CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF

COMPUTER SIMULATION

Dr. Rika Ampuh Hadiguna

Elita Amrina, Ph.D
Computer Simulation (TIA 403) 3/T
Queuing System

Machine  
(Server)  
Arriving   Depar2ng  
7   6   5   4  
Blank  Parts   Finished  Parts  
Queue  (FIFO)   Part  in  Service  

Computer Simulation 2
Queuing System

En2ty   En2ty  begins   En2ty  completes  

arrives   service   service  
Time  
x   x   x  
Event   “Event”   Event  

Possible   Possible  of  2me  

passage  of  2me   for  serving  
in  queue   of  en2ty  

Process  describing  the  flow  of  an  en2ty  through  a  system  

Computer Simulation 3
Common Modeling Elements
Type of system Entities Attributes Resources Queues

Manufacturing Part Part number, Machines, Queues or

due date workers buffers

Communications Message Destination, Nodes, links Buffers

message
length
Airport Airplane Flight number, Runways, Queues
weight gates

Insurance agency Application, Name, policy Agents, clerks Queues

claim number,
amount

Computer Simulation 4
Activity Cycle Diagram (ACD)
•  The activity cycle diagram (ACD) is a method
to describe the interactions of objects in a
system.

•  Activity Cycle Diagram can be created with

two symbols as follow:

Computer Simulation 5
Activity Cycle Diagram (ACD)
•  The objects in a system can be classified into
two classes:
1)  transient object or entity that receives the
services and leaves the system,
2)  resident object or resource that serves the
entities.

Computer Simulation 6
Activity Cycle Diagram (ACD)
•  The passive state of an entity or
resource is called a queue in a circle.

•  The active state is called an activity in a

rectangle.

•  The arc is used to connect the activity

and queue.
Computer Simulation 7
A single machine system with
a setup operator
•  This model consists of four activity cycles:
three for resources of “generator”, “machine”
and “operator” and one for an entity of “jobs”.

(Source: Kang and Choi, 2010)

Proceedings 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation

Computer Simulation 8
A single machine system with
a setup operator
•  A job is generated at the interval of ta time
unit by the generator and stored in a queue
“B” waiting its processing on a machine.

•  A ready-to-process machine serves a job for tp

time unit if a queue “B” has at least one job
and it holds for a moment until the operator is
available.

Computer Simulation 9
A single machine system with
a setup operator
•  The operator sets up the machine for ts time
unit as soon as it is available.

•  Other resources also perform one or more

different activities in any sequence or are idle.

•  All activity cycles are closed.

Computer Simulation 10