Professional Documents
Culture Documents
,661(,661
7HUDNUHGLWDVL1R$830,/,3,
3(1*(0%$1*$10(72'(3(1,/$,$1.(6(+$7$1+87$15$.<$7
6(1*21)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH
L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQDQG/HWL6XQGDZDWL
-XUXVDQ.HKXWDQDQ)DNXOWDV3HUWDQLDQ8QLYHUVLWDV/DPSXQJ
-O3URI'U6RHPDQWUL%URGMRQHJRUR1R%DQGDU/DPSXQJ/DPSXQJ,QGRQHVLD
7HOS)D[
'HSDUWHPHQ0DQDMHPHQ+XWDQ)DNXOWDV.HKXWDQDQ,QVWLWXW3HUWDQLDQ%RJRU
-O/LQJNDU.DPSXV,3%'DUPDJD%RJRU-DZD%DUDW,QGRQHVLD
7HOS)D[
'HSDUWHPHQ6LOYLNXOWXU)DNXOWDV.HKXWDQDQ,QVWLWXW3HUWDQLDQ%RJRU
-O/LQJNDU.DPSXV,3%'DUPDJD%RJRU-DZD%DUDW,QGRQHVLD
7HOS)D[
(PDLOPDWBDQH#\DKRRFRP
7DQJJDOGLWHULPD1RYHPEHU7DQJJDOGLUHYLVL2NWREHU7DQJJDOGLVHWXMXL1RYHPEHU
$%675$&7
&ULWHULDDQGLQGLFDWRUV& ,RIIRUHVWHFRV\VWHPKHDOWKLQ6XVWDLQDEOH)RUHVW0DQDJHPHQW6)0ZHUHGHYHORSHG
IRUQDWXUDODQGSODQWDWLRQIRUHVWVZKLOHLWVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQIRUFRPPXQLW\IRUHVWLVQRWDSSOLHG\HW7KHREMHFWLYHRI
WKLVUHVHDUFKZDVWRGHYHORSDPHWKRGIRUDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHKHDOWKVWDWXVRIVHQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT
%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHVFRPPXQLW\IRUHVWVEDVHGRQHFRORJLFDOLQGLFDWRUVRIIRUHVWHFRV\VWHPKHDOWK6WXG\ZDV
SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ )RUHVW +HDOWK 0DQDJHPHQW )+0 FOXVWHUSORW LQ PRQRFXOWXUH VHQJRQ FRPPXQLW\ IRUHVWV DW
/DPSXQJ3URYLQFH7KHUHVXOWVVKRZHGWKDWWKHUDWHRIIRUHVWKHDOWKLQVHQJRQFRPPXQLW\IRUHVWFRXOGEHDVVHVVHG
XVLQJ)+0PHWKRGZLWKSULRULW\LQGLFDWRUVZHUHSURGXFWLYLW\VLWHTXDOLW\DQGYLWDOLW\0HWKRGGHYHORSPHQWIRU
IRUHVWKHDOWKDVVHVVPHQWLQVHQJRQFRPPXQLW\IRUHVWFDQXVHZHLJKWHGYDOXHVDQGVFRUHYDOXHIURPHDFKRIWKH
SULRULW\LQGLFDWRU
.H\ZRUGV)RUHVW+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW)+0FRPPXQLW\IRUHVWVLQGLFDWRUHNRORJLVVHQJRQ
$%675$.
.ULWHULDGDQLQGLNDWRUNKXVXVQ\DNHVHKDWDQKXWDQXQWXN3HQJHORODDQ+XWDQ/HVWDUL3+/EDUXGLNHPEDQJNDQ
WHUKDGDS KXWDQ DODP GDQ KXWDQ WDQDPDQ VHGDQJNDQ XQWXN KXWDQ UDN\DW EHOXP GLNHPEDQJNDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL
EHUWXMXDQXQWXNPHQJHPEDQJNDQPHWRGHSHQLODLDQNHVHKDWDQKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT
%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHVEHUEDVLVLQGLNDWRULQGLNDWRUHNRORJLVNHVHKDWDQKXWDQ6WXGLNDVXVLQLGLODNXNDQSDGD
NODVWHUSORW)RUHVW+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW)+0KXWDQUDN\DWPRQRNXOWXUVHQJRQGL:LOD\DK3URYLQVL/DPSXQJ
+DVLOSHQHOLWLDQPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZD WLQJNDWNHVHKDWDQKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQGDSDWGLQLODLGHQJDQPHQJJXQDNDQ
PHWRGH)+0GHQJDQLQGLNDWRUSULRULWDVDGDODKSURGXNWLYLWDVNXDOLWDVWDSDNGDQYLWDOLWDV'DODPSHQJHPEDQJDQ
PHWRGHSHQLODLDQNHVHKDWDQKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQGDSDWPHQJJXQDNDQQLODLWHUWLPEDQJGDQQLODLVNRUGDULPDVLQJ
PDVLQJLQGLNDWRUSULRULWDVWHUVHEXW
.DWDNXQFL)RUHVW+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW)+0KXWDQUDN\DWLQGLNDWRUHNRORJLVVHQJRQ
-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+XWDQ7DQDPDQ
9RO1R'HVHPEHU
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
$]LPXW$]LPXWK
$]LPXW$]LPXWK
$]LPXW$]LPXWK
6XESORWMDULMDULP î $QQXODUSORWMDULMDULP
6XESORWUDGLXVP $QQXODUSORWUDGLXVP
7LWLNFRQWRKWDQDK
#-DUDNDQWDUDWLDSSXVDWSORWDGDODKP
6RLOVDPSOHSRLQW
#'LVWDQFHEHWZHHQSRLQWVLVP
#-DUDNWLWLNFRQWRKWDQDKGDULWLWLNSXVDW
í VXESORWDGDODKP#'LVWDQFHVRLOVDPSOH
SRLQWWRVXESORWFHQWHUSRLQWLVP
ð ï
0LNURSORW0LFURSORW
-DULMDULP#D]LPXW5DGLXVP#D]LPXWK
MDUDNGDULWLWLNSXVDWVXESORWP 'LVWDQFHIURPVXESORWFHQWHUV P
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
6HEDJDLPDQD KXWDQ UDN\DW SDGD XPXPQ\D SRKRQ VHKLQJJD DNDQ PHPSHQJDUXKL NXDQWLWDV
KXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQGLPDNVXGNDQXQWXNPHQJ GDQNXDOLWDVND\XRODKDQ\DQJDNDQGLKDVLONDQ
KDVLONDQND\XVHFDUDVLQDPEXQJOHVWDULGDQVH 3XWUDHWDO
EDJDLWDEXQJDQ3XUZDQWRHWDO'HQJDQ 'LKXWDQDODPELRGLYHUVLWDVNHDQHNDUDJDPDQ
GHPLNLDQ NHVLQDPEXQJDQ SURGXNVL ND\X KDUXV MHQLVSRKRQGDSDWPHPSUHVHQWDVLNDQWLQJNDWNH
WHUSHOLKDUDVDODKVDWXFDUDQ\DGHQJDQPHQJHWD OHQWXUDQ VXDWX HNRVLVWHP WHUKDGDS WHNDQDQ GDQ
KXL NRQGLVL WLQJNDW SURGXNWLYLWDV 7LQJNDW SUR JDQJJXDQ \DQJ DGD .HPDPSXDQ VXDWX HNRVLV
GXNWLYLWDV PHUXSDNDQ KDO \DQJ SHUOX GLSHUKDWL WHPGDODPPHQHULPDVHMXPODKJDQJJXDQWDQSD
NDQGDODPSHQJHORODDQKXWDQVHSHUWL\DQJGLQ\D PHUXEDK SURVHV \DQJ WHUMDGL GDODP HNRVLVWHP
WDNDQROHK3XWUDEDKZDWLQJJLUHQGDKQ\D GDQ VWUXNWXU HNRVLVWHP WHUJDQWXQJ NHSDGD NH
SURGXNWLYLWDVGDODPKXWDQPHQXQMXNNDQWLQJNDW PDPSXDQHNRVLVWHPPHODNXNDQNRQWUROWHUKDGDS
NHEHUKDVLODQ SHQJHORODDQ KXWDQ NDUHQD KDO LQL JDQJJXDQ GDQ SHPEDKDUXDQ VLVWHP SHQJDWXUDQ
MXJD PHUXSDNDQ FHUPLQ GDUL WLQJNDW NHVHKDWDQ WHUVHEXW3HWHUVRQHWDO'HQJDQGHPLNLDQ
KXWDQ\DQJGLNHOROD LQGLNDWRUSURGXNWLYLWDVNXDOLWDVWDSDNGDQYLWD
3URGXNWLYLWDVGLWHQWXNDQROHKGXDIDNWRU\D OLWDV VHFDUD WHUSLVDK DWDX EHUVDPDVDPD GDSDW
LWX NRQGLVL WDSDN WXPEXK GDQ YLWDOLWDV WHJDNDQ PHQMHODVNDQNRQGLVLKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQGDODP
6XSUL\DQWRHWDO3RKRQVHQJRQGLKXWDQ WLQJNDWLQGLYLGXSORWGDQHNRVLVWHP
UDN\DW DNDQ PDPSX WXPEXK GHQJDQ EDLN MLND 3HUWXPEXKDQSRKRQGLXNXUGDULSHQDPEDKDQ
GLGXNXQJ ROHK NXDOLWDV WDSDN WHPSDW WXPEXK GLDPHWHU SRKRQ 3HUWXPEXKDQ SRKRQ GLKLWXQJ
\DQJGDSDWPHQ\RNRQJSHUWXPEXKDQRSWLPDOWH VHEDJDLSHUWXPEXKDQOXDVELGDQJGDVDU/%'6
JDNDQVHQJRQ*LQWLQJV 1XKDPDUDPH GHQJDQQLODL/%'6SDGDPDVLQJPDVLQJNODVWHU
Q\DWDNDQEDKZDNXDOLWDVWDSDNPHQMDGLVDODKVDWX SORW7DEHO
LQGLNDWRU NHVHKDWDQ KXWDQ \DQJ SHQWLQJ NDUHQD 3HPDQIDDWDQKXWDQUDN\DWPHODOXLSHQ\HGLD
PHUXSDNDQVXDWXSHQJXNXUDQ\DQJPHQJDFXNH DQEDKDQEDNXGDODPPHQRSDQJLQGXVWULNHKXWD
SDGDNHPDPSXDQWDSDNWXPEXKWHUXWDPDWDQDK QDQPHQMDGLVXDWXUHDOLWDVGDODPSHPEDQJXQDQ
XQWXNPHQ\RNRQJSHUWXPEXKDQWDQDPDQ0HQX NHKXWDQDQGL,QGRQHVLDVDDWLQL8QWXNPHPHQXKL
UXW 0LOH PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD SHQXUXQDQ IXQJVLSURGXNVLKXWDQUDN\DWWHUVHEXWPDNDWLQJ
SURGXNWLYLWDVGDQSHUWXPEXKDQVHQJRQGLKXWDQ NDW SURGXNWLYLWDV KXWDQ UDN\DW PHUXSDNDQ KDO
UDN\DW GLVHEDENDQ ROHK WHUMDGLQ\D SHQXUXQDQ \DQJ KDUXV GLSHUKDWLNDQ 7LQJNDW SURGXNWLYLWDV
NHVXEXUDQWDQDK9LWDOLWDVPHUXSDNDQVXDWXKDO SRKRQGDSDWGLXNXUPHODOXLEHEHUDSDSDUDPHWHU
\DQJ GDSDW PHQJJDPEDUNDQ WLQJNDW NHVXEXUDQ SHQJXNXUDQDQWDUDODLQGLDPHWHUSRKRQ.RQGLVL
VXDWX VSHVLHV GDODP SHUNHPEDQJDQQ\D VHEDJDL SURGXNWLYLWDV SRKRQ GDSDW GLMHODVNDQ GHQJDQ
UHVSRQ WHUKDGDS OLQJNXQJDQ 3UDQDWD PHQJJXQDNDQ SDUDPHWHU ODMX SHUWXPEXKDQ SR
9LWDOLWDVGDSDWGLMHODVNDQDWDXGLFLULNDQROHKNRQ KRQ 0HQXUXW 5L\DQWR 3DPXQJNDV
GLVLNHUXVDNDQSRKRQGDQNRQGLVLWDMXN9LWDOLWDV XQWXN PHOLKDW SROD SHUWXPEXKDQ GLDPHWHU GDQ
SRKRQ\DQJGLWXQMXNNDQROHKNRQGLVLNHUXVDNDQ WLWLNRSWLPXPSHUWXPEXKDQGLDPHWHUGDSDWPHQJ
SRKRQ GDQ NRQGLVL WDMXN SRKRQ DGDODK IDNWRU JXQDNDQNXUYDODMXSHUWXPEXKDQSRKRQ3HUWXP
\DQJVDQJDWEHUSHQJDUXKWHUKDGDSSHUWXPEXKDQ EXKDQSRKRQDGDODKSHUNHPEDQJDQ\DQJGLQ\D
-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+XWDQ7DQDPDQ
9RO1R'HVHPEHU
NDQ GDODP SHUWXPEXKDQ XNXUDQ VXDWX VLVWHP EDWDQJ FDEDQJ WDMXN GDXQ SXFXN GDQ WXQDV
RUJDQLNVHODPDMDQJNDZDNWXWHUWHQWX5L\DQWR GDODPPHWRGH)+00DQJROG86'$)6
GDQ GDSDW GLXNXU GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ /RNDVLNHUXVDNDQGLPDVLQJPDVLQJNODV
EHUEDJDLSDUDPHWHU3DUDPHWHUSHUWXPEXKDQSR WHUSORWKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQEHUWXUXWWXUXWGLGR
KRQ DQWDUD ODLQ DGDODK GLDPHWHU SRKRQ +DO LQL PLQDVLROHKNHUXVDNDQGLGDHUDKGDXQNRGHGL
VHVXDL GHQJDQ SHUQ\DWDDQ 3KLOLS EDKZD GDHUDKEDWDQJEDJLDQEDZDKNRGHGDQGLGDH
SHUWXPEXKDQ GLDPHWHU SRKRQ PHUXSDNDQ SDUD UDKEDJLDQEDZDKGDQEDJLDQDWDVEDWDQJNRGH
PHWHU SHUWXPEXKDQ SRKRQ \DQJ PXGDK GDODP GHQJDQ WLSH NHUXVDNDQ GL PDVLQJPDVLQJ
SHQJXNXUDQQ\DGDQPHPLOLNLWLQJNDWNRQVLVWHQVL NODVWHUSORW WHUVHEXW EHUWXUXWWXUXW GLGRPLQDVL
\DQJWLQJJL3HUWXPEXKDQGLDPHWHUSRKRQPHQXUXW GDXQUXVDNNRGHNDQNHUNRGHGDQOXND
&OLQHGDSDWGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLGDVDUSHU WHUEXND NRGH GHQJDQ WLQJNDW NHSDUDKDQ
KLWXQJDQ SHUWXPEXKDQ /%'6 SRKRQ /%'6 WHUEDQ\DNDGDODKVHEHVDUVHSHUWLGLVDMLNDQ
SRKRQ WHUJDQWXQJ SDGD GLDPHWHU EDWDQJ SRKRQ SDGD7DEHO
VHWLQJJLGDGD+XVFKGDODP+DUWDWL 3DGD7DEHOPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDORNDVLNH
/%'6 SHU KHNWDU PHUXSDNDQ SHQDPSDQJ UXVDNDQWHUEDQ\DN\DQJGLWHPXNDQSDGDKDPSLU
PHOLQWDQJ GDUL GLDPHWHU EDWDQJ VHWLQJJL GDGD VHPXDNODVWHUSORWKXWDQUDN\DWPRQRNXOWXUVH
P GDUL SHUPXNDDQ WDQDK 6DKLG QJRQ DGDODK SDGD ORNDVL GDXQ NRGH GHQJDQ
3HUXEDKDQ/%'6\DQJGLSHUROHKGDULSHUXEDKDQ WLSH NHUXVDNDQ GDXQ UXVDN NRGH .RQGLVL
GLDPHWHU SRKRQ GDSDW PHQJXUDQJL DWDX GDXQ\DQJUXVDNDNDQPHQ\HEDENDQSURVHVIRWR
PHQLQJNDWNDQWLQJNDWSURGXNWLYLWDVKXWDQVHFDUD VLQWHVLV WHUJDQJJX VHKLQJJD DNDQ PHQJJDQJJX
NHVHOXUXKDQ MXJD SURVHV ILVLRORJLV ODLQQ\D VHSHUWL DNWLYLWDV
/%'6GLKXWDQUDN\DWVHQJRQ7DEHOFHQGH SHQJDQJNXWDQDLUGDQKDUDGDULWDQDKNHGDXQWHU
UXQJ PHQXQMXNNDQ SHQLQJNDWDQ VHLULQJ GHQJDQ JDQJJX.RQGLVLNHUXVDNDQSRKRQGLQLODLGHQJDQ
EHUWDPEDKQ\DXPXUSRKRQ+DOLQLVHVXDLGHQJDQ LQGHNV NHUXVDNDQ WLQJNDW NODVWHU &/, GHQJDQ
SHUQ\DWDDQ5L\DQWR 3DPXQJNDVEDKZD QLODL&/,SDGDPDVLQJPDVLQJNODVWHUSORW7DEHO
WDQDPDQVHQJRQPHPSXQ\DLWUHQGSHUWXPEXKDQ
VHMDODQGHQJDQEHUWDPEDKQ\DXPXU'DQLHOHWDO 6DODKVDWXSHUPDVDODKDQPHQGDVDUGDULNXDOL
PHQ\DWDNDQ EDKZD SHUWXPEXKDQ PHUX WDVND\XKXWDQUDN\DWDGDODKDGDQ\DNHUXVDNDQ
SDNDQ IXQJVL GDUL XPXU WHJDNDQ \DQJ VLIDWQ\D SRKRQ \DQJ PHQJDNLEDWNDQ FDFDW ND\X .HUX
WHUJDQWXQJ SDGD MHQLV GDQ NXDOLWDV WHPSDW WXP VDNDQSRKRQDGDODKNRQGLVLLQGLYLGXSRKRQ\DQJ
EXK PHQJDODPLNHUXVDNDQ\DQJGLVHEDENDQROHKSD
.RQGLVLNHUXVDNDQSRKRQGLXNXUEHUGDVDUNDQ WRJHQVHUDQJJDSROXVLXGDUDGDQNRQGLVLDODPL
ORNDVLGLWHPXNDQQ\DNHUXVDNDQ\DLWXSDGDDNDU DK ODLQ VHUWD DNWLYLWDVDNWLYLWDV \DQJ GLODNXNDQ
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+XWDQ7DQDPDQ
9RO1R'HVHPEHU
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
7DEHO7DEOH 1LODL WHUWLPEDQJ DNKLU VHWLDS SDUDPHWHU LQGLNDWRU )LQDO ZHLJKWHG YDOXH RQ HDFK
SDUDPHWHULQGLFDWRU
3HUWXPEXKDQ .HVXEXUDQ .HUXVDNDQ .RQGLVLWDMXN 1LODL
SRKRQ WDQDK SRKRQ &URZQ WHUWLPEDQJ
7UHHJURZWK 6RLOIHUWLOLW\ 7UHHGDPDJH FRQGLWLRQ :HLJKWHG
YDOXH
3SKQ7UHHJURZWK
.WQK6LWHTXDOLW\
.SKQ7UHHGDPDJH
.WMN&URZQ
FRQGLWLRQ
6XPEHU6RXUFH'LRODKGDULGDWDODSDQJ&RPSLOHGDQGDQDO\]HGIURPILHOGGDWD
3DGD7DEHOPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZD17LQGLND GDODPMDQJNDSDQMDQJDNDQPHQ\HEDENDQSHQX
WRUSDUDPHWHUWHUHQGDKDGDODKNRQGLVLNHUXVD UXQDQ YROXPH GDQ NXDOLWDV ND\X 17 LQGLNDWRU
NDQ SRKRQ +DO LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD SDUDPHWHUNHVXEXUDQWDQDKFXNXSWLQJJL
NRQGLVL NHUXVDNDQ SRKRQ GDSDW PHPSHQJDUXKL PHQXQMXNNDQNDLWDQSHQWLQJ.7.GHQJDQNHVH
SHUWXPEXKDQSRKRQNHVXEXUDQWDQDKGDQNRQ KDWDQKXWDQNDUHQD.7.PHQXQMXNNDQHIHNWLYL
GLVL WDMXN 6XDWX FRQWRK DSDELOD SRKRQ VHQJRQ WDVWDQDKGDODPPHQ\XSODLKDUD\DQJGLSHUOXNDQ
PHQJDODPL NHUXVDNDQ SRKRQ \DLWX NHUXVDNDQ EDJL SHUWXPEXKDQ SRKRQ 3RKRQ DNDQ PDPSX
SDGD GDHUDK EDWDQJ SHQJDUXKQ\D DNDQ WLQJJL WXPEXKGHQJDQEDLNMLNDGLGXNXQJROHKNXDOLWDV
DSDELOD GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ NHUXVDNDQ SDGD WDSDNWHPSDWWXPEXKSRKRQ\DQJGDSDWPHQ\R
WDMXN 6DODK VDWXQ\D NDUHQD NHUXVDNDQ SDGD NRQJSHUWXPEXKDQRSWLPDOWHJDNDQ
SRKRQDNDQEHUSHQJDUXKWHUKDGDSSHUWXPEXKDQ 1LODL VNRU 16 VHWLDS SDUDPHWHU LQGLNDWRU
SRKRQGDQDNDQEHUGDPSDNSDGDNHVHKDWDQKXWDQ EHUGDVDUNDQQLODLWHUWLQJJLGDQQLODLWHUHQGDKGDUL
UDN\DW VHSHUWL GLMHODVNDQ ROHK 1XKDPDUD HW DO PDVLQJPDVLQJ SDUDPHWHU SDGD PDVLQJPDVLQJ
EDKZD NHUXVDNDQ SDGD EDJLDQ EDWDQJ NODVWHUSORW7DEHO
-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+XWDQ7DQDPDQ
9RO1R'HVHPEHU
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
-XUQDO3HQHOLWLDQ+XWDQ7DQDPDQ
9RO1R'HVHPEHU
+HDOWK 0RQLWRULQJ WR 0RQLWRU WKH 6XVWDLQ (XURSHDQ -RXUQDO RI 2SHUDWLRQDO 5HVHDUFK
DELOLW\ RI ,QGRQHVLDQ 7URSLFDO 5DLQ )RUHVW
'DODP)RUHVW+HDOWK0RQLWRULQJWR0RQLWRU 6DDW\ 7/ 7KHRU\ DQG DSSOLFDWLRQV RI WKH
7KH6XVWDLQDELOLW\RI,QGRQHVLDQ7URSLFDO5DLQ DQDO\WLF QHWZRUN SURFHVV 3LWWVEXUJK 5:6
)RUHVW 9ROXPH ,, %RJRU ,772 -DSDQ DQG 3XEOLFDWLRQV
6($0(2%,27523
6DIH
L 5 3HQLODLDQ DUHDO KXWDQ EHNDV
3HWHUVRQ*'$OOHQ&5 +ROOLQJ&6 WHUEDNDU EHUGDVDUNDQ PHWRGH )LUH 6HYHULW\
(FRORJLFDOUHVLOLHQFHELRGLYHUVLW\DQGVFDOH GDQ )RUHVW +HDOWK 0RQLWRULQJ 7HVLV 7LGDN
-RXUQDO(FRV\VWHPV GLSXEOLNDVLNDQ 3URJUDP 3DVFD 6DUMDQD
3UDQDWD5$ (NRORJLWXPEXKDQ9LWDOLWDV ,QVWLWXW3HUWDQLDQ%RJRU%RJRU
$NVHVWDQJJDO-XOLSDGDKWWSULDQELR 6DKLG3HQDIVLUDQ/XDV%LGDQJ'DVDU7HJDNDQ
ZRUGSUHVVFRPULDQKLO\DZDQSDJH 3LQXV PHUNXVLL PHQJJXQDNDQ IRWR XGDUD GL
3KLOLS060HDVXULQJWUHHVDQGIRUHVW&$% .3+ .HGX 3HUXP 3HUKXWDQL 8QLW , -DZD
7HQJDK -XUQDO )RUXP *HRJUDIL
,QW:DOOLQJIRUG
3XUZDQWR 6 :DWL ( &DK\RQR 6$ 6LWWDGHZL(+.ULVWLMRQR$ 6XGLDQD1
.HOHPEDJDDQ XQWXN PHQGXNXQJ SHQJHP 3HQHUDSDQ WHNQRORJL ELWXPPDQ XQWXN PHQD
EDQJDQ KXWDQ UDN\DW SURGXNWLYLWDV WLQJJL WDVL ODKDQ NULWLV SDVFD SHQDPEDQJDQ -XUQDO
3URVLGLQJ(NVSRVH7HUSDGX+DVLO3HQHOLWLDQ 6DLQVGDQ7HNQRORJL,QGRQHVLD
<RJ\DNDUWD 2NWREHU S
<RJ\DNDUWD 3XVDW /LWEDQJ %LRWHNQRORJL GDQ 6XKDHQGDK(6LDUXGLQ0 5DFKPDQ(
3HPXOLDDQ7DQDPDQ+XWDQ 6HUDQJDQ KDPD GDQ SHQ\DNLW SDGD OLPD
SURYHQDQ VHQJRQ GL .DEXSDWHQ7DVLNPDOD\D
3XWUD(,3HQJHPEDQJDQPHWRGHSHQLODLDQ :DUQD%HQLK
NHVHKDWDQ KXWDQ DODP SURGXNVL 7HVLV 7LGDN
GLSXEOLNDVLNDQ3URJUDP3DVFD6DUMDQD,QVWL 6XKHQGDQJ ( 3HQJDQWDU LOPX NHKXWDQDQ
%RJRU<D\DVDQ3HQHUELW)DNXOWDV.HKXWDQDQ
WXW3HUWDQLDQ%RJRU%RJRU
6XSUL\DQWR6RHNWMR -XVWLDQWR$$VVHVV
3XWUD (, 6XSUL\DQWR 3XUQRPR + PHQWRI3URGXFWLRQ,QGLFDWRULQ)RUHVW+HDOWK
0HWRGH SHQLODLDQ NHVHKDWDQ KXWDQ DODP SUR 0RQLWRULQJ WR 0RQLWRU WKH 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ RI
GXNVL EHUEDVLV LQGLNDWRU HNRORJLV 3URVLGLQJ ,QGRQHVLDQ 7URSLFDO 5DLQ )RUHVW 'DODP
VHPLQDU QDVLRQDO .RQWULEXVL /LWEDQJ GDODP )RUHVW +HDOWK 0RQLWRULQJ WR 0RQLWRU 7KH
3HQLQJNDWDQ 3URGXNWLYLWDV GDQ .HOHVWDULDQ 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ RI ,QGRQHVLDQ 7URSLFDO 5DLQ
+XWDQ %RJRU 1RYHPEHU 3XVDW )RUHVW 9ROXPH ,, %RJRU ,772 -DSDQ DQG
/LWEDQJ 3HQLQJNDWDQ 3URGXNWLYLWDV +XWDQ 6($0(2%,27523
%DGDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ GDQ 3HQJHPEDQJDQ +XWDQ
.HPHQWHULDQ.HKXWDQDQ%RJRUS 7XKXPXU\$,QYHQWDULVDVLMHQLVKDPDSDGD
WDQDPDQVHQJRQGL/RNDVL+XWDQ.HPDV\DUD
5DKD\X 6 /HH 66 6KXNRU 1$$E NDWDQ :DHVDPX .HFDPDWDQ .DLUDWX .DEX
8URP\FODGLXP WHSSHULDQXP WKH JDOO UXVW SDWHQ 6HUDP %DJLDQ %DUDW -XUQDO 3HPED
IXQJXVIURP )DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQDLQ0DOD\ QJXQDQ3HGHVDDQ
VLDDQG,QGRQHVLD0\FRVFLHQFH 86'$)6 )RUHVW KHDOWK PRQLWRULQJ )LHOG
5L\DQWR +' 3HQMDUDQJDQ VHOHNWLN GDODP PHWKRGVJXLGH,QWHUQDWLRQDO$VKHYLOOH
XSD\DSHQLQJNDWDQULDSGLDPHWHUKXWDQUDN\DW 1&86'$)RUHVW6HUYLFH5HVHDUFK7ULDQJOH
VHQJRQ7HNQR+XWDQ7DQDPDQ 3DUN
5L\DQWR +' 3DPXQJNDV %3 0RGHO :LQDUQL ( 3D\XQJ ' 1DHPDK '
SHUWXPEXKDQ WHJDNDQ KXWDQ WDQDPDQ VHQJRQ 0RQLWRULQJNHVHKDWDQWLJDMHQLVWDQDPDQSDGD
XQWXN SHQJHORODDQ KXWDQ 7HNQR +XWDQ DUHDO KXWDQ WDQDPDQ UDN\DW /DSRUDQ SHQHOL
7DQDPDQ WLDQDNKLU%2371)DNXOWDV.HKXWDQDQ
8QLYHUVLWDV/DPEXQJ0DQJNXUDW%DQMDUEDUX
6DDW\7/ 7KH $QDO\WLFKLHDUDUFK\SURFHVV
3ODQQLQJSULRULW\VHWWLQJUHVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQ :ROIVOHKQHU % 9DFLN + /H[HU 0-
3LWWVEXUJK5:63XEOLFDWLRQV $SSOLFDWLRQRIWKHDQDO\WLFQHWZRUNVSURFHVVLQ
PXOWLFULWHULD DQDO\VLV RI VXVWDLQDEOH IRUHVW
6DDW\7/'HFLVLRQ0DNLQJZLWKWKH$+3 PDQDJHPHQW )RUHVW (FRORJ\ DQG 0DQDJH
:K\ LV WKH SURQFLSDO HLJHQYHFWRU QHFHVVDU\ PHQW
3HQJHPEDQJDQ0HWRGH3HQLODLDQ.HVHKDWDQ+XWDQ
5DN\DW6HQJRQ)DOFDWDULDPROXFFDQD0LT%DUQHE\ -:*ULPHV
5DKPDW6DIH¶L+DUGMDQWR6XSUL\DQWRGDQ/HWL6XQGDZDWL
/DPSLUDQ$SSHQGL[ .RGH WLSH NHUXVDNDQ SRKRQ GDQ QLODL DPEDQJ NHSDUDKDQ &RGHV DQG W\SH RI
GDPDJHDQGVHYHULW\W\SHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHWKUHVKROG
.RGH 7LSHNHUXVDNDQ 1LODLDPEDQJNHSDUDKDQ
&RGH 7\SHRIGDPDJH 6HYHULW\WKUHVKROG
.DQNHU t GDULNHOLOLQJSRKRQGLWLWLNSHQJDPDWDQ
.RQNWXEXKEXDKGDQLQGLNDWRUODLQWHQWDQJ 6DPDVHNDOLWLGDNDGDQLKLONHFXDOLt
ODSXN XQWXNDNDU!NDNLPGDULEDWDQJXWDPD
/XNDWHUEXND t GLWLWLNSHQJDPDWDQ
5HVLQRVLVJXPRLVLV t GLWLWLNSHQJDPDWDQ
%DWDQJSHFDK 7LGDNDGD
6DUDQJUD\DS t GLWLWLNSHQJDPDWDQ
%DWDQJDNDUSDWDKNDNLGDULEDWDQJ 6DPDVHNDOLWLGDNDGDQLKLO
%UXPSDGDDNDUEDWDQJ 6DPDVHNDOLWLGDNDGDQLKLO
$NDUSDWDKPDWLNDNLGDULEDWDQJ t
GDULDNDU
/LDQD t GLWLWLNSHQJDPDWDQ
+LODQJQ\DSXFXNGRPLQDQPDWLSXFXN t GDULWDMXN
&DEDQJSDWDKPDWL t GDULFDEDQJDWDXWXQDV
3HUFDEDQJDQDWDXEUXP\DQJEHUOHELKDQ t GDULVDSXDWDXFDEDQJ
'DXQSXFXNDWDXWXQDVUXVDN t GDULGDXQGDXQDQ
'DXQEHUXEDKZDUQDWLGDNKLMDX t GDULGDXQGDXQDQ
.DUDWSXUX t WHUVHUDQJDQ
/DLQODLQ