EMENg 3131

Electrical Power Systems

Fundamentals of Power System
Lecture 7:

Yoseph Mekonnen

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 Chapter Four

Characteristic and Performance of

Power Transmission Lines

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 Outline

Representation of transmission lines

Short, medium and long transmission lines
ABCD constants
Steady-state performance – efficiency and regulation.

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Representation of transmission lines
If an overhead line is classified as short, shunt capacitance is
so small that it can be omitted entirely with little loss o f
accuracy
We need to consider only the series resistance R and the series
inductance L for the total length of the line.
Lines less than 80 km long are short line.
Medium-length lines are between 80 km and 250 km long.
Lines longer than 250 km require calculation in terms of
distributed constants if high degree of accuracy is required.

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 …Contd..
Normally, transmission lines are operated with balanced
three-phase loads.
Although the lines are not spaced equilaterally and not
transposed, the resulting dissymmetry is slight and the
phases are considered to be balanced.
In order to distinguish between the total series
impedance of a line and the series impedance per unit
length, the following nomenclature is adopted :

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 Short Line Model
STL

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 …Contd..
The transmission line may be represented by a two-port
network as shown in figure and the previous equations can be
written in terms of generalized circuit constants known as
the ABCD constants.

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 Steady-state performance – efficiency and regulation.
Voltage regulation of the line may be defined as the
percentage change in voltage at the receiving end of the line
(expressed as percent of full-load voltage) in going from no
load to full-load.

At no load IR=0

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 …Contd..
Sending end power

Line Loss

Efficiency

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Medium Line Model

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 Medium Line Model
Under normal conditions, the shunt conductance per unit
length, which represents the leakage current over the
insulator and due to corona, is negligible and g is assumed to
be zero. C is the line to neutral capacitance per km, and l is
the line length.

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 …Contd..
Analysis

 Determinant

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 Long Line Model
For lines 250 km and longer for a more accurate solution
the exact effect of the distributed parameter must be
considered.

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 …Contd..
Analysis

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 …Contd..
Analysis

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 …Contd..
Analysis

From

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 …Contd..
Analysis

But

Substituting and solving for A1 and A2

Substituting A1 and A2 back to V(x) and I(x)

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 …Contd..
Rearranged to;

Or

At full length

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 …Contd..
ABCD

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 …Contd..
Equivalent Π Model

Original Equation Nominal Π model Eqn

Using Trig Identity

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 Reference and Examples
Reference
Power System Analysis by Hadi Saadat Chapter Five

Examples
Example 5.1-5.4

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