Sir Yani Module Making-1

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Basic Education Department

Junior High School
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Module 1: Verbals Page 1

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
Module 01: Verbals

Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of verbals specifically on gerunds
participles and infinitives
Performance Standard: The learner must master the Verbals particularly on gerunds,
participles and infinitives to develop their skills.
Learning Competency: The learners differentiate gerunds from participles and infinitives.
Activity 02.a
At the end of this activity, you should be able to:
1. to introduce the concept of verbals; and
2. to provide definitions of infinitives, gerunds and participles.
Put the verb into its gerund
1. I don’t ________________(go) out tonight.

2. She avoided_________________(tell) him about her plans.
3. He enjoys___________________(have) a bath in the evening.
4. She kept_____________________(talk) during film.
5. Do you mind__________________(give) me a hand?
6. I’ve finished____________________(cook) come and eat!
7. I dislike________________________(waiting).
8. We discussed____________________(going) to the cinema, but the end we stayed at
home.
9. I don’t recommend _______________(take) the bus it takes forever.
10. She suggested ___________________(going) to the museum.
Verbals
1. Gerunds
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
Like an ordinary single-word noun, a gerund may be used as a Subject
What is a Subject?
Subject (S) - a noun or pronoun partnered with a predicate verb.
A subject
1. does an action with an action verb

2. exists with a verb of being

3. is renamed or described after a verb of being or a linking verb

4. is acted upon with a passive verb


Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

What is a Direct Object?
Direct Object (DO) - a noun or pronoun answering "whom" or "what" after an action verb. A
direct object "receives" or is the "object" of the action.

What is a Retained Object?
Retained Object (RO) - a noun or pronoun answering "whom" or "what" after a passive verb.

What is a indirect Object?
Indirect Object (IO) - a noun or pronoun answering "to whom/what" or "for whom/what" after
an action verb.
An indirect object
 always precedes a direct object

 never has the word “to” or “for” stated

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

What is a Subjective Compliment?
Subjective Complement (SC) - a noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes (equals)

the subject after a verb of being or a linking verb.

What is an Objective Compliment?
Objective Complement (OC) - a noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes (equals)

the direct object.
Test for OC: insert "to be" between the DO and the OC

What is an Appositive?
Appositive (App) - a noun or pronoun that renames another noun; An appositive is usually

placed next to the noun it renames..

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

Gourmet renames the noun Joe. Therefore, gourmet is an appositive of Joe.
When an appositive is not placed next to the noun it renames, the appositive is called a delayed
appositive.

A delayed appositive may rename the word it in some sentence constructions.

In the above sentence, the appositive to meet you renames it. It (to meet you) is a pleasure.
In this sentence, pleasure is the subjective complement of it.
Therefore, it = pleasure = to meet you.
DELAYED APPOSITIVE
In the example below, the gerund phrase renames the subject, this.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

NOTE: Do not confuse gerunds with verbs (predicates) in the progressive tense.
GERUND

PREDICATE VERB


Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
Even though is cooking and was scratching end in -ing, they are not gerunds because they are
used as predicate verbs, not as nouns.
Activity 02.b
How do we define gerunds aside from looking at their definitions in the

internet?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

2. to provide definitions of participles.
I. Participles defined
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part
of speech.
A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.
Two kinds of participles:
A. Present participles, always ending in -ing, are created from the form of a verb used with
the verb to be ( am, is, are, was, were, been) as an auxiliary verb (progressive tense).
Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -ing form of the main verb as an adjective
produces a present participle.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
B. Past participles, usually ending in -ed or -en, are created from the form of a verb used
with the verb to be as an auxiliary verb (passive voice).

Removing the auxiliary verb and using the -en form of the main verb as an adjective
produces a past participle.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
Past participles may also be part of a participial phrase.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
Participles and participial phrases should be

placed near the nouns they modify. They may
either precede or follow a noun.

Fill in the correct participle form. (Present Participle, Past Participle or Perfect Participle)
1. He was sitting in an arm chair a magazine.
2. in the company for many years, he knew everyone and everything.
3. The cup with milk stood on the table.
4. each other for ages, they had a lot to talk about.
5. into a rich family, she got everything she wished for.
6. the child of poor people, he often went to bed hungry.
7. his words, he apologized.
8. Well , we are very proud of you.
9. the car, he went to a restaurant.
10. the film a dozen times, she knew the dialogues by heart.


Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

2. to provide definitions of infinitives.
II. Participles defined
A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of

speech.
An infinitive is a verbal formed by placing to in front of the simple present form

of a verb.
Examples:
to swim to think to read to be to

cut to turn
Infinitives may function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
A. Adjectival infinitives
Just like a single-word adjective, an infinitive used as an adjective always describes a noun.
An adjectival infinitive always follows the noun it describes.
EXAMPLE

Like gerunds and participles, infinitives may incorporate other words as part of their phrase.
EXAMPLE

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

B. Adverbial infinitives
Just like a single-word adverb, an infinitive used as an adverb always describes a verb.
An adverbial infinitive usually occurs at the beginning or at the end of a sentence and does not
need to be near the verb it describes.
EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence beginning

EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence end

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

HINT: You can always identify an adverbial infinitive by inserting the test words in order in
front of
infinitive. If the words in order make sense, the infinitive is adverbial.

PUNCTUATION NOTE:
1. Use a comma after the adverbial infinitive when it starts a sentence.
2. Do not separate the adverbial infinitive from the rest of the sentence if the infinitive ends
the
sentence.
C. Nominal infinitives

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
Like a single-word noun, a nominal infinitive may function as a
SUBJECT

DIRECT OBJECT

RETAINED OBJECT

SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School

APPOSITIVE

DELAYED APPOSITIVE


Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
This is a brief English Grammar Quiz on identifying participles, gerunds, and infinitives. In each
item, look at the word or phrase in quotes and then indicate whether it is a participle, gerund, or
infinitive.
1.
"Swimming" is a good exercise.
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
2. Economics is an "ever-expanding" field of study.
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
3. We drove to the mall "to buy our new surround sound system."
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
4. "Breaking the light barrier" is simply not possible.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
5. "Overwhelmed by the menu choices," I just closed my eyes and pointed with my finger.
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
6. They have closed the cafeteria "to repair a broken steam table."
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
7. "Passing this quiz with a good grade" would make me happy.
o A.Participle
o B. Gerund
o C. Infinitive
8. I always enjoy "watching a meteor shower."
o A. Participle
o B. Gerund

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator
Junior High School
o C. Infinitive
State whether the –ing forms given in the following sentences are participles or

gerunds. In the case of participles, name the noun or pronoun they qualify. In the
case of gerunds, state what function they serve in the sentence.
1. Hearing a loud noise, we ran to the window.

2. The motorcyclist was fatally injured in the accident and is now fighting for his life.
3. He ruined his sight by watching TV all day.
4. We saw a clown standing on his head.
5. Asking questions is a whole lot easier than answering them.
6. Waving their hands, the audience cheered the winner.
7. Plucking flowers is forbidden.
8. Jumping over the fence, the thief escaped.
9. I was surprised at John’s being absent.
10. We spent the whole day playing cards.
11. A miser hates spending his money.
12. John was angry at Alice trying to lie to her.
13. Praising all alike is praising none.
14. Are you afraid of speaking the truth?
15. Singing to herself is her chief delight.

Meynard G. Castro
Facilitator

Sir Yani Module Making-1

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Basic Education Department

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO LEARN?

This icon signals an activity you need to perform.

Module 1: Verbals Page 1

Module 01: Verbals

Put the verb into its gerund

1. I don’t ________________(go) out tonight.

Module 1: Verbals Page 2

A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that functions as a noun.

Like an ordinary single-word noun, a gerund may be used as a Subject

Subject (S) - a noun or pronoun partnered with a predicate verb.

1. does an action with an action verb

2. exists with a verb of being

3. is renamed or described after a verb of being or a linking verb

4. is acted upon with a passive verb

Module 1: Verbals Page 3

What is a Direct Object?

What is a Retained Object?

What is a indirect Object?

 always precedes a direct object

Module 1: Verbals Page 4

What is a Subjective Compliment?

Subjective Complement (SC) - a noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes (equals)

What is an Objective Compliment?

Objective Complement (OC) - a noun, pronoun, or adjective that renames or describes (equals)

Appositive (App) - a noun or pronoun that renames another noun; An appositive is usually

Module 1: Verbals Page 5

Gourmet renames the noun Joe. Therefore, gourmet is an appositive of Joe.

In this sentence, pleasure is the subjective complement of it.

Therefore, it = pleasure = to meet you.

Module 1: Verbals Page 6

Module 1: Verbals Page 7

How do we define gerunds aside from looking at their definitions in the

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.

Two kinds of participles:

Module 1: Verbals Page 8

Module 1: Verbals Page 9

Past participles may also be part of a participial phrase.

Module 1: Verbals Page 10

Participles and participial phrases should be

1. He was sitting in an arm chair a magazine.

3. The cup with milk stood on the table.

4. each other for ages, they had a lot to talk about.

5. into a rich family, she got everything she wished for.

6. the child of poor people, he often went to bed hungry.

7. his words, he apologized.

8. Well , we are very proud of you.

9. the car, he went to a restaurant.

Module 1: Verbals Page 11

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

II. Participles defined

A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of

An infinitive is a verbal formed by placing to in front of the simple present form

to swim to think to read to be to

Infinitives may function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.

An adjectival infinitive always follows the noun it describes.

Module 1: Verbals Page 12

B. Adverbial infinitives

EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence beginning

EXAMPLE: Adverbial infinitive at sentence end