WHERE DOES THE GLYCOLYSIS OCCOUR?

- cytoplasm; cytoplasmic fluid ng cell

CYTOPLASM – everything inside the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.
CYTOSOL – fluid found inside the cell.
- It acts as a messenger
- Concentrates its dissolved molecules into correct position of efficient metabolism.
- It found outside of the nucleus
- Made up of A.A sugars at dissolved ions and proteins.
- Include Signal Transduction of organelles
- Signal transduction is the signal transmission.

4 types of tissue

- These tissues are tightly joined into a functional unit.

- As the level of Hierarchical of organs are made of?
- According to them that the organ is usually constructed or made up of two or more different tissues.

Cells are tightly joined into functional unit (that’s why cell junctions pass through here)
Cell junctions in animals – it holds animal cells together; provide contact or adhesion between
neighbouring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix in animals. Also it helps to communicate
sanibang cells.
HOW THERY COMMUNICATE?

- Through their own language of chemical signals.

- Animal calls communicate via their extracellular matrices and are connected to each other via tights
junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions; via specialized protein.

One of the types of the cell- we have gap junctions, adherens, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.
Membrane Proteins- connexins
Connexins - form of tiny fluid filled tunnels called connexions
Connexon – it allows the movement of ions and small molecules between cells; form the pore for a gap
junction between the cytoplasm of two adjacent cells.
Tight junctions – are areas where the membranes of two adjacent cells join together to form a barrier; to
prevent leakage of transported solutes and water and seal the paracellular pathway.

*EPITHELIAL TISSUE

- A wide spread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and
hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands. They perform a variety of functions that include
protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.
- Cells are closely packed with little or no extracellular matrix except for basal lamina that separates the
epithelia are protection from the environment, coverage, secretion and excretion, absorption, and
filtration.
  Location of Squamous epithelium
- Air sacs of Lungs, Kidneys, Blood Vessels and Lymph vessels
- Found in Capillaries, Alveoli, Glomeruli, and often other tissues where rapid diffusion is required.
 Characteristics to classify the covering and lining of ET
- The number of cell layers. One layer: simple epithelium; several layer: stratified epithelium.
SIMPLE EPITHELIUM - consists of a single layer of cells.
SEVERAL EPITHELIUMS – consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, with some cells sitting on the
top of others.
- Shape of the cells.

*CONNECTIVE TISSUE

-have two basic elements which are Extracellular matrix (ECM) and Cells.
- ECM is the material located at space of the cells. Material: Protein fibers.
Types or Example

- Loose dense cartilage and Bone and Liquid.

- Example of loose tissue is Adipose Reticular
- Adipose is (served? or) servers as energy reserve support and protect.
- Reticular Connective Tissue (RTC) – filters and removes worn out blood cells; under ng loose

*MUSCLE TISSUE

- Functions in movement; we have skeletal muscle, cardiac and smooth muscle.

Smooth Muscle (SM) – is connected at bones or attached by tendons

- Responsible for voluntary movement
- Lack of striations
- Sees in urinary bladder, arteries and digestive tract
Cardiac Muscle (CM) – contractile tissues of heart.
SM and CM are striated.

*NERVOUS TISSUE
-forms a communication network
- Stimuli and transmit information from the one part of animal to another.
- converts stimuli into nerve impulses
Functional Unit of NT – is nerve cell or neuron
Neuron – it conduct electrical nerve impulses
Location – sa NS
Part of Neuron in the Spinal Cord – axon, the cell body and dendrites