URBAN DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT
- SOPHIA CHIN

CASE STUDY OF
STOCKHOLM CITY,
SWEDEN
► Stockholm has retained a great deal of its natural land cultural landscape.
► The open land areas in and around Stockholm form the green structure.
► Stockholm city must take place as far as possible on previously developed land
(brownfield sites).

INTRODUCTION
► Stockholm city plan on 4 October 1999 is
the comprehensive plan for land and
water uses and development.
The main strategy is to achieve sustainable
development by “building the city inwards”.
► An overall green structure is defined in
the plan along with guidelines for green
qualities.
► Stockholm City Plan 1999 and the Green
Map have been parallel projects.

STOCKHOLM CITY PLAN

► To create a green structure that serves
all its purposes, i.e. social, cultural,
ecological and technical functions
that work well as a whole.
► To give the green structure the same
standing as the building and traffic
structures, together they form a good
urban environment.
► To give an overall and simple picture of
where there are ecological, cultural
and social qualities in the city and
where these qualities are lacking.

GREEN MAP OBJECTIVES

► It is also to be used as a basis during the city’s transition towards long-term
sustainability.
► The Green Map clearly illustrates each area's qualities and their connection.
► The Green Map implements the guiding principles of the Stockholm City Plan.

USAGE OF GREEN MAP

► ECOLOGICAL QUALITIES
1. Department of Physical Geography at Stockholm University, in cooperation with
the city of Stockholm has developed the ecological valuation of the land.
2. The Biotope Map is an interpretation of infrared aerial photographs in which 78
different biotopes.
►DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF BIOTOPES
1. Especially valuable biotopes (green) are habitat for a large number of different
species and have the highest natural values.
2. Dispersion areas and buffer zones (yellow) The value of these biotopes depends
to a great extent on where they are situated.
3. Areas of low biological value (grey) with little or no vegetation usually have
very few natural qualities and function.

ECOLOGY AND
BIOTOPES
 AN ERA OF RAPID
DEVELOMENT

1952 – AN IDEAL
PLAN FOR A
METRO-SERVED
SUBURB

URBAN G ROWTH
 SURVEY OF VALUABLE OPEN SPACES
► Carried out by means of field studies and interpreting aerial photographs
► Shows parks and natural areas, other public land, housing areas, other land reserved
for building and unplanned land.
► Classification based on experiences and inquiries.

VALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN SPACES

GREEN GRID Open areas with major social and cultural qualities.
YELLOW GRID Areas with good access to valuable open spaces
GREY GRID Areas with limited access to valuable open spaces

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

QUALITIES
 VALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN SPACES
Open areas with major
social and cultural qualities
Exceptional cases are when
other important interests are at
stake and no alternative
location is available
Protected under the
Environmental Code and the
Planning and Building Act
Preserved & improved for
recreation
Remain undeveloped
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
QUALITIES
Areas with good access to
valuable open spaces
Preserved, protected and
developed on a scale both
reasonable and characteristic for
that particular city district
Qualities must be protected by
applying the provisions under the
Planning and Building Act
Half of the built-up area is
valuable open space
Areas with limited access to
valuable open spaces
Area improved for recreation
when planning, to create a multi-
functional structure of green
areas and open spaces that is
well suited to its purpose
Only 1/4 or less of the area is
classified as valuable open
space
► Stockholm is a developing capital city
► Stockholm’s position as a node in the Baltic region
► The developing policies aim of making building
housing and workplaces without violating the
attractiveness and unique characteristics of the
city.
► Stockholm has a unique character as a city of
green and blue – large preserved green areas
and blue waters around the islands the city was
built on.

SUSTAINABLE COMPACT
CITY
 ► Strategy: buy land for development and to
Growing Strong
preserve areas for recreation purposes
awareness of demand for following the principles of zoning.
environmental new housing
issues ► Designed as a neighbor-hood unit
1. Social and commercial core
Increasing Developing
2. High density housing close to the
station
ethnic and
social
segregation
ISSUE economy –
growing IT and
media industry ► Establishing an efficient public transport system,
based on a network of metro lines and
commuting trains.
No unused
land left to
Increasing ► Establishing largescale systems for
car traffic 1. Heating
develop
2. Sewage
3. Waste treatment

DEVELOPMENT OF
STOCKHOLM AS
COMPACT CITY
► Stockholm City Plan 99 - adopted by the City Council
LINDHAGEN
in October 1999 CITY NOW
► A broad discussion among citizens, organizations,
local authorities, companies, governmental authorities
was part of the process in making the plan
► At public meetings and exhibitions all around the city
citizens gave their opinion about the plan
► The aim of the City Plan 99 is to “build the city inwards”
- Reuse already developed land
- Respect and enhance the character of the City
- Redevelop semi-central area
1. transform older industrial areas into new
urban areas of mixed uses and variation LINDHAGEN
CITY IN A
- Concentrate new development to areas with good FEW YEARS
access to public transport

STRATEGY-BUILD CITY
INWARDS
INCREASING CAR TRAFFIC FACILITIES
► The congestion tax is charged for certain vehicles ► Cycling bikes
driven in to, and out of the inner city of Stockholm, ► Smart card
between 6:30 am and 6:30 pm Monday to Friday ► Park and ride
► Intended to : ► Interconnection from cars and
1. improve traffic flow bikes to taxis and regional trains
2. contribute to improvements in the ► Increasing security
urban environment
3. raise money for investment in the
transport network
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
► Transportation system more environmentally
friendly, and to increase the proportion of
pedestrians, cyclists and users of public transport.

STRATEGY-BUILD CITY
INWARDS
ECO FRIENDLY GASES
► Biodiesel
- renewable fuel for diesel engines
- derived from different vegetable oils
► Biogas
- produced naturally when organic waste ferments -no health hazardous emissions
- very little greenhouse gas emissions – less noisy
► Ethanol
FROM TOILET TO TANK
► Since 1996, Stockholm uses biogas from sewage toilet water) for transport.
► In 2005, the second plant opened at the water treatment.
► It feeds a bus depot and a commercial fueling station with biogas through a pipeline.
► The present pro duction can operate 130 inner city buses and about 1,000 cars and vans.
► Stockholm also per forms a study on how to collect restaurant and household waste and feed
it into the water treatment plant, thus increasing the amount of biogas.

STRATEGY-BUILD CITY
INWARDS
 The city Plans to develop mixed use areas with attractive
housing, business facilities
IDEA OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
► reuse and redevelop old partly abandons industrial and
harbor
► Take advantage of already existing investment in
infrastructure
AGENDAS
► Urban development areas on the edge of the inner city
► Developing Kista Science City
► Stockholm as a part of a multi-core structure
► Preserving and developing the green structure
► Participation in enhancing suburban areas
► The city Plans to develop mixed use areas with attractive
housing, business facilities

DEVELOPMENT – AREAS
ON THE EDGE OF THE
INNER CITY
TVARBANAN- TRAM SYSTEM
► Connection between the redial metro lines going from the suburbs to the inner city.
► The first effort in Stockholm to establish a peripheral heavy public communication link
► Open new possibilities to develop urban nuclei in the nodes where the tram connects to the
metro lines.

DEVELOPMENT – TRAM
SYSTEM
 ► Largest on-going urban development
project
► New part of inner Stockholm where
the focus is on the water
► Run-down port and industrial district
being transformed into modern,
ecologically sustainable part of a city
► An old dockland and industrial areas
being transform into modern city area
that will form a logical extension of
Sodermalm, with 8,000 apartment
housing population of 20,000
► After completion of all parts of the
project in 2010 there will be 30,000
people living and working in the area.

HAMMARBY SJOSTAD
► Some of the most advanced companies
within Telecom and Internet business
sphere are establishing their head offices
for the European and Nordic market
► Less space is needed for warehouse and
goods on the quays and greet parts of
harbor area will possible to develop for
housing and the offices
► This area will be completed with new
housing in an excellent position close to
public transport and to water in the north
western part.
► Lind Hagen street now designed as a
road for heavy commercial traffic, will be
developed as boulevard

NORTH WEST
KUNGSHOLMEN
 ► More based on roll on/ roll off
handling.
► Within area also one of the
largest firms in Biotechnology,
Pharmacia – has a research
facilities.
► The new housing and offices will
co-exist with expanding ferry and
ro/ro traffic.
► The development have already
started spontaneously as many
firms mainly in information
technology and media business
have moved into the old
warehouses.

VARTAN-FRIHAMNEN
HARBOUR
► One of the worlds most important it-clusters
► Firms ( Ericson, Nokia, intel, Microsoft, Motorola etc.) have chosen to locate their
development in wireless telecom and wireless internet to this area.
► The city is now working with a project to transform these areas to an attractive place for work
and life.
► Using Tvarbanan as public transport in an effort to over-bridge cultural and ethnic barriers
existing in the areas.

KISTA SCIENCE CITY

► Providing jobs to unemployed people through a co-operatively program with job matching
between the growing advanced IT-industry in Kista and the housing areas south.
► The ideas of landscape park is planned to promote social connection between northwestern
parts and poorer suburban area south of Stockholm.
► The design to be an ecological and cultural park with meeting places.

KISTA SCIENCE CITY

STOCKHOLM AS A PART OF A MULTI -CORE STRUCTURE
► Investment in public transport and subsidy to keep down fares.
e.g.: i) 70% people travel from house to workplace using public transport.
ii) Develop strategic area in prevent user to use its own car.
► Use train for far distance
e.g.: i) Malar Valley consist ¾ countries, big town and cities
ii) To avoid further development of edge cities served by car
iii) car traffic is decreasing.
PRESERVATION OF GREEN STRUCTURE
► Stockholm city and the Green Map have been parallel project which the Green Map goes
further and defines the green qualities.
► The Green Map defines the values of parks and green areas.
► It is divided into an ecological part, based on the biotope mapping showing bio-diversity,
and a socio-cultural part based on a “ sociotype map” (a places for human activities and
experiences) which is the result of a communicative process involving citizens.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT
STRUCTURE
PARTICIPATION IN ENHANCING SUBURBAN AREAS
► Late 60’s, early 70’s – built million suburbs along metro lines in order to get rid of heavy housing
shortage
► 70’s – Suburbs move to own house, so flat become empty
► 90’s – Increasing social problems in Million programmed areas.
► Planning issue needs to manage in order to continuing development to enhance democracy
and citizen engagement.
► Come out with Outer City program where built environment and design standard of building
improved following in the initiative from tenants.

DEVELOPMENT OF
SUBURBAN AREA