3= ω @ 80%RH and 23.61°C Twb3= 0.0172
kg dry air
Required:
kg
a.) Gross Weight (GWa) of Palay supplied to the dryer in
hr
b.) T3 (Temperature of the hot humid air from the dryer)
m3
c.) Vair (Air supplied to the dryer in )
hr
d.) Qinput (heat supplied by the heater in kW)
kg
e.) Steam Requirement to the heater in
hr
Solution:
kg
a.) Gross Weight (GWa) of Palay supplied to the dryer in
hr
 BDW
GWA=
1−X initial
Where:
MBmoisture = Xfinal x GWpalay
kg
=0.10 x 1000
hr
kg
MBmoisture =100
hr
BDW= GWpalay – MBmoisture
kg kg
= 1000 – 100
hr hr
kg
BDW=900
hr
kg
900
GWA= hr
1−0.15

kg
GWA= 1058.8235
hr
b.) Temperature of the hot humid air from the dryer
Since the temperature of the hot humid air from the dryer has been found out
from the psychrometric chart where the temperature of air leaves the dryer,
Therefore

T3= T @ 80%RH and 23.61°C Twb3= 26.68°C

m3
c.) Air supplied to the dryer in
hr
Vair= mair x Vhumid

Where:
Mremoved
mair=
ω 3−ω 2
ma= Xinitial(GWA)
kg
=0.15(1058.8235 )
hr
kg
ma=158.8235
hr

Mremoved=ma-mb
kg kg
=158.8235 - 100
hr hr
 kg
Mremoved=58.8235
hr

kg water vapor
58.8235
hr
mair=
kg water vapor
(0.0172−0.0115)
kg dry air
kg dry air
mair= 10,319.9123
hr

ω 1 RT 1
Vhumid= v1 +
P1
ft 3
Vhumid= 13.8 +[
lbdry air
lb water vapor ft 2 water vapor . atm
0.0115 ( 0.7302 )(549.6 ° R)
lb dry air lb mol . water . K
]
lb water vapor
1 atm(18 )
lb mol . water

1 lbdry air
3
ft dry air ft 3 dry air
Vhumid= 14.0564 x
lb dry air 16.0185 kg dry air
m 3 dry air
3
m dry air
Vhumid=0.8775
kg dry air

kg dry air m3 dry air

Vair= 10319.9123 x 0.8775
hr kg dry air
Vair= = 9055.8286
m3 dry air
hr
d.) Qinput= Qair= GWAChumid(Tdb2 – Tdb1)

Where:
(Cp)humid= (cp)air + ω(cp)w
kJ kg water vapor kJ
=1.005 + (0.0115 )(4.187 )
kg ° C kg dry air kg ° C
kJ
(Cp)humid=0.244
kg ° C
kg dry air kJ
=10,319.9123 (0.244 )(45-32) °C
hr kg ° C
1 kW
kcal 1 hr
Qinput= Qair= 32,734.7618 x x kcal
hr 60 min 14.34
min
Qinput= Qair=38.046 kW
Qinput=Qair= 38.046 kW
 kg
e.) Steam Requirement to the heater in
hr

Qinput=S λ

From Steam Table @ 2MPA

kcal
λ = 451.6329
kg

kcal
32,734.7618
hr
S=
kcal
451.6329
kg kg
S=72.4809
hr