PRACTICE PROBLEM NO.

4:

An ideal regenerative cycle is executed with steam generation at 9.0 MPa and 550℃. Before condensation
at 0.02 MPa, steam is extracted for feedwater heating first at 2.5 MPa, second at 1.0 MPa and last at 0.5
MPa. If the mass of the steam generated is 10 kg/s, determine the following:

a. Schematic and Ts diagram

b. Enthalpies, kJ/kg
c. Mass of the steam extracted, kg/s
d. Heat added and rejected, kW
e. Turbine and Total Pump work, kW
f. Net work and Energy Chargeable, kW
g. Overall cycle thermal and engine efficiency, %

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

TS DIAGRAM:
At Point 1: 𝑃 = 9.0𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑇 = 550℃
Condition: Superheated
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟏𝟏. 𝟎
𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝐽
𝑠 = 6.8141
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

At Point 2: 𝑃 = 2.5𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.8141

Condition: Superheated
By Interpolation:
At 2.5 MPa
s, h, T, °C
6.6437 3008.8 300
6.8141 ℎ 𝑇
6.8402 3126.2 350

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟔𝟒
𝒌𝒈
𝑇 = 343.3588℃

At Point 3: 𝑃 = 1.0𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.8141

Condition: Superheated
By Interpolation:
At 1.0 MPa
s, h, T, °C
6.6939 2827.9 200
6.8141 ℎ 𝑇
6.9246 2942.6 250

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟕. 𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟑
𝒌𝒈
𝑇 = 226.0511℃

At Point 4: 𝑃 = 0.5𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.8141

Condition: Wet-mixture
Solving for quality using the given entropy, x:

𝑠 −𝑠 6.8141 − 1.8606
𝑥= = ; 𝑥 = 0.9986
𝑠 4.9606
𝑘𝐽
ℎ =ℎ + 𝑥ℎ = [(640.21) + 0.9986(2108.5)]
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓. 𝟕𝟓𝟖𝟏
𝒌𝒈
At Point 5: 𝑃 = 0.02𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.8141
Condition: Wet-mixture
Solving for quality using the given entropy, x:

𝑠 −𝑠 6.8141 − 0.8319
𝑥= = ; 𝑥 = 0.8453
𝑠 7.0766
𝑘𝐽
ℎ =ℎ + 𝑥ℎ = [(251.38) + 0.8453(2358.3)]
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟓 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟓𝟏𝟎
𝒌𝒈

At Point 6: 𝑃 = 0.02𝑀𝑃𝑎
Condition:Saturated Liquid
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟔 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟑𝟖
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001017
𝑘𝑔

At Point 7: 𝑃 = 0.5𝑀𝑃𝑎
Condition: Compressed Liquid
Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 −𝑃 )
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001017 (500 − 20)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 0.4882
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (0.4882 + 251.38)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟕 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟖𝟔𝟖𝟐
𝒌𝒈

At Point 8: 𝑃 = 0.5𝑀𝑃𝑎
Condition:Saturated Liquid
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟖 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟏
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001093
𝑘𝑔

At Point 9: 𝑃 = 1.0𝑀𝑃𝑎
Condition: Compressed Liquid
Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 −𝑃 )
 𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001093 (1000 − 500)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 0.5465
𝑘𝑔

Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (0.5465 + 640.21)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟗 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎. 𝟕𝟓𝟔𝟓
𝒌𝒈

At Point 10: 𝑃 = 1.0𝑀𝑃𝑎

Condition:Saturated Liquid
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏𝟎 = 𝟕𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟗
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001127
𝑘𝑔

At Point 11: 𝑃 = 2.5𝑀𝑃𝑎

Condition: Compressed Liquid
Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 −𝑃 )
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001127 (2500 − 1000)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 1.6905
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (1.6905 + 762.79)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏𝟏 = 𝟕𝟔𝟒. 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟓
𝒌𝒈

At Point 12: 𝑃 = 2.5𝑀𝑃𝑎

Condition:Saturated Liquid
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏𝟐 = 𝟗𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟗
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
𝜐 = 0.001197
𝑘𝑔

At Point 13: 𝑃 = 9.0𝑀𝑃𝑎

Condition: Compressed Liquid
Using Approximate pump work;

𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 − 𝑃 )
 𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝑊 = 0.001197 (9000 − 2500)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 7.7805
𝑘𝑔
Solving for ℎ ;
ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
ℎ = (7.7805 + 962.09)
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏𝟑 = 𝟗𝟔𝟗. 𝟖𝟕𝟎𝟓
𝒌𝒈

C. MASS OF STEAM EXTRACTED, kg/hr

By Mass and Energy Balance at OH1 , OH2 and OH3;

For OH1;
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑚 +𝑚 = 𝑚

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ
For OH2;
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ
For OH3;
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

Solving for the mass of the steam extracted;

For OH1;

Since;
𝑚 +𝑚 = 𝑚
Let;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
Substituting;
𝑚 ℎ + (𝑚 − 𝑚 )ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) = 𝑚 (ℎ −ℎ )
Then;
ℎ −ℎ
𝑚 =𝑚
ℎ −ℎ

𝑘𝑔 962.09 − 764.4805
𝑚 = 10
𝑠 3110.6064 − 764.4805

𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟐𝟑
𝒔
Also;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (10 − 0.8423)
𝑠

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 9.1577
𝑠

For OH2;

Since;
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚
Let;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
Substituting;
𝑚 ℎ + (𝑚 − 𝑚 )ℎ = 𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) = 𝑚 (ℎ −ℎ )
Then;
ℎ −ℎ
𝑚 =𝑚
ℎ −ℎ

𝑘𝑔 762.79 − 640.7565
𝑚 = 9.1577
𝑠 2887.6613 − 640.7565

𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗𝟕𝟒
𝒔
Also;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
 𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (9.1577 − 0.4974)
𝑠

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 8.6603
𝑠
For OH3;

Since;
𝑚 +𝑚 =𝑚
Let;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚
Substituting;
𝑚 ℎ + (𝑚 − 𝑚 )ℎ = 𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 ℎ +𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ =𝑚 ℎ

𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )
Then;
ℎ −ℎ
𝑚 =𝑚
ℎ −ℎ

𝑘𝑔 640.21 − 251.8682
𝑚 = 8.6603
𝑠 2745.7581 − 251.8682

𝒌𝒈
𝒎𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟔
𝒔
Also;
𝑚 =𝑚 −𝑚

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = (8.6603 − 1.3486)
𝑠

𝑘𝑔
𝑚 = 7.3117
𝑠

D. HEAT ADDED AND REJECTED, kW

Solving for heat added in the boiler;

𝑄 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄 = 10 (3511 − 969.8705)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝑱
𝑸𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐𝟓 𝟒𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

Solving for heat rejected, 𝑄 in kW

𝑄 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )
 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄 = 7.3117 (2244.8510 − 251.38)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝑱
𝑸𝑹 = 𝟏𝟒 𝟓𝟕𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟗 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

E. TURBINE AND PUMP WORK, kW

Solving for Turbine work in kW;

𝑊 =𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ −𝑚 ℎ

𝑊 = [(10)(3511.0) − (0.8423)(3110.6064) − (0.4974)(2887.6613) − (1.3486)(2745.7581)

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
− (7.3117)(2244.8510)] ∙
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟗𝟑𝟕. 𝟎𝟎𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

Solving for the total Work pump in kW;

𝑊 = 𝑊

𝑊 =𝑊 +𝑊 +𝑊 +𝑊

𝑊 =𝑚 𝑊 +𝑚 𝑊 +𝑚 𝑊 +𝑚 𝑊

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = [(10)(7.7805) + (9.1577)(1.6905) + (8.6603)(0.5465) + (7.3117)(0.4882)] ∙
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑷𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟓𝟖𝟖𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

E. NET WORK AND ENERGY CHARGEABLE, kW

Solving for work net in kW;

𝑊 =𝑊 −𝑊

𝑊 = (10937.007 − 101.5885)𝑘𝑊

𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟖𝟑𝟓. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟓𝒌𝑾

Solving for Energy Chargeable in kW;

Since;

𝐸𝑐 = 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
 𝐸𝑐 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝐸𝑐 = 10 (3511 − 962.09)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝑱
𝑬𝒄 = 𝟐𝟓 𝟒𝟖𝟗. 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔

F. OVERAL CYCLE THERMAL AND ENGINE EFFICIENCY, %

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝑄

10835.4185
𝑒 = × 100
25 411.295

𝒆𝑪 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝟎𝟐%

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝐸

10 937.007
𝑒 = × 100
25 489.1

𝒆𝑬 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟗𝟎𝟖𝟔%