FERNANDEZ, JONAS F.

141688 | BSCE 5
CE 511 Elective II: Prestressed Concrete

PRETEST EXAMINATION

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5.
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. C
13.
14.
15. C
16. A
17. C
18.
19.
20. A
21. A/ 0.94 fpy
22. A
23. B
24. A
25. C

ACTIVITY 1-4

QUESTION: HOW DOES THE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN DIFFERS TO

CONVENTIONAL REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN IN TERMS OF STRESSES
SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL LOAD?

In conventional Reinforced Concrete Design, stresses are carried by the steel

reinforcement, whereas Prestressed Concrete Design, it supports the load by
induced stresses throughout the entire structural element. This makes it more resistant to
shock and vibration than ordinary concrete, and able to form long, thin structures with much
smaller sectional areas to support equivalent loads. The reinforcing steel is either solid bars
with ribbing (these reinforcing bars are better known as rebar) or a mesh. The reinforcements
add enough tensile strength to allow a concrete slab to flex slightly without breaking apart. It
can withstand the weight of foot traffic or an entire house. On the other hand, Prestressed steel
uses solid bars or bundles of wire called “tendons” to create induced stresses throughout the
entire structure and counteract tensile loads
SELF-examination #1

1. Discuss the history of Prestressed Conrete

The concept of prestressed concrete appeared in 1888 when P.H. Jackson was
granted the first patent in the United States for prestressed concrete design. Jackson’s idea
was perfect, but the technology of high strength steel that exhibited low relaxation
characteristics was not yet available. It was not until Eugene Freyssinet defined the need
for these materials that prestressed concrete could be used as a structural building
material. Unfortunately, although Freyssinet, a brilliant structural designer and bridge
builder, lacked the teaching qualities necessary to communicate his ideas to other
engineers. It would take Gustave Magnel to write the first book of design in prestressed
concrete, communicating this idea to designers worldwide. Magnel designed and built the
legendary Walnut Lane Bridge in Philadelphia, which revolutionized prestressed concrete in
America. Simultaneously, Urlich Finsterwalder, the German bridge builder and designer,
was revolutionizing the construction means and methods for prestressed concrete bridges.
For example, Finsterwalder invented the free-cantilever construction method of prestressed
concrete bridges, which allowed long span bridges to be constructed without stabilized
shoring. He then designed stress-ribbon bridges, which would eventually allow prestressed
concrete to span distances only steel suspension bridges could achieve. However, it wasn’t
until Paul Abeles and his peer, H. von Emperger studied and tested prestressed concrete
that the idea of “partial prestressing” emerged. Initially, Freyssinet and Magnel were
adamant that prestressed concrete should not be allowed to exhibit any tensile forces at
sustained loading. Later, the Roebling family developed the first stress--relieved wire
followed by the first stress-- relieved strand. T.Y. Lin once again brought prestressed
concrete back into the spotlight when he organized the First Prestressed Concrete World
Conference in 1957. Shortly after this conference, Lin published a technical paper in the
Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) Journal that introduced a new Load Balancing
technique which allowed most structural engineers to design prestressed concrete very
easily.

2. Give at least five (5) Difference between Reinforced Concrete Design and Prestressed
Concrete Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN

1. Mild steel and deformed bars
are used
2. No internal stress is induced
3. The dead load in RCD is high
compared to PSD
4. In RCD, the members of the
concrete of the tension area
(lower) is ineffective and vice
versa.
5. Needs shear reinforcement
6. Used in building construction
7. No need for any special
techniques
1. High strength tendons are used.
2. Internal stress has been
introduced to prior loading
3. The dead load in PSD is less
compared to RCD
4. All sides of the prestressed
concrete are effective in terms of
load handling
5. Shear tension is resisted by
providing tendons
6. Used in railways sleepers,
bridges and gravity dams
7. It needs a special technique to
anchorage the tendons and to
apply pressure.
SELF-examination #2

1. Differentiate the Creep and the Shrinkage

Creep is the change in strain for a member held under constant stress. It is time
dependent permanent deformation under certain applied load. The deformation is
along with the applied load in the case of column is compression and in beam is
bending. But it can make problem when eccentric load is applied then column
buckle. When the load is applied the elastic deformation started, and put this load
for several time. On the other hand, Shrinkage is volumetric change in concrete
due to loss of moisture content and lead to crack. Shrinkage also cause the
curling / warping which can lead to slab issue decrease the load carrying capacity
and joint stability problem such as spelling. Shrinkage also causes
curling/warping which can lead to a variety of slab issues including decreased
load-carrying capacity (structural cracking) and joint stability problems such as
spalling.

2. What are the limtitation of the permissible stresses in Prestressing tendonds based
on the Provision of American Conrete Institute (ACI)?

Based on ACI Code 318-95, tensile stress in prestressing tendons shall not exceed
the following:

1. Due to tendon jacking force but not greater than lesser of 0.80 fpu and the
maximum value recommended by the manufacturer of the prestressing tendons
or anchorages
2. Immediately after prestress transfer but not > 0.74 fpu
3. Post-tensioning tendons at anchorages and couplers, immediately after tendon
anchorage.

Self – Assessment Examination:

3. A 300 mm x 600 mm concrete beam having a span of 6.5 m was applied with a post-
tensioning force of 550 KN. By what amount was the form at the midspan was lifted
after the application of the force applied 150 mm from the bottom of the beam.
Assume concrete won’t crack in tension. Modulus of elasticity of concrete is 13734
MPa.

4. Find the safe live load that the prestressed T-beam shown which is reinforced with
bonded tendon having an area Aps = 1,500 mm2, fc’ = 34.50 MPa, fpu = 1862 MPa
and an effective stress after losses fse = 1102 MPa. fpy = 1713 Mpa, span of beam
is 6.00 m.