Chapter 4 DC Series Circuits

electronics fundamentals
circuits, devices, and applications
THOMAS L. FLOYD
DAVID M. BUCHLA
chapter 4
Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

© 2010 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle
Floyd/Buchla
River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 41
Summary
Series circuits
All circuits have three common attributes.

These are:
R1
1. A source of voltage.
VS + R2
2. A load.
3. A complete path. R3

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Series circuits
A series circuit is one that has only one current path.
R1 R1
R2
VS R2 VS R1 R2 R3 VS
R3 R3

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Series circuit rule for current:
Because there is only one path, the current everywhere
is the same.
For example, the reading on the first ammeter
is 2.0 mA, What do the other meters read?
+ 2.0 mA _ R 1 + 2.0 mA _
V S R 2
_ _
2.0 mA + 2.0 mA +

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Series circuits
The total resistance of resistors in series is
the sum of the individual resistors.
For example, the resistors in a series circuit are 680
W, 1.5 kW, and 2.2 kW. What is the total resistance?
R 1
680 
V S R2
12 V 1 .5 k  4.38 kW
R 3
2 .2 k 

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41 R
Summary
1
680 
V R2
Series circuit 12 V
S
1 .5 k 
R 3
2 .2 k 
Find the current, voltage and power across each

resistor for a given circuit.
I1= 2.74 mA
R1= 0.68 kW V1= 1.86PV1= 5.1 mW
I2= 2.74 mA R2= 1.50 kW V2= 4.11 V P2= 11.3 mW
I3= 2.74 mA R3= 2.20 kW V3= 6.03 V P3= 16.5 mW
IT= 2.74 mA RT= 4.38 kW VS= 12 V PT= 32.9 mW
Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Voltage sources in series
Voltage sources in series add algebraically.
+
For example, the total voltage of the sources 9V
shown is 27 V
+
9V
What is the total voltage if one battery is +
accidentally reversed? 9 V +
9V

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) is generally stated as:

The sum of all the voltage drops around a single closed
path in a circuit is equal to the total source voltage in that
closed path.
KVL applies to all circuits, but you must apply it to only one
closed path. In a series circuit, this is (of course) the entire
circuit.
n
A mathematical shorthand way of writing KVL is V
i 1
i 0

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41 R
Summary
1
680 
V S R2
12 V 1 .5 k 
Kirchhoff’s voltage law R 3
2 .2 k 
Notice in the series example given earlier that the sum

of the resistor voltages is equal to the source voltage.
I1= 2.74 mA
R1= 0.68 kW V1= 1.86PV1= 5.1 mW
I2= 2.74 mA R2= 1.50 kW V2= 4.11 V P2= 11.3 mW
I3= 2.74 mA R3= 2.20 kW V3= 6.03 V P3= 16.5 mW
IT= 2.74 mA RT= 4.38 kW VS= 12 V PT= 32.9 mW

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Kirchhoff’s voltage law
Problem: Determine the unknown voltage drop V3, for
the given circuit.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Voltage divider rule
The voltage drop across any given resistor in a series

circuit is equal to the ratio of that resistor to the total
resistance, multiplied by source voltage.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
R1
Voltage divider 15 kW
VS + R2
20 V 10 kW
What is the voltage across R2?
The total resistance is 25 kW.

Notice that 40% of
Applying the voltage divider formula:
the source voltage is
 R2   10 k  across R2, which
V2  V
 S   20 V  8.0 V
 RT   25 k  represents 40% of
the total resistance.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
8V
Problem: What is the voltages between points A to B and A to C.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Voltage divider
Voltage dividers can be set up for a variable output using

a potentiometer. In the circuit shown, the output voltage
is variable.
R1
20 kW
VS +
15 V
What is the largest output R2
10 kW VOUT
voltage available? 5.0 V

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Summary
Power in Series Circuits R1
470 W
VS + R2
Use the voltage divider rule to 20 V 330 W
find V1 and V2. Then find the
power in R1 and R2 and PT.
Applying the voltage The power dissipated by each

divider rule: resistor is:
2
 470    11.75 V 
V1   20 V 11.75 V P  0.29 W
} PT =
1
 800   470 
 330    8.25 V 
2
0.5 W
V2   20 V 8.25 V P2   0.21 W
 800   330 
Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Selected Key Terms
Series In an electric circuit, a relationship of
components in which the components are
connected such that they provide a single path
between two points.
Kirchhoff’s A law stating that (1) the sum of the voltage

voltage law drops around a closed loop equals the source
voltage in that loop or (2) the algebraic sum
of all of the voltages (drops and source) is
zero.
Voltage divider A circuit consisting of series resistors across
which one or more output voltages are taken.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Selected Key Terms
Reference The metal chassis that houses the assembly or
ground a large conductive area on a printed circuit
board is used as a common or reference point;
also called common.
Open A circuit condition in which the current path

is broken.
Short A circuit condition in which there is zero or an

abnormally low resistance between two points;
usually an inadvertent condition.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
1. In a series circuit with more than one resistor, the

current is
a. larger in larger resistors
b. smaller in larger resistors
c. always the same in all resistors
d. there is not enough information to say

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
2. In a series circuit with more than one resistor, the

voltage is
a. larger across larger resistors
b. smaller across larger resistors
c. always the same across all resistors

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
3. If three equal resistors are in series, the total resistance

is
a. one third the value of one resistor
b. the same as one resistor
c. three times the value of one resistor

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
4. A series circuit cannot have

a. more than two resistors
b. more than one voltage source
c. more than one path
d. all of the above

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
5. In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of all voltages (both

sources and drops)
a. is zero
b. is equal to the smallest voltage in the loop
c. is equal to the largest voltage in the loop
d. depends on the source voltage

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
6. The current in the 10 kW resistor is

a. 0.5 mA
b. 2.0 mA R1
10 kW
c. 2.4 mA VS +
24 V
d. 10 mA R2
2.0 kW

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
7. The output voltage from the voltage divider is

a. 2.0 V
b. 4.0 V R1
10 kW
VS +
c. 12 V 24 V
R2 VOUT
d. 20 V 2.0 kW

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
8. The smallest output voltage available from the voltage

divider is
a. 0 V R1
10 k W
b. 1.5 V VS +
15 V
c. 5.0 V R2
10 kW VOUT
d. 7.5 V

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
9. The total power dissipated in a series circuit is equal

to the
a. power in the largest resistor
b. power in the smallest resistor
c. average of the power in all resistors
d. sum of the power in all resistors

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Quiz
10. The meaning of the voltage VAB is the voltage at

a. Point A with respect to ground
b. Point B with respect to ground
c. The average voltage between points A and B.
d. The voltage difference between points A and B.

Floyd/Buchla
Chapter 41
Problem
7(a), 10,
13,14,15,19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,32,35,36.
Q. Find the current I in the given circuit.

Floyd/Buchla

Chapter 4 DC Series Circuits

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electronics fundamentals

circuits, devices, and applications

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

All circuits have three common attributes.

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

A series circuit is one that has only one current path.

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Find the current, voltage and power across each

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) is generally stated as:

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Notice in the series example given earlier that the sum

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

The voltage drop across any given resistor in a series

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

The total resistance is 25 kW.

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Voltage dividers can be set up for a variable output using

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Applying the voltage The power dissipated by each

Kirchhoff’s A law stating that (1) the sum of the voltage

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Open A circuit condition in which the current path

Short A circuit condition in which there is zero or an

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

1. In a series circuit with more than one resistor, the

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

2. In a series circuit with more than one resistor, the

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

3. If three equal resistors are in series, the total resistance

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

4. A series circuit cannot have

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

5. In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of all voltages (both

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

6. The current in the 10 kW resistor is

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

7. The output voltage from the voltage divider is

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

8. The smallest output voltage available from the voltage

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

9. The total power dissipated in a series circuit is equal

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

10. The meaning of the voltage VAB is the voltage at

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

Electronics Fundamentals 8th edition

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