THEORY PERSON ENVIRONMENT HEALTH NURSING

Nightingale Physical, Physical State of well- To facilitate

(1859) intellectual, elements that being healing
Environmental and spiritual affect the using one’s and restore
Theory being healing powers to health by
unable to process: the fullest manipulating
manipulate cleanliness, extent the
the environment light, pure air person’s
to and environment
promote health water, comfort
Peplau (1952) Developing External factors Interpersonal
Interpersonal organism and processes that To develop
Process living in an significant facilitate interaction
unstable others forward between the
equilibrium and movement of nurse
striving to reduce the and the person
anxiety personality
Henderson Biological being, The aggregate Wholeness, the To assist the
(1955) oneness of mind of all ability person
Basic Needs and external to function (well and sick)
body, who has 14 conditions independently to
fundamental affecting life in perform the 14
needs and relation to 14 essential
development needs functions
Levine (1969) Who the person Context in Response of To use
Conservation knows himself or which the the conversation
Theory herself to be person lives his person to the activities aimed
or her environment at
life optimizing the
person’s
resources
Rogers (1970) A unified Pandimensional Patterns of Science and
Science of irreducible energy field living in art; the
Unitary whole; more integral harmony with art of nursing is
Beings than the with the human the the
sum of the parts energy field environment; creative use of
defined science for
by the culture human
or betterment
individual
King (1971) Open system Internal and Ability to adjust A process of
Goal who external to action,
Attainment exhibits elements stressors to reaction, and
Theory characteristics involving achieve interaction
common to temporal and maximum
others spatial potential for
reality daily living
Orem (1971) A unity who Linked to the
Self- functions individual, State in which A triad of
Care Deficit biologically, forming an the interrelated
symbolically, and integrated individual is action systems
Theory socially and system structurally and
whose functionally
functioning is whole
linked
with the
environment
Roy (1976) Biopsychosocial Internal and State or
Adaptation being external process of
Model interacting with a conditions that being or To support the
dynamic surround and becoming an individual’s
environment affect integrated and adaptation
individuals whole to stimuli
person through
adaptation
Paterson & Process of Awareness of State of To respond to
Zderad (1976) becoming the becoming, human
Humanistic in an individual’s well-being, needs and
Nursing environment of uniqueness and rather than build
time and space commonality freedom from humanistic
with disease nursing
others science
Leininger Caring, cultural Interrelated, State of well- To provide
(1978) beings interdependent being care;
Transcultural systems of a that is caring is the
Caring Theory society culturally central,
defined unifying
domain for
nursing
knowledge
and practice
Neuman Wholistic client, Internal and Health and
(1972/ dynamic external wellness is To assist client
1995) Systems composite of factors affecting a condition or adjustments
Model interrelationships and degree required
among affected by the of system for an optimal
physiological, system stability wellness level
psychological, through
sociocultural, accuracy in the
developmental, assessment of
and effects
spiritual variables and possible
effects of
environmental
 stressors
Watson (1979/ Internal and Unity and To assist
1989) Human Person possesses external harmony persons
Caring Theory three spheres: variables within the attain a higher
mind, mind, body, degree
body, and soul; and soul of harmony by
strives offering
to actualize the caring
higher relationships
self that clients can
use for
personal
growth and
development
Parse Inseparable An open A discipline, the
(1981/1995) An open being, from the process of practice of
Human coexisting with individual; becoming that which is a
Becoming the humans emcompasses performing art
Theory environment and the a lived
environment experience,
interchange synthesis
energy, of values, and
and influence rhythmic
one process of
another’s being or
rhythmical becoming
patterns of
relating