Moles & Equations

Chapter 1 f 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 dm3 [1]



 
 
 
Total = 10
1 a i The weighted average mass of the atom of
4 a C = 80 20
12 ; H = 1.0 [1]



an element on a scale where one atom of


carbon-12 has a mass of exactly 12 units. C = 6.67; H = 20
[1] divide by lowest
C = 6.67 20

ii (18.7 × 10) +
100
(81.3 × 11) = 10.8 [2] 6.67 = 1; H = 6.67 = 3 [1]



 
 
 
 
 
 



[1 mark for showing masses × % abundance empirical formula is CH3 [1]


or 1 error carried forwards from this] b empirical formula mass = 15

b 2 [1] 15 × n = 30; n = 2, so molecular formula is C2H6

 
 
[1]


c i 184.2 [1]

y

c Any three explanatory statements from:




ii Fe has several isotopes. [1]

jo
volume of gas proportional to number of



Total = 6
moles; [1]


2 a 262.5 [1] mole ratio is 50 : 300 : 200

Bi
 
 
 
 



72 Hf so 1 mol hydrocarbon : 6 mol oxygen : 4 mol
b 180 [1]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
carbon dioxide. [1]



c i (51.5 × 90) + (11.2 × 91) + (17.1 × 92) + (17.4 × 94) + (2.8 × 96) As 4 moles of carbon dioxide from 1 mole
100
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



[2] of hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon has 4 carbon
n

[1 mark for showing masses × % abundance atoms. [1]
di

or 1 error carried forwards from this] 4 carbon atoms will react with 4 moles of
ii The average mass of an atom of a oxygen molecules, leaving 2 moles of oxygen


ud

particular isotope on a scale in which an molecules (4 moles of oxygen atoms) to react

atom of carbon-12 has a mass of exactly with the hydrogen; [1]

12 units. [1] so 4 moles of water formed, meaning 8

Total = 5 hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon. [1]
ah


And final deduced equation:
3 a Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) C4H8 + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 4H2O [1]


 
 
→ 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
 
 
 
 

d moles propane = 24600
al

000 = 0.025 mol [1]


 
 
 
 
[1]

 


 
b molar mass of sodium carbonate calculated mass = 0.025 × 44.0 = 1.1 g [1]
 
 
 

Total = 10
S

correctly = 106 [1]
41.5

moles sodium carbonate = 106 = 0.039 mol [1] 5 a 4Na + TiCl4 → 4NaCl + Ti [2]
 

moles HCl = 2 × 0.039 = 0.078 mol [1]


 
 
 
 

[1 mark for correct formulae; 1 mark for
 
 
 

c The amount of substance that has the same balancing]

number of specified particles / atoms / b 1 mole of TiCl4 gives 1 mole of Ti
molecules, etc. as there are atoms in exactly

189.9 g TiCl4 → 47.9 g Ti [1]
12 g of the carbon-12 isotope (or similar
 
 

47.9 g Ti
 
wording). [1] 1.0 g TiCl4 → 189.9
 
 

25.0
d i moles sodium carbonate = 1000 × 0.0200 47.9 g Ti = 95.9 g Ti
380 g TiCl4 → 380 × 189.9 [1]
 
 
 
 
 




 
 
= 5.0 × 10–4 mol [1] c 4 moles of Na gives 1 mole of Ti


 
 
 

–4 –3
ii moles HCl = 2 × 5.0 × 10 = 1.0 × 10 mol [1] 4 × 23.0 g Na → 47.9 g Ti [1]
1000
 
 
 
 



 
 
 
 
 
 
 

concentration of HCl = 1.0 × 10–3 × 12.50 1.0 g Na → 4 47.9
× 23.0 g Ti

 
 
 
 
–3
 
 
= 0.080 mol dm [1]
 
 
46.0 g Na → 46 × 4 47.9
× 23.0 g Ti = 24.0 g Ti [1]

 
 

e 0.2 mol [1]
 
 
 
 
 

Total = 6
 
 

 

 6 a i 0.0150 dm3 [1] c mass of water is 28.05
56.1 × 18.0 = 9.0 g [1]



 


 
 
 

ii 0.0200 dm3 [1] Total = 5


 

b 0.0200 × 0.0500 = 0.00100 mol [1] 11 a NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) [2]

 
 
 



 
 

c 0.00100 mol [1] [1 mark for reactants and products; 1 mark

 

0.00100 = 0.0667 mol dm–1 [1] for state symbols]
0.0150
 
 

Total = 5 b NH3 = 17.0 g mol–1 [1]

 
 

–1
7 a 80.0 (g mol–1) [1] HCl = 36.5 g mol [1]

 
 

–1


 

0.800 NH4Cl = 53.5 g mol [1]


b 80.0 [1]

 
 
c 10.7


= 0.0100 mol [1] 53.5 g NH4Cl = 10.7 = 0.2 mol [1]
 


 
 

c moles nitrogen(IV) oxide = 0.0100 [1] moles of NH3 and of HCl = 0.2 mol [1]


 

volume = 0.0100 × 24.0 = 0.024 dm = 240 cm3
3
0.2 × 24.0 = 4.8 dm3 of NH3 and HCl [1]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

[1] Total = 8

y

Total = 5

jo
8 a i moles of HCl = 1.20
24.0 = 0.0500 mol [1]



 

ii concentration = moles 0.0500
3 = [1]
volume in dm 0.100

Bi



–3
= 0.500 mol dm [1]


 
 
25.0
b i 0.500 × 1000 [1]



 
 

= 0.0125 mol [1]
n

 

ii moles NaOH = moles of HCl


di

= 0.0125 mol [1]

 

volume = moles
concentration

= 0.0125
ud

3
0.200 = 0.0625 dm [1]

 

Total = 7

9 a moles of Cl2 = 4.80

24.0 = 0.200 mol [1]
ah


 

b moles of NaOCl = moles of Cl2 = 0.200 mol [1]

 

mass of NaOCl = 74.5 × 0.200 = 14.9 g [1]
 
 
 

c moles of NaOH = 2 × moles of chlorine
al

 
 
= 0.400 mol [1]
0.400
 

3
volume of NaOH = 2.00 = 0.200 dm [1]
S
 

–
d Cl2(g) + 2OH (aq)

 
 
→ Cl–(aq) + OCl–(aq) + H2O(l)

 
 
 
 
[1]

Total = 6

10 a 1 mole of CaO gives 1 mole of CaCl2

56.1 g CaO → 111.1 g CaCl2 [1]
 
 

28.05 g CaO → 111.1 × 28.05
56.1 g CaCl2
 
 
 
 
= 55.5 g CaCl2 [1]
 

b 1 mole of CaO reacts with 2 moles of HCl

56.1 g CaO reacts with 73.0 g HCl [1]
 
 

28.05 g CaO reacts with 73.0 × 28.05
56.1 = 36.5 g HCl
 
 
 
 
[1]