Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures Arc Welds and Arc Brazes - Steel

WORLDWIDE Material Specification
ENGINEERING GMW14058
Metals
STANDARDS
Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures

Arc Welds and Arc Brazes - Steel
consistent with service loading requirements, they

1 Scope have been established specifically for use in
process and product monitoring. Any attempted
Note: Nothing in this standard supersedes
application of this document to other uses, such as
applicable laws and regulations.
post-crash braze/weld quality assessment, may
Note: In the event of conflict between the English lead to an erroneous result or conclusion.
and domestic language, the English language shall Discrepant braze/welds by retaining a portion of
take precedence. their engineering properties may still contribute to
1.1 Purpose. This standard provides the the integrity of the assembly.
acceptance criteria and repair procedures for arc 1.4 Clarification. For clarification of this standard
welds and arc brazes in automotive products for or editorial comments, email the GM Weld Council
which GM is responsible for establishing or at weld.council@gm.com.
approving product design. This standard does not
Proposed changes to this standard must be
apply to arc spot welds or arc plug welds.
presented to the GMNA Weld Council. To suggest
1.2 Applicability. This standard applies to steels a change to this standard, reference the
approved by GM for the following types of arc “Procedure for Weld Standard Changes” on the
welding or arc brazing processes: Weld Council’s web page.
Arc Welding:
 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 2 References
 Note: Only the latest approved standards are
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Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
applicable unless otherwise specified.
 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
None
 Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)
Arc Brazing: 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
 Gas Metal Arc Brazing (GMAB) None

 Gas Tungsten Arc Brazing (GTAB)
3 Requirements
 Plasma Arc Brazing (PAB)
3.1 General Acceptance Criteria.
 Flux Cored Arc Brazing (FCAB)
3.1.1 Categories of Welds.
The criteria established in this standard become
3.1.1.1 Structural Welds. Structural welds are
mandatory when referenced on a weld design
required for performance of the welded product. All
document. Deviations from any criteria provided in
welds are structural unless specifically noted as
this standard must be identified on a weld design
process welds on the weld design document.
document.
3.1.1.2 Process Welds. Process welds are
1.3 Usage. In this standard, the terms “braze and
installed to facilitate in-process assembly, but are
brazing” are used interchangeably with “weld and
not required for structural performance of the
welding” when used for the evaluation of an arc
product. Process welds must be approved by
braze.
Product Engineering and shown on the weld
Welded structures are considered satisfactory design document.
when they carry the intended service loads for a
3.1.2 Evaluation of Welds.
required period. Service loads on weldments in a
vehicle are varied in both type and magnitude and 3.1.2.1 Structural Welds. Structural welds shall be
cannot be addressed by this standard. Therefore, evaluated to the requirements of 3.1.3, 3.2 and 3.3.
while weld quality criteria of this standard are See Appendix D and Appendix E.
© Copyright 2009 General Motors Corporation All Rights Reserved
September 2009 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 32
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GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14058
3.1.2.2 Process Welds. Process welds shall be 3.2.10 Visual Appearance of Weld. When a weld
evaluated to the requirements of 3.1.3, 3.2.1, 3.2.2 bead exhibits a change in shape or increased
and 3.2.3. amount of spatter, the welding process shall be
3.1.3 Filler Metals. The designated filler metal adjusted to the initial approved setup.
used shall be the filler metal specified. Welds not 3.2.11 Skip. A skip is a discontinuity and the length
using the designated filler metal are discrepant. of skip cannot be counted in the effective weld
3.2 Visual Acceptance Criteria. length. See 5.1, Glossary.
3.2.1 Weld Location. Welds are properly located 3.2.12 Rollover. The length of weld bead
when installed within 6 mm from the location containing rollover is a discontinuity and cannot be
indicated on the weld design document. Weld counted in the effective length. See 5.1, Glossary.
beads not correctly located are discrepant. Welds 3.2.13 Undercut. When undercut is present in the
required to be “wrapped around” a corner shall be weld bead, use the flowchart in Figure H1 in
detailed on the weld design document. Weld Appendix H to determine if the undercut area is
templates may be used to determine weld location. acceptable or the weld bead is discrepant. When
See 5.1, Glossary. undercut is present and determined to be
3.2.2 Surface Cracks. Weld beads with any acceptable, the weld process should be adjusted to
surface cracks that are visible without the aid of its original qualified setup to eliminate the
magnification are discrepant. However, braze undercut. See Figure 1 and Figure H1 in
beads with transverse surface cracks located a Appendix H.
minimum of 20 mm apart are permissible. See 5.1,
Glossary.
3.2.3 Burn-Through. Weld beads containing burn-
through are discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary.
3.2.4 Meltback. Weld beads containing meltback
are discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary.
3.2.5 Melt-Through. When a weld bead with melt-
through extending more than 2 x tmin (the thinner
metal being welded) beyond the bottom surface
and there is no interference with subsequent
assembly operations, the welding process is to be
adjusted to the original qualified setup. Whenever
melt-through interferes with subsequent assembly Figure 1: Undercut
operations, the excessive weld metal shall be
removed and the welding process adjusted to the
original qualified setup. Weld beads with melt- 3.2.14 Surface Porosity. When surface porosity is
through are not discrepant welds. See 5.1, present in the weld bead, use the flowchart in
Glossary. Figure H2 in Appendix H to determine if the
3.2.6 Missing Welds. When fewer welds exist surface porosity is acceptable or the weld bead is
than are specified on the weld design document, discrepant. Surface porosity is a separate attribute
the omitted welds are discrepant. that is not to be included in the maximum allowable
discontinuity length shown in Table 1. Surface
3.2.7 Extra Welds. The number of welds installed porosity is to be evaluated separately. Surface
shall not exceed the number specified on the weld porosity is acceptable provided that any 25 mm
design document. When the number of welds length of the weld bead (or the whole weld bead for
installed exceeds the number specified, the weld beads with specified lengths less than
welding process shall be adjusted to the original 25 mm) meets the following requirements shown in
qualified setup. Extra welds are not discrepant Figure H2 in Appendix H. When surface porosity is
welds. present and determined to be acceptable, the weld
3.2.8 Crater. Craters occur at the end of the weld process should be adjusted to its original qualified
bead and are a discontinuity. Craters cannot be setup to eliminate the porosity. See Figure 2 and
counted in the effective length. See 5.1, Glossary. Figure H2 in Appendix H.
3.2.9 Direction of Weld. Weld beads that deviate Note: The diameter of an oval pore is defined as
from a specified weld direction (if indicated on the the sum of the pore length and pore width divided
weld design document) are discrepant. by two.
September 2009 Page 2 of 32
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convexity interferes with subsequent assembly

operations, the excessive weld metal shall be
removed and the welding process adjusted to the
original qualified setup. See 5.1, Glossary.
3.3.3 Weld Cross-Section(s). The weld
cross-section(s) shown in Appendix A, Appendix B
and Appendix C are typical weld beads used in
automotive weld joint designs. Weld beads in other
Figure 2: Surface Porosity joint designs can also be evaluated using the same
methods shown in Appendix A, Appendix B, and
Appendix C. The required number and location of
3.3 Measureable Acceptance Criteria. the representative cross-section sample(s) are
3.3.1 Effective Weld Length (Le). Weld beads that determined by the specified weld length (Lw) as
have an effective length greater than or equal to shown in Table 2.
the required weld bead length (as described in
Table 1) are acceptable provided that the
maximum allowable discontinuity value listed in Table 2: Cross-Section Quantity and Location
Table 1 is not exceeded. Weld beads that do not Requirements
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have an effective weld length greater than or equal Specified Quantity of Approximate
to the required weld bead length (as described in Weld Length Cross- Location of
Table 1) are discrepant. Weld beads exceeding the (Lw) Section(s) Cross-Sections
maximum allowed weld length (Lw + 2Lt) shall have
the welding process adjusted to the initial qualified Lw ≤ 30 mm 1 Midpoint of Weld
setup. See Figure H3 in Appendix H. Equally spaced
30 mm < Lw from each other
2
Table 1: Weld Length Requirements
Note 1
≤ 100 mm and the start and
end of the weld
Maximum Equally spaced
Allowable from each other
Minimum Lw > 100 mm 3
Length (mm) and the start and
Specified for Any Weld Required end of the weld
Weld Single Length Weld
Length Discontinuity Tolerance Length
(mm) listed in of mm) (mm) 3.3.3.1 Leg Length (b). The leg length is the
Lw Appendix D Lt Lr distance from the weld root to the weld toe of the
weld where there is evidence of fusion for welds or
5 to 10 0 3 cohesion for braze welds. See Table 3, Appendix A
11 to 40 3 4 and Appendix B.
3.3.3.2 Throat Thickness (a). The throat thickness
41 to 100 5 6 is the minimum distance minus any convexity
Lw– Lt
8 between any weld root and the weld face. See
+ 2 for every Table 3, Appendix A and Appendix B.
> 100 10% of Lw
additional Note: When the Weld Toe is on the horizontal
Note 2
25 mm surface of the top sheet use the following method
Note 1: Effective Weld Length = Le = La - Ld
to determine throat thickness.
Where: a. Draw a horizontal line (from left to right) that is
Le = Effective Weld Length a continuation of the top piece.
La = Actual Weld Length
Ld = combined discontinuity lengths b. Draw a vertical line from the root of the top
Note 2: a single discontinuity may not exceed 16 mm for any sheet.
weld bead.
c. Draw a line from the toe (on the lower sheet)
through the intersection point of the horizontal
3.3.2 Convexity. There are no limits on the and vertical lines.
amount of convexity, provided that the part d. From this line draw the shortest distance to
remains functional and the convexity does not any weld root and this will be the throat (t).
interfere with mating components. Whenever

The throat must be greater than or equal to 0.7 of 3.4.2 Process Welds. Process welds that do not
the thinner material. meet the criteria of 3.2.3 must be repaired.
3.3.3.3 Fusion Width (fw) or Cohesion Width Process welds that do not meet the remaining
(cw) in Filled Slot Joints. The fusion width is the requirements of 3.1.2.2 should have the weld
distance from weld root to weld root where there is process adjusted to the initial qualified setup.
evidence of weld fusion. The cohesion width is the 3.5 Weld Repair Procedures for Arc Welds and
distance from weld root to weld root where there is Arc Brazes.
evidence of braze cohesion. See Appendix C. 3.5.1 Repair procedures for arc welds are shown in
Appendix F. Repair procedures for arc brazes are
Table 3: Minimum Requirements for Leg shown in Appendix G. In the event a Weld Repair
Length (b) and Throat Thickness (a) Data Sheet indicates a different method of repair,
the Weld Repair Data Sheet must be followed.
Minimum Process Exceptions are permitted based on documented
Requirements Arc Weld Arc Braze review and approval by the appropriate Product
Engineer (e.g., Temporary Work Order (TWO) or
Leg Length(b) ≥ 0.9 tmin ≥ 1.0 tmin equivalent).
Throat Thickness(a) ≥ 0.7 tmin ≥ 1.0 tmin 3.5.2 All discrepant welds shall be reworked to
comply with the requirements of this standard.
Weld repair equipment and process parameters
3.3.3.4 Depth of Fusion. Depth of fusion in either must be validated prior to rework. Manual weld
piece less than 10% tmin (the thinner metal being repair personnel are also required to demonstrate
welded) requires the process to be adjusted to the their ability to perform weld repairs that meet the
original qualified setup. Depth of Fusion is not a requirements of this standard. The welding source
requirement for braze welds. See 5.1, Glossary. responsible for the manufacture of the welded
3.3.3.5 Undercut. Undercut is acceptable provided components shall retain documentation confirming
it meets the requirements of 3.2.13. See 5.1, qualification of weld repair personnel.
Glossary.
3.3.3.6 Internal Porosity. Porosity is acceptable 4 Manufacturing Process
provided that the pores meet all of the following 4.1 Process Control. The welding source is
criteria: responsible for establishing practices and test
 Pores are in a random non-linear pattern methods to assure that the criteria of this standard
are met, and are consistent with applicable
 Oval pores have a pore length that is not more Welding Process Control Procedures.
than three times the pore’s width
 Diameter of any one pore is: 5 Notes
≤ 0.5 mm for tmin ≤ 3.0 mm 5.1 Glossary.
≤ 1.0 mm for tmin > 3.0 mm Acceptance Criteria: The defined limits for
 Total area of all pores is < 25% of the weld discontinuities that are permissible and the limit
cross-sectional area where the discontinuities cause the weld to
The weld process shall be adjusted to the initial become discrepant.
qualified setup when any of these requirements are Actual Weld Length (La): The distance measured
not met. See 5.1, Glossary. along the weld centerline from the weld start to
3.3.3.7 Internal Cracks. The weld cross-section weld end.
must not contain any cracks that are visible at 15X
magnification or less. Weld beads containing
cracks are discrepant. See 5.1, Glossary.
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3.3.3.8 Rollover. Rollover is acceptable provided it

meets the requirements of 3.2.12. See 5.1,
Glossary.
3.4 Disposition/Repair Procedure.
3.4.1 Structural Welds. All known discrepant
welds shall be repaired.

Arc Brazing: A group of welding processes that

produce coalescence of metals by heating them to
the brazing temperature in the presence of a filler
metal having a liquidus above 450°C and below
the solidus of the base metal. In this standard, the
terms “braze and brazing” are used
interchangeably with “weld and welding” when
used for the evaluation of an arc braze.
Arc Plug Welds: Arc welds made inside a
predrilled hole in one member of a lap joint or
T-joint which fuses that member to the other. Continuous Weld: A weld that extends
Arc Spot Welds: A timed GMAW process that continuously from one end of a joint to the other.
melts a spot on the surface a sheet that will Where the joint is essentially circular, it extends
penetrate through the sheet, into adjoining completely around the joint.
sheet(s), fusing them together. Convexity: The maximum distance from the face
Arc Welding: A group of welding processes that of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line
produce coalescence of metals by heating them joining the weld toes.
with an arc, with or without the application of
pressure, and with or without the use of filler metal.
In this standard, the terms “braze and brazing” are
used interchangeably with “weld and welding”
when used for the evaluation of an arc braze.
Attributes: Attributes are specific identifiable
characteristics in either the surface appearance or
geometric structure of a weld bead. Examples are
undercut, porosity and cracks.
Base Metal: Used to refer to the parts, sheets,
components, materials, or structures being welded.
Burn-Through: Excessive melt-through producing Crack: A fracture type discontinuity characterized
a hole in the weld bead. by a sharp tip and high ratio of length-to-width of
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opening displacement on the exterior surface. Also

referred to as a split.
Crater: The area at the end of a weld bead where

the arc is extinguished but weld acceptance criteria
is not met.
Coalescence: The growing together or growth into

one body of the metals being welded.
Concavity: The maximum distance from the face
of a concave fillet weld perpendicular to a line
joining the weld toes.
Depth of Fusion (e): The maximum distance
where fusion extends into the base metal from the
surface melted during welding.

electrode (non-consumable) and the work pieces.

Shielding is obtained from a gas.
Joint Root: That portion of a joint to be welded
where the members approach closest to each
other. In cross section, the joint root may be a
point, a line or an area.
Lap Joint: A joint between two overlapping base
metals in parallel planes. See Appendix A,
Appendix B and Appendix C.
Leg Length (b): In a weld cross-section, the leg
Discontinuity: An interruption of the typical
length is the length of fusion in the parent metal
structure of a material, such as lack of
measured between the weld toe and the weld root.
homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical or
See Appendix A and Appendix B.
physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not
necessarily a defect or makes the weld bead Meltback: This occurs where the base metal melts
discrepant. but does not become part of the weld bead. This
condition leaves a void between the weld deposit
Discrepant Weld: A weld bead that does not
and one of the base metals.
comply with the requirements of this standard.
Effective Weld Length (Le): The actual weld
length minus the lengths of weld bead containing
discontinuities.
Evidence of Fusion: Any measurable amount of
fusion produced during the welding process.
Fillet Weld: A weld of approximately triangular
cross section joining two work piece surfaces
approximately at right angles to each other in a lap
joint, T-joint or corner joint.
Melt-Through: Weld metal visibly extending

through the opposite surface being welded or at
the weld root.
Flux Cored Arc Weld (FCAW): An arc welding

process with an arc between a continuous tubular
filler metal electrode and the work pieces.
Shielding is provided by a flux contained within the
tubular electrode.
Fusion: Melting together of filler metal and base
metal (or base metals only) to produce a weld.
Fusion Width: The distance between weld toes in
a filled slot joint where there is evidence of weld
fusion or braze cohesion. Overlap: See Rollover.
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW): An arc welding Plasma Arc Welding (PAW): An arc welding
process with an arc between a continuous solid process with a constricted arc between an
filler metal electrode and work pieces. Shielding is electrode and the work piece (transferred arc) or
obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas. the electrode and the constricting nozzle (non-
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW): An arc transferred arc). Shielding of the electrode is
welding process with an arc between a tungsten obtained from the hot, ionized gas issuing from the
torch, which may be supplemented by an auxiliary
source of shielding gas.
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Pore: A single cavity discontinuity or surface

opening resulting from gas entrapment in the weld
during solidification.
Porosity: Cavity type discontinuities formed by
entrapped and/or escaping gases during
solidification of weld metal. There are two types of
porosity: surface and internal.
Spatter: The metal particles expelled during arc

welding that do not form a part of the weld bead
and remain attached to the surface of the base
metals.
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Required Weld Length (Lr): The specified length

minus any allowable tolerance. See Table 1.
Rollover: The protrusion of weld metal that is
beyond the weld toe or weld root and is not fused
to the base metal. This condition exists when the
weld face intersects the base metal at an angle
greater than 90 degrees. Sometimes referred to as Specified Weld Length (Lw): The weld length
overlap. stated on the weld design document.
Throat Thickness (a): The throat thickness is the
minimum distance between any weld root and the
weld face minus any weld convexity. See
Appendix A and Appendix B.
Undercut: A groove melted into the base metal
adjacent to the weld toe or weld root and left
unfilled by weld metal.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): An arc

welding process with an arc between a covered
metal electrode and the work pieces. Shielding is
obtained from decomposition of the electrode Weld: A localized coalescence of metals produced
covering. by heating the metals to the welding temperature.
Skip: Any portion of the weld bead that is missing. Used interchangeably with Weld Bead.

Weld Bead: The solidified volume of molten metal surfaces. See Appendix A, Appendix B and
from one continuous weld pass. Used Appendix C.
interchangeably with Weld. Welding Source: The manufacturing organization
responsible for the welding of a product assembly.
Weld Start. A point along the weld bead centerline
on the edge of where the arc is initiated.
Weld Template: An inspection device used to
evaluate weld location. Templates can be created
Weld Centerline: An imaginary line drawn by plotting the weld location as defined by the weld
approximately equidistant from the weld toes design document on a transparent overlay for
extending from the weld start to the weld end. comparison to the actual weld locations.
Weld Crater: See Crater.

Weld Design Document: A product document that
describes welding requirements such as number of Weld Toe: The junction of the weld face and the
welds, location of welds, applicable weld base metal. See Appendix A, Appendix B and
standards, weld patterns, weld notes etc. This Appendix C. Refer also to Weld Face.
document is released and approved by the
appropriate Product Design Release Engineer.
Weld Direction: The line or course that the weld is
moving along or is specified to move along.
Weld End: A point along the weld bead centerline
at the edge where the arc is extinguished and the
weld stops.
Weld Face: The exposed surface of a weld on the
side from which welding was done and is
measured from weld toe to weld toe.
Weld Length Tolerance (Lt): This value is
subtracted from the specified weld length (Lw) to 5.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
determine the minimum required weld length (Lr). Weld root
See Table 1. Weld toe
Weld Pass: A single progression of welding along Joint root
a joint. The result of a pass is a weld bead. a Throat thickness
Weld Pattern: A group of welds to which a AB Arc Brazing
tolerance is applied for structural integrity and is
used in determining the manufacturing acceptance b Leg length
of the product. CCRW Controls, Conveyors, Robotics & Welding
Weld Root: The points shown in a cross-section, CTS Component Technical Specifications
at which the root surface intersects the base metal cw Cohesion width
e Depth of fusion
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f Weld face tmin Thickness of the thinner metal to be

FCAB Flux Cored Arc Brazing welded
FCAW Flux Core Arc Welding TWO Temporary Work Order
fw Fusion width VTS Vehicle Technical Specifications
GMAB Gas Metal Arc Brazing
6 Coding System
GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding
This standard shall be referenced in other
GTAB Gas Tungsten Arc Brazing
documents, drawings, etc., as follows:
GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
GMW14058
La Actual weld length
Ld Combined discontinuity lengths 7 Release and Revisions
Le Effective weld length 7.1 Release. This standard originated in August
Lr Minimum required weld length 2004. It was first approved by CCRW Global
Lt Weld length tolerance Council in December 2005. It was first published in
December 2005.
Lw Specified weld length
7.2 Revisions.
PAB Plasma Arc Brazing
PAW Plasma Arc Welding Approval
Rev Description (Organization)
Date
SKM GME Specification Design Mechanics
SKR GME Specification Design Mechanics A SEP 2009 Arc Braze and Slot Joints
added. (Global Weld Council)
SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding
t Metal thickness
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Appendix A: Typical Arc Weld Cross-Sections
Figure A1: Two Metal Stackup Lap Joint Concave Fillet Weld
as Typically Displayed for Thick Metal Welding (> ca. 3 mm)
Figure A2: Two Metal Stackup Lap Joint Concave Fillet Weld
as Typically Displayed for Thin Metal Welding (< ca. 3 mm)
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Figure A3: Two Metal Stackup Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld
as Typically Displayed for Thick Metal Welding (> ca. 3 mm)
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Figure A4: Two Metal Stackup Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld
as Typically Displayed for Thin Metal Welding (< ca. 3 mm)

Figure A5: Three Metal Stackup Lap Joint - Concave Fillet Weld
Figure A6: Three Metal Stackup Lap Joint - Convex Fillet Weld
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Figure A7: T-Joint - Concave Fillet Weld
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Figure A8: T-Joint - Convex Fillet Weld

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Figure A9: Flare-V-Groove Weld, Concave
Figure A10: Flare-V-Groove Weld, Convex

Figure A11: Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld, Concave
Figure A12: Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld, Convex
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Figure A13: Flare-Edge-Groove Weld, Concave
Figure A14: Flare-Edge-Groove Weld, Convex
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Appendix B: Typical Arc Braze Cross-Sections
Figure B1: Two Metal Stackup: Lap Joint Fillet Braze
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Figure B2: Three Metal Stackup Lap Joint Fillet Braze
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Figure B3: T-Joint Fillet Braze
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Figure B4: Flare V-Groove Braze
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Figure B5: Flare Bevel-Groove Braze

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Figure B6: Flare Edge-Groove Braze
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Appendix C: Typical Cross Sections of Filled Slot Joints
Figure C1: Arc Welding Two-Metal Stackup Filled Slot Joint

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Figure C2: Arc Brazing Two-Metal Stackup Filled Slot Joint

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Figure C3: Arc Brazing Three-Metal Stackup Filled Slot Joint

Appendix D: Attributes, Criteria and Discontinuities for Arc Welds
Table D1: Determining When an Arc Weld is Discrepant and Must be Repaired
Note 1: See 3.2.5 for details.

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Appendix E: Attributes, Criteria and Discontinuities for Arc Brazes
Table E1: Determining When a Weld Braze is Discrepant and Must be Repaired

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Appendix F: Repair Procedures for Arc Welds
Note 1
Table F1: Repair Procedures for Discontinuities in Arc Welds
Note 1: The repair filler metal used for “reweld” must be the filler metal specified for the original weld.
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Appendix G: Repair Procedures for Discrepant Arc Brazes
Note 1
Table G1: Repair Procedures for Discrepant Arc Brazes
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Note 1: The repair filler metal must be the filler metal specified for the original braze.

Appendix H: Weld Acceptability Flow Charts
Is there
undercut in the
weld bead? NO
YES
Is the
depth of undercut
Undercut is
greater than the larger NO
Acceptable
value of 10% of tmin
or 0.1mm?
YES
Is the
undercut located in
the first or last 5mm
YES of the weld
bead?
NO
In the
center section of NO
Weld is the weld bead, is the
YES
Discrepant depth of undercut
greater than 30%
of tmin?
NO
YES Is the
length of undercut
greater than the
maximum allowable
discontinuity length
in Table 1?
Figure H1: Undercut Acceptability Flow Chart
--```,`,`````````````,,-`-``,```,,,`---

Do
Not
pores exist in the weld NO
Applicable
bead?
YES
Is individual
YES oval pore length-to-width
ratio > 3
NO
Identify number of
pores in any 25mm
1 2 or 3 4 or more
Is Is a Are pores
pore diameter pore diameter in a 5mm diameter
> 2mm? > 1mm? circle?
YES YES
YES NO NO NO
Porosity is
acceptable.
Weld bead is Is a
discrepant. YES pore diameter
> 0.5mm?
Porosity is
NO
acceptable.
Figure H2: Porosity Acceptability Flow Chart
--```,`,`````````````,,-`-``,```,,,`---

Obtain Specified Weld Length (Lw)

from Weld Design Document
Use Table 1 to Calculate the

Minimum Required Weld Length
Lr = Lw – Lt
Measure Actual Weld Length (La)
Identify and Measure All

Is La ≥ Lr? YES
Discontinuities
NO
Is any single
discontinuity length > the
YES
maximum allowable length
from Table 1?
NO
Add up the Total Length of

All Discontinuities (Ld)
Calculate the Effective

Weld Length:
--```,`,`````````````,,-`-``,```,,,`---
Le = La - Ld
Weld bead is
NO Is Le ≥ Lr?
discrepant.
YES
Weld bead length is

acceptable.
Figure H3: Weld Bead Length Acceptability Flow Chart


Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures Arc Welds and Arc Brazes - Steel

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Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures Arc Welds and Arc Brazes - Steel

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WORLDWIDE Material Specification

Weld Acceptance Criteria and Repair Procedures

consistent with service loading requirements, they

 Gas Metal Arc Brazing (GMAB) None

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September 2009 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 32

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convexity interferes with subsequent assembly

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3.3.3.8 Rollover. Rollover is acceptable provided it

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Arc Brazing: A group of welding processes that

opening displacement on the exterior surface. Also

Crater: The area at the end of a weld bead where

Coalescence: The growing together or growth into

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September 2009 Page 5 of 32

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electrode (non-consumable) and the work pieces.

Melt-Through: Weld metal visibly extending

Flux Cored Arc Weld (FCAW): An arc welding

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Pore: A single cavity discontinuity or surface

Spatter: The metal particles expelled during arc

Required Weld Length (Lr): The specified length

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW): An arc

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Weld Crater: See Crater.

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f Weld face tmin Thickness of the thinner metal to be

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Appendix A: Typical Arc Weld Cross-Sections

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Figure A7: T-Joint - Concave Fillet Weld

Figure A8: T-Joint - Convex Fillet Weld

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Figure A10: Flare-V-Groove Weld, Convex

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Figure A11: Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld, Concave