SDO MALABON CITY

9
SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING
MATERIALS IN ENGLISH 9
Quarter 1
 LESSON 1/WEEK 1

EXPECTATIONS
MELC Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using modals
Specific Competency
EN9G-IVc-23: Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using modals
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define modals and their functions
2. Construct meaningful sentences using the correct modals
3. Value the significance of modals in academic writing

PRE-TEST

Let’s find out how much you already know about this lesson.
Read carefully each item and write the letter of the most appropriate
answer on your answer sheet.

1. I’m reading my notes. ______ you turn down the volume? It’s too loud.
A. Can B. Must C. Can’t D. Should
2. Carla ________ hear about the marriage proposal tomorrow. It’s a
surprise!
A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. can D. mustn’t
3. We ________ be at school at least ten minutes before the flag
ceremony.
A. can B. wouldn’t C. can’t D. have to
4. ________ I borrow your laptop, please?
A. Should B. Must C. Can D. May
5. You’ve never heard of Angel Locsin? You ________ be serious!
A. must B. had to C. can’t D.
shouldn’t

LOOKING BACK
As you have learned from your previous lesson, a helping
verb is a verb that precedes the main verb in a sentence. A
helping verb is also called an “auxiliary verb,” and words may or
may not separate a helping verb from the main verb. The main
purpose of a helping verb is to support the main verb by providing it with a
clearer meaning.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Welcome! You are now on your next journey!

In this lesson, you will learn another type of verbs which is
Modal. When we say modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary
verbs, modal auxiliaries), these are special verbs which behave irregularly in
English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They
give additional information about the function of the main verbs that follow
them. They have a great variety of communicative functions. Modal verbs
are used to express functions such as permission, obligation, and
prohibition.
Which modal verb do we use and when?
Modal verb Use Example

can permission/request Can I use your phone

may polite permission/request please?
May I borrow your pen?
You must follow the traffic
must obligation rules.
have to/has to Students have to submit
their project on time.
You can’t take pictures
can’t prohibition / inside the bank.
mustn’t refusing permission When you are inside the
church you mustn’t talk.

ACTIVITIES

A. Read the following situations and on a separate sheet, construct

sentences using the appropriate modal of permission.
1. You are a student and you formally ask your teacher for permission to
leave the room.
2. You tell your friend that there is a rule against using cellphones at
school. Don’t use ‘mustn’t’.
3. Tell your classmate that it’s not allowed to bring a friend to the meeting.
4. Ask a friend for permission to use her phone. Be informal.
5. Ask for permission to leave early today. Use an informal negative
question.
B. The Obligation Hotel
For you next activity, imagine that you have
taken over the management of a hotel. Look at
the following information and decide what rules
you are going to have in the hotel. Use modal verbs of obligation and
prohibition to create the rules. Write your answers on a separate sheet.
Examples:
Guests must check out before midday.
Guests mustn’t smoke in their room.
Guests have to leave their key when they go out.
Guests can’t order breakfast after 10 a.m.

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING

Guests Rules
Checking in and out
1. check out time? 1.
2. check in time? 2.
3. pay by cash/credit card? 3.
4. If a guest checks out late? 4.
5. If a guest wants to stay longer? 5.
Rooms
1. leave key when guests go out? 1.
2. smoking in the room? 2.
3. have visitors? 3.
Meals
1. breakfast start/finish time? 1.
2. book a table for lunch/dinner? 2.
3. tipping? 3.
Other rules

Staff Rules
Working hours
1.
1. Work weekends (how often?)
2.
2. Holiday leave? 3.
3. If a member of staff is sick?
Clothes
1. wear uniform? 1.
2. clothing for receptionist/bellboys? 2.
3. clothing for kitchen staff? 3.
Other rules
Re-write the following sentences on your separate sheet using the correct
modal.
1. It's obligatory for all drivers to undergo a 15-hour driving seminar.
2. You are not allowed to use a calculator during examination.
3. It’s compulsory for Rina to attend the meeting.
4. Students are not allowed to enter the Science laboratory if they don’t
have their teacher.
5. You are allowed to go home after the rehearsal.

POST-TEST

Supply the correct modal to complete the sentence. Write your answer on
your answer sheet.
1. You _______ be exhausted after your business trip. Come in and have a
drink.
2. Baggage _______ be left unattended.
3. You _______ see the Intramuros and Luneta Park when you go to the
Philippines.
4. My doctor said that I _______ stop smoking or I'll risk serious problems.
5. Tell your brother he _______ use my car for the delivery of parcels.

References:
http://wootest.free.fr/02%20English%20Grammar%20-%20Verbs%20-
%2003%20Modal%20Verbs_PDF.pdf
https://www.tolearnenglish.com/english_lessons/modals-obligation-exercises
https://www.english-practice.at/b1/grammar/modal-verbs/mod008-modal-verbs.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?q=bulb+thinking+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj6ga
S41r_qAhVowIsBHVDzBikQ2-
 LESSON 2/WEEK 2

Grade Level: Grade 9

Subject: English
Grading Period Quarter 1
Focused Most Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using
Essential Learning modals (EN9G-IV-23)
Competency (MELC)
Lesson No. 2

EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

1. Define phrasal modal
2. Cite the significance of utilizing modals in writing argumentative
essay
3. Rephrase sentences using the proper modals

PRE-TEST

Directions: Read the definitions below. Choose the correct term from the
box that matches the definition. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

argumentative body phrasal modal

conclusion have to

1. A type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue

2. An expression that has the same meaning as one of the true modals
3. A phrasal modal expressing strong obligation
4. Part of essay that includes text evidence that supports reasons
5. Part of essay that restates claim and summarizes reasoning

LOOKING BACK

Questions
1. What are the functions of the different modals you learned from
Lesson 1?
2. Give two sentences using the given modals. Write on your
separate sheet of paper.
may must must not
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

This module will assist you in identifying the usage of phrasal modal and its
application in academic writing specifically in writing argumentative essays.

What is Phrasal Modal?

 A phrasal modal is an expression that has the same meaning as one

of the true modals
must = have to
You must quit smoking (true modal)
should = supposed to, ought to
You have to quit smoking (phrasal modal)

Rules Examples

1. Use [be] + allowed to for The boss said he is allowed to

expressing permission
2. Use have to/have got/had
better + [the base form of the
verb] for expressing obligation
5. Use [be] + not allowed to /
do not have to for expressing
prohibition
take a leave tomorrow.
We have to conduct more
research.
We have got to leave now, or
we’ll miss our plane.
You had better memorize all of
these rules about tenses.
He is not allowed to go out
after 10 P.M.
You do not have to text Louie,
he’s just over there.

Modals or Phrasal Modals can be used for academic writing like in

writing an argumentative essay.

What is an argumentative essay?

 The writer argues his or her point, gives reasons to support it, and
tries to convince the reader.
How do you write an argumentative essay?
 Choose a topic
 Brainstorm
 Prepare an outline
 Write your essaySample topics for argumentative essay

 Which second languages are worth studying today?

 What can be done to assist teenagers in maintaining a healthy
weight?
 ACTIVITIES

A. On your separate answer sheet, complete the sentences using have to +

the verbs on the list. Some sentences are positive (I have to… etc.) and
some are negative (I don’t have to… etc.):

ask do get up go make pay show

Examples:
I’m not working tomorrow so, I don’t have to get up early.
Steve didn’t know how to use the computer, so I had to show him.
1. Excuse me for a moment – I _______________________ a phone call. I
won’t be long.
2. I’m not so busy. I have few things to do, but I ______________________
them now.
3. I couldn’t find the street I wanted. I _______________________
somebody for directions.
4. The car park is free. You ____________________ to park your car
there.
5. A man was injured in the accident, but he _______________________
to hospital because it wasn’t serious.
B. Write a five paragraph argumentative essay using modals or phrasal
modals. Choose one topic from the list below and follow the outline.
 The Impact and Role of Mass Media During the Pandemic (COVID-19)
 Dependence on Computers
 Are school uniforms beneficial?

Title
[Example: Are Video Games Harmful?]
Introduction Start the essay with an enticing hook
Body paragraph 1 Supporting argument
Video games are harmful
because_____________
Body paragraph 2 Supporting argument
Write additional evidences
supporting your paragraph 1
Body paragraph 3 Opposing argument
Some people might disagree. They
may believe________________
because_______________
Conclusion Wrap up the arguments in the
conclusion
In conclusion, the text shows that
videogames are harmful by
pointing out that________________
 REMEMBER

To summarize, here are the key concepts you should remember in

today’s lesson.
 Modals/phrasal modals can control the tone of the argument. In
academic writing, remember that strong modals (must, have to,
have got, had better) help writers to assert their main points while
weaker modals (may, might, could, can, and would) help writers
make an opposing opinion sound weak.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

To check your understanding, kindly answer the following questions.

 How many phrasal modals did we learn today?
 What are the functions of these phrasal modals?
 How can we use them in writing argument
essay?
 What can you generalize from our lesson today’s
lesson?

POST-TEST

Directions: Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is
false. Answer on a separate sheet.

1. May, Must, Can’t and Mustn’t are examples of phrasal modals.

2. Phrasal modals are phrases which form a single verb group with another
verb and which affect the meaning of that verb in the same way that a
modal verb does.
3. The modal may has an equal meaning to the phrasal modal ‘[be] +
allowed to’
4. Argumentative essay is usually fun to read because it tells a story.
5. Choosing a topic is the first step in writing an argumentative essay.

REFERENCES

https://justbuyessay.com/blog/argumentative-essay-topics
https://oh01913306.schoolwires.net/cms/lib/OH01913306/Centricity/Domain/207/Argumentative%20Essa
y%20Outline.pdf
 LESSON 3/WEEK 3

Grade Level: Grade 9

Subject: English
Grading Period Quarter 1
Focused Most Express permission, obligation, and prohibition using
Essential Learning modals (EN9G-IV-23)
Competency (MELC)
Lesson No. 2

EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

1. Recognize other modals and their functions
2. Distinguish the difference of a modal from other modal verbs
3. Value the significance of modals in communication

PRE-TEST

Directions: Read the definitions below. Choose the correct term from the
box that matches the definition. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

May Have to Don’t have to

Had to Could

1. A polite modal verb used to ask for permission

2. Also used to ask for permission. It is less formal than using may
3. Used much more frequently in everyday speech and writing than
must
4. The past form of have to and have got to is _____________.
5. Expresses the idea that something is not necessary

LOOKING BACK

Questions

1. What are the functions of the different modals you learned from
Lesson 1?
2. Give two sentences with the use of each modal.

May must must not

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION

This module will introduce you to other modal verbs expressing permission,
obligation, lack of necessity, and prohibition.

Expressing Permission

Modal Verb for Definition and Example

Permission
Could Could is also used to ask for permission. It is
less formal than using may.
Example:
Could I bring a friend to the party?
Could I speak to Marco, please?

The examples above are all with “I”. This is because it is most common to
ask permission for yourself. However, it is also possible to ask permission
for another person:

 Could he try again?

 Could they eat here?

We also use could to say that something was permitted in the past:

Example: When I was a child, I could do basically anything that I wanted to

do.

Expressing Obligation

Modal Verbs for Definition and Example

Obligation
Has/Have to *is used much more frequently in everyday
speech and writing than must.
Forms: Examples:
Rowena has to go to the bank.
[Pedro/He/She/It] + has I’d like to go with you to the movie this
to evening, but I
[Pedro and can’t I have to go to a meeting.
Anna/I/They] + have to *is usually used in questions, not must or have
to. Forms of do are used with have to in
questions.
Example:
Do we have to bring pencils to the test?
Has/Have got to is typically used in informal conversation.

Forms: Examples:
[Pedro/He/She/It] + has Joshua has got to study tonight.
got to Bye now! I’ve got to go. My wife’s waiting
for me. I’ll call you later.
[Pedro and
Anna/I/They] + have
got to
The past form of have to and have got to is had to.

Expressing Lack of Necessity and Prohibition

Modal Verbs for Lack Definition and Example

of Necessity and
Prohibition
Doesn’t/Don’t have to expresses the idea that something is not
necessary.
Forms:
Examples:
[Pedro/He/She/It] + Tomorrow is a holiday. Mary doesn’t have
doesn’t have to to go to class.
I finished all of my homework this afternoon.
[Pedro and I don’t have to study tonight.
Anna/I/They] + don’t
have to
Must not expresses prohibition (DO NOT DO THIS!)
Examples:
Children, you must not play with matches!
We must not use that door. The sign says
PRIVATE: DO NOT ENTER

ACTIVITIES

I. Directions: Ask permission or offer to do something. Use the modal verb

in brackets ().
Example of asking permission:
You want to borrow my pen. (Could)
Could I borrow your pen, please?

Write your answers on a separate sheet.

1. You want to look at my photos. (Could)
____________________ at your photos, please?
2. You want to play with my Nintendo. (Could)
____________________with your Nintendo, please?

3. You want to drive my new car. (Could)

____________________ your new car, please?
II. Directions: Interview someone with the following questions. Write down
his or her responses.
1. What are some things you have to do today? tomorrow? everyday?
2. What is something you had to do yesterday?

III. Directions: Complete the sentences with don’t/doesn’t have to or must

not.
1. Liz finally got a car, so now she usually drives to work. She
____________________ take the bus.
2. Tommy, you ____________________ say that word. It’s not a nice word.

REMEMBER

To summarize, here are the key concepts you should remember in today’s
lesson.

Could is also used to ask for permission. Has/Have to and Has/Have got
to are used to express obligation. Doesn’t/Don’t have to for lack of
necessity while Must not is for prohibition.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

To check your understanding, kindly answer the following questions.

 How many modals did we study today?

 What are their functions?
 What can you generalize from our today’s
lesson?

POST-TEST

Directions: On your answer sheet, write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if
the statement is false.

1. Have to and have got to are modals for prohibition.

2. The present form of have to and have got to is had to.
3. Must not expresses the idea that something is not necessary.
4. Has/Have got to is typically used in informal conversation.
5. Doesn’t/Don’t have to expresses prohibition

REFERENCES

Azar, Betty (1941). Fundamentals of English Grammar, 3rd ed.