Basic Electrical Engineering

Tutorial on
Single Phase AC Systems

1. Triangular voltage wave has the following values over one half cycle, both halves being symmetrical about the
zero axis.

Time 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(rms)
Voltag 0 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 4 2 0
e (V)
Plot one half-cycle of the waveform and hence determine:
a) The average value,
b) The r.m.s. value,
c) The form factor

2. Four voltages are represented by

v1 = 100 sin 314t ;v2 = 250 cos314t ; v3 = 150 sin (314t + π/6); v4 = 150 sin (314t - π/4).
a) Calculate the resultant voltage and express it in the form v = V m100 sin (314t± φ)
b) What will be the resultant voltage if v2 is reversed in sign?

3. A circuit takes a current i=20 sin (314t – π/6) amperes when the supply voltage is v = 100 sin 314t. Calculate the
impedance, phase angle, resistance and inductance of the circuit. (Ans: 5 Ω, 30 o, 4.33 Ω, 7.96 x 10-3 H)

4. A single phase alternating current circuit consists of a resistance coil of 20 Ω and an inductive coil of inductance
0.1 H and of negligible resistance connected in series. A voltage of 240 V at 50 Hz is applied to the ends of the
circuit. Calculate; a) the current in the circuit ; b) the potential differences across each element in the circuit. (Ans:
6.45 A; 129 V; 202.5 V)

5. A series circuit consists of a 300 Ω non-inductive resistor, a 7.95 µF capacitor and a 2.06 H inductor of negligible
resistance. If the supply voltage is 250 V at 50 Hz, calculate : a) the circuit current ; b) the phase angle; c) the
voltage drop across each element. (Ans: 0.643 A; 39.46 o, 192.9 V, 416 V, 257.2 V)

6. A circuit consists of two coils in series connected to a 200 V a.c. supply. The first coil has a resistance of 6 Ω and
inductive reactance of 8 Ω. Calculate; a) the total impedance of the circuit; b) the current; c) the circuit phase
angle; d) the voltage drop in each coil. (Ans: 21.1 Ω, 9.48 A, 58.5 o, 105.98 V, 94.8 V)

7. A coil takes a current of 2 A when connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply and consumes 200 W. Calculate
the resistance, impedance and inductance of the coil. (Ans: 50 Ω, 120 Ω, 0.347 H)

8. A coil of resistance 12 Ω and inductance 0.05 H, a non-inductive resistor of 20 Ω resistance and a loss-free 40 µF
capacitor are connected in series across a 240 V, 50 Hz sinusoidal supply. Calculate ; a) the current; b) the voltage
across the coil and the capacitor; c) the power consumed in the circuit; d) the power consumed by the coil; and e)
the power factor of the circuit. (Ans: 3.37 A; 66.6 V; 267.9 V ; 363.4 W; 136.3 W ; 0.44)

9. A 2 kW load takes a current of 16 A from a 200 V a.c.supply. Calculate the active and reactive componenets of the
current. (Ans: 10 A, 12.48 A)
10. A single phase load of 30 kW at 0.6 power factor lagging is fed from 200 V a.c supply. Calculate the kVA
andkVAr of the load. (Ans: 50; 40)

11. A 240 V, single-phase induction motor delivers 16.4 kW at full load. The efficiency of the motor at this load is
86% and the power factor 0.75 lagging. Calculate the following: i) the current in the motor, ii) the kW input ; iii)
the kVA input.

12. A coil of resistance 10 Ω and inductance 0.02 H is connected in series with another coil of resistance 6 Ω and
inductance 15 mH across a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate a) the impedance of the circuit, b) The voltage drop
across each coil, c) the total power consumed by the circuit. (19.41 ∟34.48 o Ω, 139.95 ∟-2.35.48o V, 90.42
∟3.65o V, 2246.76 W)

13. A parallel circuit consists of two branches, one containing a coil of resistances 5Ω and inductance 38.2 mH, the
other a non-inductive resistance 16 Ω in series with a capacitor of 300 µF capacitance. The circuit is connected to a
240 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine: a) the current in each branch; b) the total current ; c) the circuit phase angle d)
the circuit impedance; e) the components of an equivalent circuit consisting of a resistance and reactance. (18.46
A, 12.5 A, 20.24 A, 30.04o, 11.86 Ω)

14. Two impedances Z1and Z2 are connected inparallel. The first branch takes a leading current of 16 A and has a
resistance of 5 Ω while the second branch takes a lagging current at power factor 0.8. The total power supplied is 5
kW, the applied voltage being (100 + j 100) V. Determine the complex expressions for branch currents and total
current and for the circuit constants. (Ans: -10 + j 11.8 A, 18.7 + j 9.2 A, 7.9 + j 21.1 A)

15. A coil of inductance 80 mH and resistance 120 Ω is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz single phase supply. In parallel
with it is a series combination of 16 µF capacitor and a 40 Ω non inductive resistor. Determine the power factor of
combined circuit, the total power taken from the supply and current through each branch. (Ans: 0.943 lead, 472
W, 1.87 ∟-11.82oA, 1.13 ∟78.62oA )

16. Two impedances given by Z1=(10 + j 5) and Z2=(8 + j 6) are joined in parallel across a voltage of V = (200 + j 0)
volts. Calculate the circuit current, its phase and the branch currents. Draw the vector diagram. ( Ans 37.7 ∟-
320Ω, 37.7 ∟-32oA).

17. An industrial load consists of the following: a)a load of 200 kVA at 0.8 P.f. lagging, b) a load of 50 kW at unity
P.f., c) a load of 48 kW at 0.6 P .f. leading. Calculate the total kVAr, total kVA and the overall power factor.

18. In the network shown in fig 1, determine a) the total impedance, b) the total current, c) the current in each branch,
d) the overall power factor, e) apparent power, f) active power and g) reactive power. (Ans: 12.65 + j4.82 Ω,
15.87-j6.04 A, 3907.7 VA, 3651.7 W, 1390.8 VAR)
19. For the network shown in fig 2, determine a) the voltage VBC and b) Z1 and the element it contains. ( Ans: 50 – j50
V, 2 - j6 Ω)

5+j5Ω Z1
7Ω 0.015 H

10 + j10 Ω
5Ω 0.01 H 180 µ F
12 Ω

10 ∟0o A
230 V, 50 Hz 100 ∟0o V

Fig 1
Fig 2