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Mathematics Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 5
Finding the Common Factors, Greatest Common Factor
(GCF), Common Multiples and Least Common Multiples (LCM)
of Two Numbers Using the Following Methods: Listing, Prime
Factorization, and Continuous Division

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics 4
Activity Sheet No. 5
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Development Team of Mathematics Activity Sheet

Writer: Jennefer D. De Mateo

Content Editor: Elexelle Lyn I. De Mariano
Rely S. Fernandez
Maria Fe U. Bunan
Division of Aklan Management Team:
Miguel Mac D. Aposin, CESO V
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Regional Management Team:
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Rhodalyn G. Delcano
 Quarter 2
Week 2
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 5
Name of Learner: _______________________ Grade & Section: _______________
Date: _______________________

FINDING THE COMMON FACTORS, GREATEST COMMON FACTORS (GCF),

COMMON MULTIPLES AND LEAST COMMON MULTIPLES (LCM) OF TWO
NUMBERS USING THE FOLLOWING METHODS: LISTING, PRIME
FACTORIZATION, AND CONTINUOUS DIVISION

I. LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE:

Day1 & 2: Finds the common factors, greatest common factor (GCF), common
multiples and least common multiples (LCM) of two numbers using
the following methods: listing, prime factorization, and continuous
division. (M4NS-IIb-67)

II. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

These activity sheets are about finding the common factors, greatest
common factor (GCF), common multiples, and Least Common Multiples (LCM) of
2 numbers using the following methods: Listing, prime factorization, and
continuous division. In this lesson, you will learn how to find GCF and LCM using
different methods. You will also learn how to solve real life problems using these
skills. The word common means the intersection of two things of certain qualities
or relations belonging to more than one object.
Common factors of two numbers are factors that are the same.
Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of two numbers is the greater number that
is a factor of both.
Common multiple is a whole number that is shared multiple of each set of
numbers.
Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two numbers is the smallest number that
is divisible by both numbers.
Read the situations below and study the procedures of how to solve them.

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EXAMPLE
Alvin has 12 guavas and Elorde has 18 guavas. They will give these guavas to their
friends. What is the greatest possible number of guavas each of their friends gets if
Alvin and Elorde will give the same number of guavas?

Let us solve the problem using the steps.

1. Understand

What is ask in the problem?

The greatest number guavas each of their friends gets
What are the given facts?
12 guavas of Alvin, 18 guavas of Elorde

2. Plan

What strategy can we use to solve the problem?

To solve the problem, let us illustrate.

Alvin - 12

6 guavas 6 guavas

Elorde - 18

6 guavas 6 guavas 6 guavas

Each of their friends will get 6 guavas.

We can also solve this problem using the Common Factors and Greatest
Common Factor (GCF). To find the Common Factors and GCF, we can use
any of the following methods.

Method 1: Listing Method

To find the GCF using the Listing Method, the following steps must be followed.

Step 1. List the factors.

Example: 12 and 18

Factors of 12 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 ,18

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Step 2. Encircle the pairs of common factors of 12 and 18.

12 = 1, , 2 , 3 , 4, 6 , 12
18 = 1,, 2 , 3 , 6 , 9, 18

Step 3. List down all the common factors.

The common factors are: 1, 2, 3, and 6

Step 4. From the list of common factors, get the highest or the greatest
common factors.

Therefore, the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of 12 and 18 is 6.

Thus, the greatest number of guavas that Alvin and Elorde share with
their friends is 6.

Method 2: Finding the Common Factors and GCF through Prime

Factorization

Using Factor Tree

The following are the steps:

Step 1: Give the prime factors of each number.

12 18

2 x 6 2 x 9

2 x
3 3 x 3

Step 2. List down all the prime factors.

The prime factors of 12 are 2 x 2 x 3.

The prime factors of 18 are 2 x 3 x 3.

Step 3. Multiply the common factors

12 2 x 2 x 3
18 2 x 3 x 3
GCF 2 x 3 =6

2 x 3 = 6.

So, the GCF of 12 and 18 is 6.

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Method 3. Finding the GCF Using Continuous Division

To find the GCF using Continuous Division, the following are the steps:

Example. 12 and 18

Step 1: Write the numbers horizontally.

12 18

Step 2: Find a prime number that can divide both 12 and 18.

2 12 18
Step 3: Divide both the numbers by the prime number ( 2). Write the
quotient below.

2 12 18
6 9
Step 4: Continue the process until no other prime number is
common.
The next prime number is ( 3).

2 12 18
3 6 9
2 3
Step 5: Multiply the common divisors ( 2 and 3 ) to get the Greatest
Common Factor.
GCF = 2 x 3 = 6

Therefore, the GCF of 12 and 18 is 6.

Read another situation and study how to solve it.

Plane A flies to Iloilo every 4 days and Plane B flies to Iloilo every 6
days. If both planes are in Iloilo on December 8, what is the earliest
date that both planes will be in Iloilo again?

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Let us solve the problems using the steps;
1. Understand
What is asked in the problem?
Earliest date that both planes will be in Iloilo.
What are the given facts?
Plane A flies every 4 days, Plane B flies every 6 days, Dec. 8,
they were together in Iloilo.
2. Plan
What will you do to find the answer?
To solve the problem, we will make a table
Number of Days
Plane A 4 8 12 16 20 24
Plane B 6 12 18 24 30 36

The least common multiple of 4 and 6 is 12. This means that on 12 days,
Plane A and B will be in Iloilo. To know the exact date, we will add 12 to
December 8. 8 + 12 =20
Since, 8 + 12 = 20, then 12 days after December 8 is December 20.
So, Plane A and B will be together in Iloilo on December 20.

This type of problem can also be solve using the Common Multiples and
Least Common Multiple (LCM).
To find the Common Multiples and Least Common Multiples (LCM)
of the numbers, the following methods can be used.

Method 1: By Listing Method: (also known as skip counting)

The following are the steps:

Step 1: Write the multiples of each number.

multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24
multiples of 6: 6, 12, 16, 24, 30, 36
Step 2: List down all common multiples.
The Common Multiples are 12 and 24.
Step 3: From the list of common multiples, get the least common
multiple.

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 The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is 12.

Method 2: By Prime Factorization

Using Factor Tree

Step 1. Factor each given number using its prime factors.

4 6

2 x 2 2 x 3

Step 2. List down all the prime factors.

prime factors of 4 = 2 x 2 prime factors of 6 = 2 x 3

Step 3. Multiply the common factors and the remaining prime

factors
4 2 x 2
6 2 x 3
LCM 2 x 2 x 3 = 12

Therefore, the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6 is 12.

Method 3. By using Continuous Division

To find the Common Multiple and LCM using continuous Division

Step 1: Write the numbers horizontally.
4 , 6

Step 2: Find a prime number that can divide both 4 and 6.

2 4, 6

Step 3: Divide both the numbers by the prime number ( 2). Write
The quotient below.
2 4 , 6
2 3
Step 4: Multiply the common divisors ( 2 ) and both the
remainders ( 2 and 3 ) to get the Least Common Multiple.
LCM = 2 x 3 x 2 = 12

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III. ACCOMPANYING DEPED TEXTBOOK

Mathematics 4 Learner’s Materials, pages 89 - 96

Math World 4, pages 226 – 245

IV. ACTIVITY PROPER

Day 1

1. Activities/Exercises

Exercise 1

Directions: List all the factors of each number. Then, find the common
factors and greatest common factor of each pair of number. Write
your answers on your answer sheet. (Item 1 is provided for you).

1. 20 = 1, 2 , 4 , 5, 10, 20
28 = 1, 2 , 4 , 7, 14, 28

Common Factors: 1, 2, 4 GCF: 4

2.14 = ______________________________________________________
21 = ______________________________________________________
Common Factors: ________________________GCF: ______________
3.42 = ______________________________________________________
49 = ______________________________________________________
Common Factors: _________________________GCF: ______________
4. 50 = ______________________________________________________
75 = ______________________________________________________
Common Factors: _________________________ GCF: _____________
5. 32 = ______________________________________________________
64 = ______________________________________________________
Common Factors: __________________________ GCF: ____________

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 Exercise 2

Directions: Find the Greatest Common Factors of the following sets of

numbers using Factor Tree. Write your answers on a separate piece of
paper.

1. 12 and 20
2. 18 and 24
3. 15 and 35
4. 21 and 42
5. 12 and 36
Exercise 3

Directions: Determine the GCF of the following sets of numbers. Write your
answers on a separate piece of paper.

1. 2.
2 36 54 2 42 56
3 18 27 GCF: 7 21 28 GCF:
3 6 9 3 4
2 3

3. 4.
2 12 16 5 30 45
2 6 8 GCF: 3 6 9 GCF:
3 4 2 3
5.
2 24 40
2 12 20 GCF:
2 6 10
3 5

2. Guide Questions

a. What are the different methods in finding the GCF and LMC?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

b. How do you find LCM and GCF using Factor tree? Listing Method?
Continuous Division Method? Prime factorization?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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Day 2

1. Activities/Exercises

Exercise 1

Directions: List down the first 10 multiples of each number. Then, find the
common multiples and least common multiple of each pair of number.
Write your answers on your answer sheet. (Item 1 is provided for you).

1. 7= 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70

14 = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 , 126, 140

Common Multiples: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 LCM: 14

2. 5 = ________________________________________________________
7 = ________________________________________________________
Common Multiples: ________________________LCM: ______________

3. 9 = ________________________________________________________
12 = ________________________________________________________
Common Multiples: ________________________ LCM: ______________

4. 6 = ________________________________________________________
14 = _______________________________________________________
Common Multiples: _________________________LCM: ______________

5. 10 = ________________________________________________________
15 = ________________________________________________________
Common Multiples: _________________________LCM: ______________

Exercise 2

Directions: Find the Least Common Multiples of the following sets of numbers
using Factor Tree. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper.

1. 12 and 16
2. 9 and 12
3. 6 and 9
4. 12 and 36
5. 15 and 45

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 Exercise 3

Directions: Determine the LCM of the following sets of numbers. Write your
answer on a separate piece of paper.

1. 2 16 24
2 8 12 LCM: ________
2 4 6
2 3

2.
3 18 27
3 6 9 LCM: ________
2 3

3. 5 25 40
5 8 LCM: ________

4. 2 24 32
2 12 16 LCM: ________
2 6 8
3 4

5. 1 7 15
7 15 LCM: ________

2. Guide Questions:

a. What are the different methods in finding the LCM?

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
b. How do you find LCM using Factor tree? Listing Method? Continuous
Division Method? Prime factorization?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________+

V. REFLECTION

1. What are your learnings from the activities? Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
_____________________________________________________________

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VI. ANSWER KEY:

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