Prime University

Course Code: EEE-417

Course Title: Control System Engineering
Course Teacher: Tahmida Tabassum
Batch: 47E, Group-A & B
Lecture: 01

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Syllabus

Introduction to control system: Conventional control system, steady state response to

step, ramp, and parabolic inputs, transient response, poles and zeros, frequency response
from pole-zero diagram, Routh’s stability criterion; block diagrams, canonical forms,
transfer functions and signal flow graph, root locus, frequency response, Gain and Phase
margins, Nyquist’s stability criterion.
Modern control system: Introduction, state variable analysis, controllability and
observability, application of eigen value, linear control system design by state feedback.
Controller design: On-off, fuzzy, P, PI, PD and PID types, their applications in control
system design, introduction to programmable logic controllers (PLC), temperature
control system, position control system.

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Prescribed textbook

The following textbook is prescribed for the course:

 N. S. Nise, Control Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition
(5th Edition)
 Richard C. Dorf, Modern Control Systems, Edition: 11th or above

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Course Schedule

Week Topic(s)
1 Introduction, Modelling in the Frequency Domain
2 Modelling in the Time Domain & Time Response
3 Reduction of Multiple Subsystems & SFG
4 Stability
5 Steady-State Errors
6 Root Locus Techniques & Design via Root Locus
7 Frequency Response Techniques
8 Design via Frequency Response
9 Design via State Space
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 Introduction
A control system consists of subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled for the
purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired performance, given a specified input.

FIGURE 1.1 Simplified description of a control system

Advantages of Control Systems

1. Power amplification (a radar antenna)
2. Remote control (robots)
3. Convenience of input form (temperature control)
4. Compensation for disturbances
Response Characteristics and System Configurations
Consider an elevator.

The performance of the elevator can be seen

from the elevator response curve in the figure

Two major measures of performance are

apparent: (1) the transient response and (2) the
steady-state error.
Passenger comfort and passenger patience are
dependent upon the transient response.

The steady-state error is another important

performance specification since passenger
safety and convenience would be sacrificed if
the elevator did not properly level.
 Analysis and Design Objectives
Control system responds to an input by undergoing a transient response before
reaching a steady-state response
There are several major objectives of systems analysis and design:
 producing the desired transient response
 reducing steady-state error
 achieving stability
 robust design

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 Antenna Azimuth: An Introduction to Position Control Systems
converts a position input command to a
position output response

Attempt 1: Manually through gear

Impossible too slow imprecise

Attempt 2: Use potentiometer

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 Configuration of a control system
Two major Configurations
Open-loop Configuration
Closed-loop Configuration
An Open-loop system, also referred to as non-
feedback system, is a type of continuous control
system in which the output has no influence or
effect on the control action of the input signal.
In other words, in an open-loop control system
the output is neither measured nor “fed back”
for comparison with the input.
The closed-loop control system means the
output of the system depends on their input.
The system has one or more feedback loops
between its output and input. The closed-
loop system design in such a way that they
automatically provide the desired output by
comparing it with the actual input. The
closed-loop system generates the error signal
which is the difference between the input and
output.
 Difference Between the Configuration of a control system
Basis For
Open Loop System Closed Loop System
Comparison
Definition The system whose control action is free from the In closed loop, the output depends on the control
output is known as the open loop control system. action of the system.
Other Name Non-feedback System Feedback System
Components Controller and Controlled Process. Amplifier, Controller, Controlled Process,
Feedback.
Construction Simple Complex
Reliability Non-reliable Reliable
Accuracy Depends on calibration Accurate because of feedback.
Stability Stable Less Stable
Optimization Not-Possible Possible
Response Fast Slow
Calibration Difficult Easy
System Disturbance Affected Not-affected
Linearity Non-linear Linear
Examples Traffic light, automatic washing machine, Air conditioner, temperature control system, speed
immersion rod, TV remote etc. and pressure control system, refrigerator, toaster.
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 The Design Process

FIGURE The control system design process

Step 1: Transform Requirements into a Physical System

• Requirements: desire to position the antenna from a remote location; weight,
dimensions of the system
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• Design specifications: desired transient response, steady- state accuracy
 Step 2: Draw a Functional Block Diagram

FIGURE functional block

diagram
Step 3: Create a Schematic

FIGURE Schematic
diagram

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Step 4: Develop a Mathematical Model (Block Diagram)

• Use physical laws, such as Kirchhoff's laws for electrical networks and Newton's law
for mechanical systems
• Mathematical models can be described using
 Differential equations
 Laplace transform
 State-space representation

Step 5: Reduce the Block Diagram

In order to evaluate the system response we reduce the large system's block diagram to a single
block with a mathematical description that represents the system from its input to its output

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Step 6: Analyze and Design
• analyze the system to see if the response specifications and performance requirements can be
met by simple adjustments of system parameters
• if specifications cannot be met, the designer designs additional hardware in order to
achieve a desired performance
TABLE Test waveforms used in control systems

Dept. of EEE, Prime University

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Dept. of EEE, Prime University