ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ELECSLAB2 – Electronic Circuits Analysis and Design (LAB)

Experiment 4: Frequency Response

Submitted by: Andrew B. Victoriano
Submitted to: Engr. Irister Javel
Date Submitted: March 11, 2021

I Data and Results

Table and Figure for Frequency Response

Computed Simulated

fl input 31.0395 Hz

fl output 176.8388 Hz Flc= 1.9263 kHz

fl bypass 1.8153 kHz

fh input ------- Fhc= 11.4963 MHz

 Table and Figure for AC Analysis

beta Q1 170.5920

Computed Simulated % Difference

VTH 1.3943 V 1.33 V 4.61

RTH 1.859 kΩ ------- -------

IE 6.2643 mA 6.17 mA 1.51

r'e 4.1505 Ω ------- -------

Rc 166.22 Ω ------- -------

Av 40.0842 34 15.18

Vout (mid) 801.684 mV 680 mV 15.18

70.7% of Vout (mid) 566.7906 480.76 15.18

 Table for Input Frequency vs Output Voltage

f (Hz) Vo (mV)

50 10.25

100 26.5

200 68

400 157

600 237

800 305.5

1k 364

1.5k 471

2k 535

3k 600

5k 650

10k 670

50k 675

100k 680

300k 685

500k 680

600k 675

700k 680

900k 675

1M 680

10M 670

50M 590

100M 473

150M 375
II. Calculations

RTH= R1||R2

= 12kΩ||2.2kΩ

= 1.859kΩ

R2
VTH= VCC( )
R 2+ R 1

2.2 kΩ
= 9V
2.2 kΩ+12 kΩ

= 1.3943 V

1.3943 V −1.33 V
VTH % difference=
1.3943 V
= 4.61 %
__________________________________________________________________________________________

VTH −VBE
IE=
RTH
+R E
( B+1)

1.3943V −0.7 V
IE=
1.859 k Ω
+ 100Ω
(170.5920+1)

IE= 6.2643 mA

6.2643 mA −6.17 mA
IE % difference=
6.2643 mA
= 1.5054%

26 mV
r’e=
IE

26 mV
r’e=
6.2643 mA

r’e= 4.1505 Ω
 Rc= RC||RL

Rc= 220 Ω|| 680 Ω

Rc= 166.22 Ω

Rc
Av=
r' e

166.22Ω
Av=
4.1505Ω

Av= 40.0482

40.0842−34
Av % difference=
40.0842
= 15.1785%

Vout(mid)= Av(input voltage)

Vout(mid)= 40.0842(20mV)
= 801.684 mV

801.684 mV −680 mV
Vout(mid) % difference=
801.684 mV
= 15.1785%

70.7% of Vout(mid)(calcu)= (0.707)(801.684 mV)

= 566.7906 mV

70.7% of Vout(mid)(meas)= (0.707)(680 mV)

= 480.76 mV

566.7906 mV −480.76 mV
70.7% of Vout(mid) % difference=
566.7906
= 15.1785 %
 1
fl(input)=
2 π ( RTH II Rib)(C 1)

1
=
2 π (1.859 k Ω II (170.5920 x 4.1505 Ω))(10 uF)

= 31.0395 Hz

1
fl(output)=
2 π ( RC + RL)(C 2)

1
=
2 π (220 Ω+680 Ω)(1uF )

= 176.8388 Hz

1
fl(bypass)=
2 π (r ' e II R e)(C 3)

1
=
2 π (4.1505Ω II 100Ω)(22 uF)

= 1.8153 kHz
III. Learnings and Realizations

The experiment is divided into three main tasks, AC analysis, cutoff frequency, and output voltage for
input frequency. The first part, AC analysis, is the same as the previously done experiments that have a BJT
(2n3904) in it. The methods of measurement and calculations are the same, albeit only a few characteristics to
find this time. The only attribute needed for this experiment are IE and VB (VTH), which means stick probes in
the emitter and base part of the BJT and using Thevenin and KVL for calculated values. Only thing that might be
confusing is the changing values due to AC sources but can be easily remedied by focusing on the DC values
only.

The next part. Cutoff frequencies, is new and introduced a new method for measurement which is the
AC sweep. The process involved running the circuit through AC Sweep with the node at RL as the focused for it
displays the output voltage of the circuit. Next is finding the frequency with 3 dB less than the input which can
be done by putting -3 in the find Y value function of the graph. This will then show two values which will be
your simulated low and high cutoff frequencies. To calculate cutoff frequencies, you have to find reactance of
each individual capacitors in the circuit. This part of the experiment is confusing at first, and the student have to
re watch the instructions a number of times before being able to do it for his work.

Lastly, output voltages by input frequencies. The task is easier compared to the last one as it only
involves varying the input frequency and using an oscilloscope to determine the output voltage. Doing this
experiment through Multisim is easier compared to actual as the actual function generators have sometimes
inaccurate and changing frequencies and some oscilloscope have technical issues compared to Multisim where
everything is as it should be.