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DETERMINATION, AND
PATTERNING IN DROSOPHILA
NEELAM DEVPURA
(M.Sc. ,NET)
CSIR-UGC JRF
Neelam Devpura, GSBTM Presentation, MNVSC 28-4-15
LIFE CYCLE DROSOPHILA
Metamorphosis: Embryogenesis:
differentiation of differentiation
the imago (adult) of the larva
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Drosophila body plan
Oocyte formation
Genetic control of axis specification
Anterior-posterior
Dorsal-ventral
Segmentation genes
Homeotic genes
Neelam Devpura, GSBTM Presentation, MNVSC
Neelam Devpura, GSBTM Presentation, MNVSC 28-4-15
DROSOPHILA FERTILIZATION
Eggs are activated prior to fertilization.
- oocyte nucleus has resumed meiotic division
- stored mRNAs begin translation
Eggs have begun to specify axes by the point of fertilization.
• Pupae
• Adult
• 8 abdominal segments
• Each different from each other
T2 – legs &
wings
T3 – legs &
halteres
• Gap genes
• Pair-rule genes
engrailed
nanos trap:
Staufen allows
oskar translation
Oskar binds nanos;
remains in posterior
Nanos prevents
hunchback translation
Early cleavage
embryo proteins
hunchback translation
repressed by Nanos
caudal translation
repressed by Bicoid
Bicoid – homeodomain
transcription factor;
morphogen
Martin Klingler
Dorsal:
- large amount = mesoderm
- lesser amount = glial/ectodermal
Dorsal activates genes that create
Dorsal
mesodermal phenotype
- transcribed only in cells with highest
Dorsal concentrations
- these genes have low affinity enhancers
ventral cells
(lots of Dorsal necessary) form medoderm
Dorsal also inhibits dorsalizing genes
Neelam Devpura, GSBTM Presentation, MNVSC 28-4-15
Zygotic Patterning Genes
decapentaplaegic (dpp),
zerknüllt (zen), tolloid are
dorsal patterning genes
- repressed by Dorsal
huckebein
hunchback
giant
Pair-rule genes
even-skipped
fushi tarazu
Wolpert, 2007
e.g. – even-skipped
labial (lab)
proboscipedia (pb)
Deformed (Dfd)
Sex combs reduced (Scr)
Antennapedia (Antp)
Ultrabithorax (Ubx)
abdominal A (abd-A)
Abdominal B (Abd-B)
Antennapeida – Ultrabithorax –
thoracic abdomen
•Dominant mutations that cause Ubx to gain function in the wing transform that
structure into a haltere.
Torso activated by
Torso-like protein
- located only at
ends of egg
Distinction between
anterior and posterior
= Bicoid
Bicoid = acron
formation