Power Resulted From Nozzle

Example 1

A large lawn sprinkler with four identical arms is to be converted into a turbine to generate
electric power by attaching a generator to its rotating head. Water enters the sprinkler from
the base along the axis of rotation at a rate of 20L/s and leaves the nozzles in the tangential
direction. The sprinkler rotates at a rate 200 rpm in a horizontal plane. The diameter of each
jet is 1cm, and the normal distance between the axis of rotation and the centre of each nozzle
is 0.6 m. estimate the electric power produced.

Solution

m total v
In this case of the nozzle m nozzle = or v nozzle= total since the density of water is constant.
4 4
The average jet exit velocity relative is
L
5
v nozzle s
v jet , r= =
Ajet ¿ ¿ ¿
The angular and tangential velocities of the nozzle are

ω=2 πn=2 π ( 300minrev )( 160mins )=31.42 rad /s

rad
=rω=( 0.6 m ) ( 31.42
s )
v nozzle =18.85 m/s

The average absolute velocity of the water jet is the vector sum of its relative velocity and
absolute nozzle velocity,
⃗v jet =⃗v jet ,r + ⃗v nozzle

⃗v jet =⃗v jet ,r −⃗v nozzle =63.66-18.85=44.81 m/s

To find angular momentum equation, ∑ m=¿ ∑ rmV −¿ ∑ rmV ¿ ¿.In this case, the angular
¿ out
momentum equation is about the axis of the rotation is
1N
T shaft =rmtotal v jet = (0.6m) (20kg/s) (44.81m/s) ( 1kg .m/ s ¿ =537.7 N.m Then
the power generate becomes

rad 1 kW
W =ω T shaft = 31.42 ( s )
( 537.7 N . m )
( 1000 N .
m
)
=16.9 kW
s
Example 2

The water accelerated by a nozzle to 35 m/s strikes the vertical back surface of a cart moving
horizontally at a constant velocity of 10 m/s in the flow direction. The mass of the flow rate
of water through the stationary nozzle is 30 kg/s. after the strike, the water stream splatters of
in all directions in the plane of the back surface.

A) Determine the forces that need to be applied by the brakes by the cart to prevent it from
accelerating.

B) if this force were used to generate power instead of wasting it on the brakes, determine the
maximum amount of power that could ideally be generated.

Solution

V R=V jet −V cart =35−10=25 m/s

25 m
V s 30 kg
mr = r m jet=
V jet
35
m s ( )
=21.43 kg /s
s

The momentum equation in this case is

∑ ⃗F =∑ βm ⃗V −∑¿ βm ⃗V → F Rx=−m i V i → F brake =−m r V r

out

Therefore,

1N
F brake=−m r V r =-(21.43kg/s)(+25m/s) ( ¿=−536 N
1kg .m/ s2

The negative sign means the brake force acts in the opposite direction.

b) Noting that work is force times distance and the distance travelled by the cart per unit time
is the cart velocity, the power wasted by the brakes is

( ms )( 1 1NW. m )=5.36 kW
W =Fbrake V cart =( 535.6 N ) 10
s