Design of a Pothole repair for fiji - eJournal

Name: Donavan Mariasua

SID: s11131591
MM365 Semester1, 2021

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

 List if Figures
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Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

1 Road Structure (7/03/21)
Modern asphalt Roads typically consist of three layers which are surface course, base course and sub base
course. This is illustrated in the figure below.

Ref. [CITATION JLM08 \l 1033 ]

2 Pothole formation (7/03/21)

Potholes are formed due to the deterioration of the surface course. As vehicles pass over the surface, the tires
create wearing over the surface and cracks formation begin to appear. As the cracks become larger, water finds
its way through the cracks on the surface and gets trapped between the surface course and base course and
this region is waterlogged. This weakens the asphalt surface and as traffic increases the wear the holes become
larger. Since asphalt is a flexible material, it is not able to distribute the loads over a large area. This is shown in
the figure below.

Ref. [ CITATION 20Ma \l 5129 ]

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

3 Types of Asphalt road repair methods (11/03/2021)
3.1 Throw and GO
It is the most commonly used method since it can be easily applied and the cost is low compared to other
methods. Basically, it involves filling a pothole with the repair material until the hole is completely filled. The
compacting is done by traffic or it is done by means of a shovel.

3.2 Throw and Roll

Using the throw and roll method, material is first shoveled into a pothole. Trucks are then used to compact
The patch, it only improves a pothole temporarily. However, it is a better alternative to the throw and go
method.

3.3 Semi-Permanent
This is done by removing debris from the pothole, then cuts are made to the pothole sides to make sure that
the new patch joins with stronger asphalt. A vibratory roller is then used to compact the patch, ensuring that
the patch area is larger than the roller surface area.

3.4 Spray Injection

Firstly, debris and water is removed from the pothole. A sprayer is then used to spray a binder tack coat
to the bottom sides of the hole. Aggregate and asphalt is then blown into the hole until it is filled. No
Compaction is required for this method.
3.5 Edge seal method
This involves using the throw and roll method to first fill the pothole and it is compacted using a heavy vehicle.
An asphaltic tack ribbon is then placed on the edges so that it overlaps both the patch and the existing asphalt.
Sand is then placed on the tack ribbon to avoid tracking by tires.

3.6 Full depth Roadway Hole replacement

In full depth roadway hole replacement, the existing asphalt is pulverized and then mixed with water and
cement. It is then compacted to produce a base for an asphalt surface or concrete. This method is effectively
replacing the pothole with a new pavement.

3.7 Cold lay repair method

This method involves layering a cold asphalt mixture into a pothole. As each layer is being applied, it is
compacted. It is favorable since it can be driven over by vehicles immediately after the repair is completed.

3.8 Hot-work Repair method

This is a permanent pothole repair method that’s exceptionally durable. It uses machinery to heat and
compress it. As it cools, it hardens and solidifies its bond with the asphalt in the surrounding area.

4 Road Repair Machines (11/03/21)

There are a number of machines that are currently being used in the pothole repair business. However, there
are only a few self-contained machines which means they can carry out the repair on site without the need for
additional equipment or materials. These machines are well suited for operating in tropical climatic conditions
as well as carry out multiple repairs in a short amount of time.

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

4.1 JCB POTHOLE PRO
This machine can perform three functions in road repairing, which are cleaning, cutting and cropping.
It cuts and crops out cracks in the road and uses its cleaner to remove any water and debris from inside the
pothole.

Ref. [ CITATION 21JC \l 5129 ]

4.2 PYTHON 5000 – POTHOLE PATCHER

 Can use any readily available asphalt mixture (hot and cold).
 Has a hopper which is thermostatically controlled using the redirected heat from the engine exhaust.
 Its multifunctioning tool can move 4 feet forwards and sideways when doing repairs.
 Since it is hydrostatically driven, it can go at less than 1km/hr when doing repairs.

Ref.

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

4.3 VELOCITY ROAD REPAIR MACHINE
 Has a fully self-contained sprayer that can spray hot or cold asphalt mixtures.
 Hoppers are made from glass reinforced plastics for weight reduction and more aggregate carrying
capacity.
 Has a mini vibrating roller that is used to compact the asphalt.
 Has built in systems that can monitor machines performance.

Ref.

4.4 PRO – PATCH POTHOLE MACHINE

 Hopper has a 6 ton capacity.
 Has a hydraulic hammer that is equipped with a cutting tool.
 Has a hydraulic air compressor that is used to remove water and debris.
 Its torch is used to heat the pothole edges for better bonding.
 The sprayer can be used to spray any hot or cold asphalt mixtures.

Ref.

4.5 ASPHALT INFRARED PATCHING MACHINE

 Uses infrared technology to eliminate seams or joints that penetration of water.
 Causes less pollution when compared to other methods of repair.
Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191
  In most cases, it saves both time and money due to its ease of application.
 Requires only a limited number of workers.

Ref.

5 ASPHALT MIXTURES
5.1 Cold Mixture (16/3/2021)
Nowadays, cold mixtures are the most commonly used method of patching potholes. This is due to the
unavailability of hot mixtures in the project vicinity as well as the high cost involved in doing hot mixtures. Cold
mixtures can be defined as a temporary fix. The mix includes crushed stones and gravels, natural sands, stone
sands and mineral fillers [ CITATION Mun06 \l 1033 ]. The critical properties that lead to a successful patch
include the size of the aggregates being used, the surface texture, angularity and compatibility of the
aggregates with the binder.
5.1.1 Aggregate Grading
Aggregate grading is important in the bitumen mixture since it can determine workability of the patch and can
reduce adhesiveness of the mixture. The grading varies depending on the mixture that is desired, however, the
preferred grading sizes for a typical mixture are 9.5mm and 12.5mm. An example of a single size graded
patching mixtures

5.1.2 Maximum sizes of stones

5.1.3 Surface texture
5.1.4 Aggregate compatibility with binder

6 COSTS

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191

7 Bibliography

[1] "Engineering Discoveries," 2020. [Online]. Available:

https://www.engineeringdiscoveries.net/2020/03/components-of-road-structure-and-method.html.
[Accessed 10 March 2021].

[2] "Potholes," Texas department for transportation, [Online]. Available:

http://txdotsanantonio.blogspot.com/2015/03/potholes-what-why-and-how.html. [Accessed 10 March
2020].

[3] "JCB POTHOLE PRO," JCB, [Online]. Available: https://www.jcb.com/en-gb/products/wheeled-

excavators/potholepro. [Accessed 12 march 2021].

Author: Donavan M Project Title: Pothole repair SID: s1113191