Brief

Answers for PASS Worksheet Topic 1

*Note: These answers do not contain the level of detail that PASS Leaders cover in the sessions.

*Note: The answer to Q2 is not a summary of all the possible information associated with sampling methods. See
lecture slides.

Q1.

a) sample = chosen in class (n) population = the whole PASS class (N)

b) E= population parameter – sample statistic

c) Sampling error -> unavoidable. Inherent when taking a sample.

Non-sampling error -> avoidable. Human error component.

Q2.

a. Qualitative (Categorical); Nominal b. Quantitative (Numerical, Discrete); Ratio

c. Quantitative (Numerical, Discrete); Ratio d. Qualitative (Categorical); Nominal
e. Qualitative (Categorical); Ordinal f. Quantitative (Numerical, Continuous); Ratio

Q3.

Method Process Advantages Disadvantages Example

Cluster 1. Divide population Less costly for Clusters may Population normally divided
into large groups. not be into clusters based on
representative, Convenient. representative. geographic location.
non-overlapping Table groups.
clusters.
2. SRS to select
clusters
Sample all items in
selected clusters to
make up sample size.

Stratified 1. Divide population Potential to Lots of effort. Common characteristic could be

into strata based reduce Costly. ‘degree’.
(Proportionate) on a common sampling error. Hard to do in
characteristic (e.g. Representative. practice.
age, occupation, Most
degree) statistically
1. SRS from each efficient
stratum to make method!
up sample size.
Strata should be
represented in the
sample with the
same proportion
as the population.