Nouns

Ibu..
Ayah....
Milk....

Person Thing

nouns
Nn t Idea
Place

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 So, can you find other nouns
in your school compound?

Next, we are going to look how English grammar differenciate

“One” and “more”

Singular Plural +s

For the plural form of most nouns, we add s

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

bag bags
desk desks
teacher teachers

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Besides that, you may find several nouns that end in ch, x, s or s sounds . In
this case, you need to add es

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

watch watches
box boxes
moss mosses
bus buses

For nouns ending in f or fe, change to f to v and add es.

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

wolf wolves
wife wives
leaf leaves
life lives

Some nouns have different plural forms

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

child children
woman women
man men
mouse mice

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However, nouns ending with y or o do not have deninite rules.

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

baby babies
toy toys
kidney kidneys
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
memo memos
stereo stereos
In English , a few nouns have same singular and plural forms.

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

sheep sheep
deer deer
series series
species species
Thus, you need to read a lot, then you will find those irrigular form of
nouns.Let’s keep reading!

Quiz 1.1

Choose the correct form of nouns in each sentence.

1. I have three ( child/children).

2. There are five (man/men) and one (woman/women).

3. (Baby/babies) play with bottles as toys.

4. I put two big (potato/potatoes) in the lunch box.

5. A few men wear (watch/watches).

6. I put a (memo/ memos) on the desk.

7. I saw a (mouse/ mice) running by.

8. There are few (bus/buses) on the road today.

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Countable nouns Vs Uncountable nouns

Singular (1) Plural (more that 1)

bag bags
teacher teachers
school schools

Thus, countable nouns can work with some expressions and appropreate articles:
Countable Nouns article expression
bottle a bottle many bottles
apple an apple these apples
computer the computer some computers

Other expressions that work with count nouns :

a few pens, a few computers, many bottles, some spoons, every desk,

each cup, these televisions, the number of chairs, a few shoes, a few

fingers, many flowers, some cameras, every stick, each balloon, those

books etc.

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 How do you count
air in the sea?

It sounds impossible , is’t it?

It also impossible to count water, wood, ice,

air, English, Malay, milk , rice, meat, flour,
light and oil. They cannot be counted.

Generally, CANNOT BE PLURALIZED.

Sugar is sweet.
The sunshine is beautiful.
He eats rice.
This meat is good.
I ate some rice and milk.

list
Quiz 1.2
Circle all the uncountable nouns in the following list:

student water pen milk computer cup furniture

rice book potato oil watch wood wind 6

 Possesive Nouns

Possesive Nouns are used to indicate OWNERSHIP

Don not forget  Ahmad’s book

to add  Ali’s car
apostrophe (‘s)  Alisha’s pencil
and s
Other conditions:

1) When a noun is plural and ends on s, just add (‘)

The kids’ toys
The boys’ bikes

2) If 2 people own one thing, add the (‘) and s to the second
person only :
Ali and Siti’s new house
Danial and Sarah’s wedding

3) If 2 people own seperate things, add the (‘) and s for each
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person.
Amir’s and Adam’s books
Hana’s and Ain’s cars

Quiz 1.3
Which of the following is not correct?

1)Mr.Khalis has a new computer.

Which of the following is not correct?
2)Mr. Khalis's new computer is working well.

3)Mr. Khalis' computer is new.

Pronouns A pronoun takes the place of a noun. 

Example story :
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Rahimah is one of the badminton players in SK Jelai 3. Rahimah always plays
batminton with Hana, Damia , and Rosa., Every evening, Rahimah, Hana and Rosa
If the story above is written using pronouns :

Rahimah is one of the badminton players in SK Jelai 3. She always plays

batminton with Hana, Damia , and Rosa., Every evening, they come to school for
batminton training session with Cikgu Ramli

Personal Pronouns (refer to a The word ‘it’ refer to an object

person)
I go to school I eat it
You are a student It is big
They are Indian
He works here
We gave her food
Third
First Second
Male Female Neutral
Singular Subject I you he she it
Singular Object me you him her it
Singular Reflexive myself yourself himself herself itself
Plural Subject we you they
Plural Object us you them
Plural Reflexive ourselves yourselves themselves

Quiz 1.4

Write the correct pronoun in each blank.

1)I ate an apple.                     was delicious. 

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2)You look tired.                     should rest. 

3)She is a teacher. I gave                    a book. 

4)They are my friends. I like                     very much. 

5)He saw the movie.                     was fun. 

Action ‘Be’
Verb
verbs verbs
s
‘Be’ Verbs 10
A verb shows action or a state of being.

Present Negative Interrogative / Question

I am I am not Am I?
You are You are not (aren't) Are you?
He is He is not (isn't) Is he?
She is She is not (isn't) Is she?
It is It is not (isn't) Isn't it?
We are We are not (aren't) Are we?
You are You are not (aren't) Are you?
They are They are not (aren't) Are they?

Quiz 2.1

Which of the following sentences are written correctly? Underline.

1)I am thirsty.
2)You are kind.
3)He am not sad.
4)She are not tall.
5)It is not moving.
6)We aren't tired.
7)Is they running?
8)Are you ready?

Action Verbs
Action verbs express action and are the most common verbs

Action verbs need ‘s’ at the end with third-person, singular subjects.
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  He eats Nasi Lemak
 She drinks Milo
 Ahmad walks to the station
 It floats on the sea
Affirmative Interrogative
Negative Sentence
Sentence Sentence
I sing a song. I do not (don't) sing a song. Do I sing a song?
You sing a song. You do not (don't) sing a song. Do you sing a song?
He (she) does not (doesn't) sing Does he (she) sing a
He (she) sings a song.
a song. song?
We sing a song. We do not (don't) sing a song. Do we sing a song?
They sang a song. They did not (didn't) sing a song. Did they sing a song?

Quiz 2.2

Correct the verb errors in the sentences below. Some sentences may be

correct as is.

1)I runs a marathon. ________________________________

2)You look sleepy. __________________________________

3)She do not dance. _________________________________

4)Does you leave today? ______________________________

5)We don't stay here. _______________________________

6)It come with rice._________________________________

Adjectives

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 Adjectives describe or modify nouns

I like fairy tales. A fairy tale is an imaginary story that has unrealistic

characters in a fantastic background. It makes me forget about the real world
and refreshes my tired mind.

Adjectives generally appear immediately before the noun.

 A pretty girl
 Red flowers
 A long stick
 Heavy boxes
 Cold weather

Commonly, adjectives of opposite meaning are formed by adding a prefix such

as un, in, or dis

Opposite meaning
clear Unclear
important unimportant
correct incorrect
complete incomplete
similar dissimilar
able disable

When using a string of adjectives, they should appear in a set order: size/shape
+ age + color + origin + material.

 A big brown house

 A small old English desk
 A beautiful black Italian leather purse
 Delicious Chinese food

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The + adjective describes a class or group of people and acts as a noun.

 the old, the young, the poor, the rich, the oppressed, the homeless, etc.

Example :

This popular TV show is loved by the old.

Quiz 3.1

Write opposite adjectives using the appropriate prefix.

1) Clear –                     
2) Definite –                     
3) Correct –                     
4) Expensive –                     
5) Complete –                     

Quiz 3.2

Underline all adjectives in the following sentences.

In the spring, red roses blossom in my cute small garden. The beautiful

birds also sing in the big manggo tree.

Comparative and Superlative Adjective

Superlative adjective
Comparative adjective
compare more than 2
compare 2 things
things

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 Adjective Comparative Superlative
old older oldest
young younger youngest
pretty prettier prettiest
long longer longest
short shorter shortest
happy happier happiest

Adjectives with two or more syllables do not change but instead add more to
form comparatives and most to form superlatives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

respectable more respectable most respectable
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
hardworking more hardworking most hardworking

Some adjectives have different forms of comparatives and superlatives.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

good better best
little less least
many more most
far further furthest

The word than typically appears in comparative sentences.

 Affan is smarter than Abu .

 Raed is stronger than Ali.
 Hafiz is more diligent than his brother.
 I have more apples than him.
 She likes him more than Sufian.

Superlatives are typically accompanied by the word the.

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 Zain is the oldest man in town.
 Iskandar is the tallest boy in the neighbourhood.
 That shade of blue is the most beautiful color.
 This is the longest song that I have ever heard.

Quiz 4.1

Write the appropriate comparative or superlative form of the word cold in

each blank.

Yesterday was a cold day. Today is                      than yesterday. Tomorrow

will be the                      day yet.

Quiz 4.2
Which of the following sentences is incorrect?

1) Fazura is shorter than Neelofa .

2)The moon is more closer to the earth than the sun.
3 )I have the best score on the exam.

Quiz 4.4

Fill in the blanks.

1)My friend has a pretty purse, but I have a                      one.

2)Today's sunshine is                      beautiful than yesterday's.

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 ADVERBS

An adverb tells more about a verb in the sentence.

The car runs fast. 17

 verb adverbs

Examples:

 Listen to his speech carefully.

 I come to the playground frequently.
 It rained hard.

An adverb describes more about an adjective in the sentence.

 The news is very surprising!

 The coffee is extremely hot, so be careful.
 Nature is really amazing!

An adverb modifies another adverb in the sentence.

 It rains very hard.
 Computers run much faster these days.
 I clean my room less frequently because I am busy.

Adjectives
Commonly, adjectives can be Adverbs
slow to adverbs by adding 'ly'
changed slowly
quick quickly
comfortable comfortably
loud loudly
clear clearly

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 .

To change adjectives ending in 'y' into adverbs, change the 'y' to 'i' and add
'ly'.
Adjectives Adverbs
happy happily
easy easily

Quiz 5.1

Choose the correct word form in the following sentences.

1)I spoke to you (careful, carefully) last time.

2)We talked about it (clear, clearly).

3)I sat on the (comfortable, comfortably) sofa.

4)My dog runs very (fast, faster).

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5)Let’s install the new program (quick, quickly).
 3 MAIN VERB
TENSES

present past future

simple simple simple

continuous continuous continuous

prefect prefect
prefect

Prefect Prefect
Prefect
continuous continuous
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continuous
 Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense is used:

To express habit

  ToHeexpress
drinks habits,
tea at breakfast.
general truths, repeated actions or unchanging
 situations, emotions
She only eats and wishes:
chicken

For repeated action or events

 They play batminton every evening.

 We catch the bus every morning.

Fact( unchanging situation) or general truth

 The Earth revolves around the Sun.

 Her mother is Indian.
 Kuala Lumpur is a small city.

For Instructions or direction

 Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
 You take the No. 3 bus to Tampin and then the No.5 to Melaka.

To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when,

before, as soon as, until:


He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

Be careful ! Simple Present is not used to express actions happening now.

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Forming the simple past tense : to eat

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I eat Do I eat? I do not eat
You eat Do you eat? You do not eat
He eats Does he eat? He does not eat
She eats Does she eat? She does not eat
It eats Does it eat? It does not eat
We eat Do we eat? We do not eat
They eat Do they eat? They do not eat

Try this! : to work

Affirmative Interrogative/ Negative

Question

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Important notes
 In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:

 She writes,
 He gives,
 She thinks.
 He wants

“To Be “ With Simple Present Tense.

With positive sentence

(Subject + verb to be ( am, is, are) + .........)
 I am sick
 You are teacher
 We are at school
 She is lucky

With negative sentence

(Subject + verb to be ( am, is, are) + not+ ......)
TO BE  I am not sick
 You are not teacher
(am,is are)  We are not at school
 She is not lucky

With Question sentence

(To be (am, is, are) + subhect+......)
To be (am, is are) +not+ subject +......)

Am I sick?/Am I not sick?

Are you a teacher? /Aren’t you a teacher?
Are we at school?/ Aren’t we at school?
Is she lucky/Isn’t she lucky?

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Quiz 6.1

Write the correct form of the verb in each sentence.

1. Ramli ______________ (play/plays) football.

2. They ______________ (don’t/doesn’t) study after school.

3. We _______________ (take/takes) the bus to the school every day.

4. What ___________ (do/does) you want to study?

5. On Sunday, I _________ (go/goes) to the TF Value Mart.

6. Luqman ___________ (play/plays) badminton; he

_________________(practice/practices) every day.

7. ____________ (Do/Does) Wani ride her bike to school, or ____ (do/does)

she take the bus?

8. On Saturday, he ____________ (don’t/doesn’t) read the newspaper.

9. Where _____________ (do/does) they work?

10. How ____________ (do/does) you spell your name?

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Quiz 6.2

Make questions with the word groups, using (do) or (does).

1. (Where/she/live) __________________________________________?

2. (When/you/play/soccer) ____________________________________?

3. (What/he/eat/for/lunch) ___________________________________?

4. When/they/come/home/from/school)___________________________?

5. (she/want/to/work/in/the/office) _____________________________?

6. (your/mother/take/you/to/school)_____________________________?

7. (What/time/you/get/up)_____________________________________?

8. (Where/your/father/work) __________________________________?

9. (Irfan/live/in/Jelai) _____________________________________?

10. (How/Hafizi/and/Ramu/go/to/school)___________________________?

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 Simple Past Tense

 is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now

 FORMING THE SIMPE PAST TENSE :

Affirmative Negative Question Question
(Negative)
I played I did not play Did you played? Didn’t you play?
She played She did not play Did she play? Didn’t she play?

Let try out! : to walk

Affirmative Negative Question Question
(Negative)
I walked
You
He
She
We
They
It

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 Simple past tense ( Verb to Be/ Verb to Have/Verb to Do)
Subject Verbs
Be Have Do
I was had did
You were had did
She/He/It was had did
We were had did
They were had did

Examples:

 I was in Japan last year

 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

Importan Note!

Regular Verb
play - played
paint- painted
jump- jumped

Irregular Verb
eat- ate
go-went
see- saw

Quiz 6.3
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Video : A Fun Holiday

Answer the questions based on the story “ A Fun Holiday”

1. Where did Mandy guess Susen went on vacation?

________________________________________

2. What was the first thing that Susan did in Thailand?

_______________________________________

3. What did Susan do after she walker on the beach?

_________________________________________

4. What did Susan do aften she swam in the water?

________________________________________

5. What did Susan do after she rode the elephant?

_______________________________________

6. What was the last thing Susan did on her vacation?

_______________________________________

7. What i the present tense of the of the word “knew”?

_________________________________________

8. What did you do on your vacation?

___________________________________________

Simple Future Tense 28

Example :
I will learn a new language.
She will read that book.
My brothers will sleep till noon if no one wakes them up.
You will see what I mean.

It doesn’t matter if the subject is singular or

plural; the formula for the simple future doesn’t
change.

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The “Going to” Construction
Infinitive I You, We, They He, She, It
To be Am going to be Are going to be Is going to be

Am not going to be Are not going to be Is not going to be

To ask Am going to ask Are going to ask Is going to ask

Am not going to ask Are not going to ask Is not going to ask

Quiz 6.4

Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in parentheses in simple
future tense.

1) The house is dirty. I (clean) _______ ________ it on Monday.

2) (cook) _______ you ________ on Tuesday, please?

3) It looks like the washing machine is broken. I (ask) _______ _______ a

repair man to come Wednesday.

4) Okay then, our group (meet) _______ ________ on Thursday.

5) Fahmi (hike) _______ you _______ with us on Friday?

6) If necessary, we (carry) _______ ________ the supplies in our car

Saturday.

7) Zahirah and Alya, (read) _______ you _______ to the children on Sunday?

Present Continuous Tense 30

 The present continuous verb tense indicates that an action or condition is happening
now, frequently, and may continue into the future.

Note : (The form of the present participle is:   base+ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving,
smiling)
Subject + to be +base + ing
She is talking
We are playing
I am going

Quiz 6.5

Put the verbs into present continuous tense.

1. My sister (to clean) ___________________ the bathroom

2. Look! They (to go) ____________________ inside.

3. I (to wait) ______________________ in the car now.

4. Mr Halim (to listen) _____________________ to the radio.

5. We (to speak) _________________________English at the moment.

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 Past Continuous Tense

The past continuous describes actions or events in a time before now, which began in
the past and is still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses
an unfinished or incomplete action in the past.

Subject + to be +base + ing

She was talking
We were playing
I was going

EXAMPLES

 They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.

 Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.

 When we arrived he was having a bath.

 When the fire started I was watching television.

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Quiz 6.6

Put the verbs into the correct form (past continuous).

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) _________________ monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) __________________ dinner.

3. The kids (play)______________ in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.

4. I (practice)_____________________ the guitar when he came home.

5. We (not / cycle)_______________________ all day.

6. While Alan (work)___________________ in his room, his friends

(swim)________________ in the pool.

7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen )___________________ .

8. What (you / do)__________________________ yesterday?

9. Most of the time we (sit)________________________in the park.

10. I (listen)__________________ to the radio while my sister

(watch)____________________ TV.

11. When I arrived, They (play)________________________ cards.

12. We (study)__________________________English yesterday at 4:00 pm .

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