MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY -

ILIGAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines

THERMAL COMFORT EVALUATION OF ST. MICHAEL’S

CATHEDRAL CHURCH (ILIGAN CITY) FOR INSTALLATION OF
OPTIMIZED HVAC SYSTEM

Christian Jay A. Uayan

Jimmy A. Tizon
Joshua S. Faustino
Judy Mark T. Ortega
Vincent Rey A. Bandoles

In partial fulfillment to the course

ME 162: Air Conditioning Engineering

Napoleon A. Enteria, Ph.D

Professor
Department of Mechanical and Engineering Science
Abstract—The study recorded the indoor
thermal environment of St. Michael’s
Cathedral Church and analyzed the variation
of temperature and humidity with respect to
the zone position and time of the day. A
systematic simulation of church model
reflected the regions of high temperature and
humidity and led to the proposal of a suitable
air distribution system.
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In year 2019, Iligan City experienced a year
average temperature of 28.33 ºC with highest in
the month of May with an average of 31 ºC and
year average humidity of 78.16 percent with 83
percent as the highest in the month of January as
shown in the figures below.
Figure 1: Iligan City Temperature Plot during 2019
Figure 2: Iligan City Humidity Plot during 2019
According to the handbook of ASHRAE
Standard 55-2017 under Section 5 which
discusses the conditions that provide thermal
comfort, there are six factors to be considered
when defining conditions for acceptable thermal
comfort: metabolic rate, clothing insulation, air
temperature, radiant temperature, air speed and
humidity.
Common heating, ventilating and air-
conditioning (HVAC) systems nowadays are
configured just to decrease or increase
temperature for cooling and heating requirements
as well as decrease or increase the humidity for
dehumidifying or humidifying the moisture
existing in air. Hence the researchers only
focused to determine the appropriate temperature
and humidity conditions for human comfort
although the air can further be filtered from
unwanted particulates and contaminants.
Figure 3: Acceptable Ranges of Operative Temperature
and Humidity (ASHRAE Standard 55-1992)
Shown in the above figure is the acceptable
ranges of operative temperature and humidity for
people in typical summer and winter clothing
during light and primarily sedentary activity (≤
1.2 met). The ranges are considered at general
thermal comfort whereby the effects of thermal
radiation asymmetry, drafts, vertical air
temperature differences, and floor surface
temperatures are not covered, as how the local
thermal comfort is described.
Statement of the Problem
It was reported that the average temperature
around Iligan City on 2019 is 28.33 ºC and this
indicates that the value did not fall on the
acceptable range even at the summer conditions
of operative temperature, with value at maximum
of around 27 ºC. Besides, the 78.16 percent
average humidity is critical on the plot of relative
humidity for acceptable range.
In response to this problem, the researchers
proposed an air distribution system for Iligan
City Cathedral Church that will significantly
improve the temperature as well as relative
humidity and will be suited on the average
conditions for tropical season of the country.
Objectives of the Study
The main goal is to design a promising air
distribution system that will mitigate the thermal
discomfort experienced by the church-goers of
St. Michael’s Cathedral. Specifically, it aims:
1. To determine the variation of temperature
and humidity of different locations of the
entire zone within the church.
2. To model the structure of the church such
that the indoor conditions can be
simulated and examined.
Significance of the Study
The study is driven to provide the blueprint
of an air conditioning system that will be
beneficial to the church attendants and Catholic
ministry of St. Michael’s Cathedral.
Scope and Limitations
The vicinity considered in the conduct of the
study will encompass only to the indoor
environment of the church and does not include
the outside surroundings. Furthermore, the study
mainly focused on the air temperature and
humidity distribution among the six thermal
comfort conditions.
Definition of Key Terms
Air Conditioning – refers to the control of
temperature, moisture content, cleanliness,
air quality, and air circulation as required by
occupants, a process, or a product in the
space.
Air Handler - contains heating and/or cooling
coils, fans for moving the air, and filters.
All-air System – the airstream provides both
energy and ventilation (as well as moisture
control) to the conditioned space
ASHRAE Handbook - consists of four volumes
entitled HVAC Systems and Equipment,
Fundamentals, Refrigeration, and HVAC
Applications.
Cleaning - implies filtering, although it also may
be necessary to remove contaminant gases or
odors from the air.
Cooling - transfer of energy from a space, or from
air supplied to a space, to make up for the
energy being gained by that space.
Cooling Load - rate at which energy must be
removed from a space to maintain the
temperature and humidity at the design
values.
Dehumidification - reducing the amount of water
vapor in an airstream for the purpose of
maintaining desired humidity levels in a
conditioned space.
Demand Charge - charge for maximum power or
rate of use.
Heat Extraction Rate - rate at which energy is
removed from the space by the cooling and
dehumidifying equipment.
Heat Gain - rate at which energy is transferred to
or generated within a space and has two
components: sensible heat and latent heat.
Heating - to bring a space up to a higher
temperature than existed previously or to
replace the energy being lost to colder
surroundings by a space.
Humidifying - water vapor transferred to the
heated supply air
Latent Cooling - the energy involved in the
moisture removal only.
Peak Demand Period – critical period when
demand charges are the highest
Sensible Heat Transfer - manifested solely in
raising or maintaining the temperature of the
air
Zone – a conditioned space under the control of
a single thermostat.
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Thermal Comfort
Thermal comfort refers to individual’s state
of mind with regards to the satisfaction of the
thermal environment. Several factors are
considered in contributing thermal comfort, one
is from environmental factors and the other is
personal factors.
Environmental factors include the following
parameters:
• Air temperature
• Radiant temperature
• Air velocity
• Humidity
While personal factors include the following:
• Clothing insulation
• Metabolic heat
These factors may vary with time and as a
result individual may feel uncomfortable when
entering a space as they experience different
environmental conditions.
Air Temperature
Air temperature determines the amount of
heat present in the air and measured either in
Fahrenheit (°F) or in Celsius (°C). To avoid
thermal discomfort, ANSI/ ASHRAE set a
standard where the air temperature difference
should not exceed 3°C (5.4°F) while sitting and
4°C (7.2°F) while standing.
Radiant Temperature
Radiant temperature refers to the amount of
heat emitted by a body. Radiant heat can be
present from any sources such as the sun, light
bulb, wall surfaces, etc.
Radiant temperature asymmetry is calculated
to determine the effect of radiant temperature on
thermal comfort. ANSI/ASHRAE standard 55 set
the calculation at waist level in 0.6m (24 in.) in
sitting position and 1.1m (43 in.) in standing
position. ANSI/ASHRAE recommended that the
radiant temperature asymmetry should not
exceed at the temperatures shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4: Allowable Radiant Temperature Asymmetry
Air Velocity
Air velocity is described as the air movement
across an object. This is considered greatly since
heat can be transferred in air by convection. By
standards for average speed for occupant without
control, three limits are applied:
a) Average air speed shall be 0.8 m/s (160 fpm)
for operating temperatures above 25.5 °C
(77.9 °F).
b) At operating temperature between 23.0 °C
(73.4 °F) and 25.0 °C (77.9 °F), average air
speed can be calculated by determining the
curve shown in Figure 5 and using the
equation:
𝑉𝑎 = 50.49 − 4.4047(𝑡0 ) + 0.096425(𝑡0 )2
where unit of air speed and operating
temperature is in m/s and °C respectively. In
terms of fpm and °F units,
𝑉𝑎 = 31375.7 − 857.295(𝑡0 ) + 5.86288(𝑡0 )2
c) Average air speed shall be 0.2 m/s (40 fpm)
at operating temperature below 23.0 °C (73.4
°F).
Figure 5: Acceptable Ranges of t0 and va at 1.0 and 0.5 clo
Comfort Zones
Figure 6: Clothing Insulation Values for Typical
Humidity Ensembles

Humidity is defined as the amount of

moisture present in the air. High humidity means
that more saturated water vapor is present. For
humid weather or location, people tend to be
uncomfortable as less sweat evaporate for body
cooling.

According to Health and Safety Executive

(HSE), relative humidity has no major impact on
thermal comfort between 40% and 70%.
Humidity may be higher than 70% for non-
airconditioned workplaces or locations in which
weather from outdoors can influence. Indoor
environment has varying humidity depending on
wither drying process is present.

Clothing Insulation

ANSI/ASHRAE provides the values of

insulation to sensible heat through clothing and
garment, expressed in units of clo, shown in Figure 7: Garment Insulation Values
Figure 6 and 7.

Figure 8 shows added insulation when sitting

on chair which is only applicable for clothing
ensembles with standing insulation values of
between 0.5 clo and 1.2 clo.

Metabolic Rate

Metabolic rate is the rate at which chemical

energy is converted into heat and mechanical Figure 8: Added Insulation When Sitting on a Chair
energy individual activities, expressed in met.
 Figure 9 shows different task with measured and the delivering method such as air handling
metabolic rate. equipment, fan coils, air ducts, and water pipes.

HVAC System Selection

System selection depends on three main

factors including the building configuration, the
climate conditions, and the owner desire. The
design engineer is responsible for considering
various systems and recommending more than
one system to meet the goal and satisfy the owner
of a building. Some criteria can be considered
such as climate change (e.g., temperature,
humidity, and space pressure), building capacity,
spatial requirements, cost such as capital cost,
operating cost, and maintenance cost, life cycle
analysis, and reliability and flexibility.

However, the selection of a system has some

constraints that must be determined. These
constraints include the available capacity
according to standards, building configuration,
available space, construction budget, the
available utility source, heating and cooling
building loads.

Basic Components of an HVAC System

Figure 9: Measured Metabolic Rate at Different Activities
The basic components or equipment of an
HVAC system that delivers conditioned air to
Types of HVAC Systems satisfy thermal comfort of space and occupants
and the achieve the indoor air quality are listed
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning below:
(HVAC) system is designed to achieve the
environmental requirements of the comfort of • Mixed-air plenum and outdoor air control
occupants and a process. • Air filter
• Supply fan
HVAC systems can be classified according to • Exhaust or relief fans and an air outlet
necessary processes and distribution process. The • Outdoor air intake
required processes include the heating process, • Ducts
the cooling process, and ventilation process. • Terminal devices
Other processes can be added such as • Return air system
humidification and dehumidification process.
• Heating and cooling coils
These processes can be achieved by using
suitable HVAC equipment such as heating • Self-contained heating or cooling unit
systems, air-conditioning systems, ventilation • Cooling tower
fans, and dehumidifiers. The HVAC systems • Boiler
need the distribution system to deliver the • Control
required amount of air with the desired • Water chiller
environmental condition. The distribution system • Humidification and dehumidification
mainly varies according to the refrigerant type equipment
Classification of HVAC Systems Maintenance Accessible to the Accessible to
cost equipment room for equipment to be
maintenance and located in the
The major classification of HVAC systems is saving equipment in basement or the
central system and decentralized or local system. excellent condition, living space.
which saves However, it is
Types of a system depend on addressing the maintenance cost difficult for roof
primary equipment location to be centralized as location due to bad
weather
conditioning entire building as a whole unit or Reliability Central system Reliable equipment,
decentralized as separately conditioning a equipment can be an although the
specific zone as part of a building. Therefore, the attractive benefit estimated equipment
when considering its service life may be
air and water distribution system should be long service life less
designed based on system classification and the Flexibility Selecting standby Placed in numerous
equipment to provide locations to be more
location of primary equipment. The criteria as an alternative source flexible
mentioned above should also be applied in of HVAC or backup
selecting between two systems. Table 1 shows
the comparison of central and local systems Table 1: Comparison of Central and Local HVAC
systems
according to the selection criteria.
Central HVAC systems
Criteria Central system Decentralized A central HVAC system may serve one or
system
Temperature, Fulfilling any or all of Fulfilling any or all
more thermal zones, and its major equipment is
humidity, the design parameters of the design located outside of the served zone(s) in a suitable
and space parameters central location whether inside, on top, or
pressure
requirements adjacent to the building. Central systems must
Capacity Considering HVAC Maximum capacity condition zones with their equivalent thermal
requirements diversity factors to is required for each load. Central HVAC systems will have as several
reduce the installed equipment
equipment capacity control points such as thermostats for each zone.
Significant first cost Equipment sizing
The medium used in the control system to
and operating cost diversity is limited provide the thermal energy sub-classifies the
Redundancy Standby equipment is No backup or
central HVAC system, as shown in Figure 10.
accommodated for standby equipment
troubleshooting and
maintenance
Special An equipment room is Possible of no
requirements located outside the equipment room is
conditioned area, or needed
adjacent to or remote
from the building
Installing secondary Equipment may be
equipment for the air located on the roof
and water distribution and the ground
which requires adjacent to the
additional cost building
First cost High capital cost Affordable capital
cost
Considering longer
equipment services
life to compensate the
high capital cost
Operating More significant Less energy efficient Figure 10: Horizontal Hierarchy Representation of The
cost energy efficient primary equipment Main Types of Central HVAC Systems
primary equipment
A proposed operating Various energy
system which saves peaks due to Variable Air Volume
operating cost occupants’
preference Some spaces require different airflow of
Higher operating
cost supply air due to the changes in thermal loads.
 Figure 11: All-Air HVAC Systems with VAV Terminal Units
Therefore, a variable-air-volume (VAV) all-air
system is the suitable solution for achieving
thermal comfort. The previous four types of all-
air systems are constant volume systems. The
VAV system consists of a central air handling
unit which provides supply air to the VAV
terminal control box that located in each zone to
adjust the supply air volume, as shown in Figure
11. The temperature of supply air of each zone is
controlled by manipulating the supply air flow
rate.
The main disadvantage is that the controlled
airflow rate can negatively impact other adjacent
zones with different or similar airflow rate and
temperature. Also, part-load conditions in
buildings may require low air-flow rate which
reduces the fan power resulting in energy
savings. It may also reduce the ventilation flow
rate, which can be problematic to the HVAC
system and affecting the indoor air quality of the
building.
Local HVAC systems
Some buildings can have multiple zones or
have a large, single zone, which needs central
HVAC systems to serve and provide the thermal
needs. However, other building may have a
single zone which needs equipment located
inside the zone itself, such as small houses and
residential apartments. This type of system is
considered as local HVAC systems since each
equipment serving its zone without crossing
boundaries to other adjacent zones (e.g., using an
air conditioner to cool down a bedroom, or using
an electrical heater for the living room).
Therefore, a single zone requires only one-
point control point connected to a thermostat to
activate the local HVAC system. Some buildings
have multiple local HVAC systems as proper
equipment serving specific single zones and
controlled by the one-point control of the desired
zone. However, these local systems are not
connected and integrated to central systems, but
still part of a large full-building HVAC systems.
There are many types of local HVAC systems as
shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12: Horizontal Hierarchy Representation of the
Main Types of Local HVAC Systems
Unitary Air-conditioner
This system is a packaged device consisting
of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle that
contains a compressor, a condenser, an expansion
valve, and an evaporator, in addition to a fan, a
filter, control system and housing. It is installed
on the exterior wall of the building and generally
located near the floor-wall intersection, as shown
in Figure 13. Every single zone will contain one
unitary air-conditioner as in each guest room in
many hotels.
Figure 13: Unitary Air-conditioner Package
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Field Measurement •Globe Thermometer
of Atmospheric •Digital Anemometer
Quantities
Subjective •Survey Questionnaire
Assessment of
Indoor Conditions
Structural Design •3d Modeling via Solidworks
and Fluid •Computational Fluid
Simulation Dynamics
Analysis of Results •Theoretical Equations
and Comparative •Tabular Presentations
Study •Graphical Presentations
Proposal of an •Central System
Appropriate HVAC •Local System
System
Figure 14: Flowchart of the System of Study
Careful and precise evaluation of the site is
required in order to achieve the proper
distribution of temperature and humidity. The
prrevious diagram shows the steps that will be
undertaken:
METHODOLOGY
The initial step of the process flowchart is to
gather information regarding the system and this
requires three different approaches: field
measurement, subjective assessment and fluid
simulation. Considering the first approach, the
researchers are to measure the indoor
temperature and relative humidity at different
nodes of the zone.
Devices for Field Measurement
o Laser Distance Meter
It is used for accurately determining the
distance of an object or span without contact by
way of a laser. The basic measuring principle is
based on measuring the transit time of laser
pulses between the laser distance meter and the
object to be measured.
Figure 15: Laser Distance Meter
o Globe Thermometer
The globe thermometer was introduced by
Vernon in 1930 as a means of assessing the
combined effects of radiation, air temperature
and air velocity on human comfort.
 Figure 16: Globe Thermometer Set-up
It consists of a hollow copper sphere painted
matt black to absorb radiant heat, with a
temperature sensor at its center. When it reaches
a steady state (after 15 minutes or so depending
on the size of the globe and the environmental
conditions) the heat exchanges by convection and
radiation will be in equilibrium, and the
temperature recorded by the sensor will be
somewhere between the air and radiant
temperature. This is referred to as the globe
temperature (tg) or black globe temperature and
resembles the thermal conditions felt by the
human body.
o Digital Anemometer
Digital Anemometer allows measuring
atmospheric effects, namely wind velocity,
temperature, and humidity for better data
analysis. It also possesses various features such
as Beaufort scale, switch between Celsius and
Fahrenheit, switch between metric and imperial
system, or the battery status indicator. The device
is capable of displaying minimum, average, and
maximum wind velocity value. Its compact
design makes the digital Anemometer suitable
for both outdoor and indoor use.
Subjective Assessment
Survey among the church attendants will be
conducted in order to verify or support the results
of the direct measurement. Questionnaires will
be handed to the respondents to be answered with
their preference such as the following:
Figure 17: 3 in 1 Digital Anemometer
• Days of the week when attending mass
• Time schedule
• Seated position
• Comfortability
• Suggestions
The results of the survey will be discussed
after this chapter. A copy of the survey
questionnaire is provided at the Appendix
section.
System of Interest
This study will focus on the evaluation of a
specific system of interest, the St. Michael’s
Cathedral Church which is located at Obach
Street Corner, Manuel L. Quezon Avenue,
Poblacion, Iligan City 9200, Philippines. Mass is
held every day at different time frames and the
church is most crowded on Sunday masses.
Figure 18: Satellite View of St. Michael’s Cathedral
Church, Iligan City (Photo retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/maps)
Site Evaluation

The researchers conducted a site evaluation

to gather on-site data on February 11, 2020. The
building parameters were measured using a laser
distance meter and a steel tape. The mean radiant
temperature was measured through a 6 in
diameter black globe thermometer while the air
temperature and relative humidity were
measured using a 3 in 1 digital device
(anemometer, hygrometer, thermometer). These
were measured in three different levels which are
the ankle, waist and head, 0.1, 0.6 and 1.1 for Figure 21: Right Side View of the Model
seated occupants, respectively as stated in
ASHRAE Standard 55-2017.

Figure 21: Angled View of the Model

PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 19: Top View of the Model Field Measurements

The table in Table 2 shows the measured and

calculated values of thermal comfort parameters.
Of the 9 test points, it can be seen that the air
temperature is within 27.4ᵒC and 30.7ᵒC while
the mean radiant temperature is within 29ᵒC and
29.2ᵒC. Moreover, the wind speed and relative
humidity are 0.8mph and 78.65% respectively.
Also, the table shows the data measured outside
the church which are the right wing (RW), the left
wing (LW) and the front side (F).

Subjective Assessment

The results obtained through survey are

presented both in tabular and graphical form.
Figure 20: Front View of the Model
Table 2: Data of Thermal Comfort Parameters

Figure 22: Location of Nodes Inside the Church

 Question 1 Question 5
Preferred Day
Weekdays 6 1 0
7
Saturday 3 2 1 6
6
Sunday 6 3 0
5
4 1
4
3 3 3
Question 2a 5 0
3
2 2
Monday 3 6 3 2
1
Tuesday 2 7 4 1
Wednesday 3 8 1 0
Thursday 1 Saturday Sunday Monday
Friday 2 Question 6
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Yes 2
Friday
Question 3a No 8
5:30am - 7:00am 1 Figure 23: Preferred Day of the Respondents
7:30am - 9:00 am 1 Question 7
12:00pm - 1:30pm 2 Yes 7
5:30pm - 7:00pm 2 No 3
Preferred Time (Weekdays)
Question 3b Question 8 2.5

5:30am - 7:00am 0 Yes 10 2

7:30am - 9:00 am 1 No 0 1.5

5:30pm - 7:00pm 2 1

Question 8a 0.5
Question 3c Hot 0 0
5:30am - 7:30am - 12:00pm - 5:30pm -
4:30am - 6:00 am 1 Muggy 0
7:00am 9:00 am 1:30pm 7:00pm
6:15am - 7:45am 2 Congested 0
8:00am - 9:30am 0 No Wind 0 Figure 24: Preferred Time to Attend Mass on Weekdays
1:30pm - 3:00pm 1 Other 0
3:15pm - 4:45pm 0
5:00pm - 6:30pm 3 Question 9
Preferred Time (Saturday)
More Electric Fans 2
2.5
Question 4 Install Aircon 1
morning mass 4 More Space 5 2

afternoon mass 6 More Trees 2 1.5

Others 0 1
0.5
Table 3: Tabular representation of Subjective Assessment
0
5:30am - 7:00am 7:30am - 9:00 5:30pm -
The respondents are asked what day they am 7:00pm
prefer to attend mass. The figure shows that the
respondents prefer most to attend mass on
Figure 25: Preferred Time to Attend Mass on Saturday
Sunday and prefer least on Thursday. The next
graphical representation will emphasize the
preferences.
 REFERENCES
Preferred Time (Sunday)
3.5 Seyam, S. (2018). Types of Hvac Systems.
3 Retrieved from: intechopen.com/books/hvac-
2.5 system/types-of-hvac-systems
2
1.5 n.a. (2014). UPMC Health Beat. Effects of
1
humidity on your Body. Retrieved from:
0.5
0 https://share.upmc.com/2014/06/effects-
4:30am - 6:15am - 8:00am - 1:30pm - 3:15pm - 5:00pm - humidity-
6:00 am 7:45am 9:30am 3:00pm 4:45pm 6:30pm
body/?fbclid=IwAR31TVWaGPD_Yb8qPay1b
WttZzLU_EtloEISQZcOjRDy5HKPoHY3AjHn
Figure 26: Preferred Time to Attend Mass on Sunday iyE

n.a. (n.d.). Health and Safety Executive. The six

basic factors. Retrieved from:
Preferred Time Schedule https://www.hse.gov.uk/temperature/thermal/fac
tors.htm?fbclid=IwAR3abDalGpvdfq6f-
8
MX03oxXoodhsNKEhxqUpFB2ouN25MjKjvw
6
FIzy-74A
4
2 Staff, F. (2010). Environmental Monitor. What is
0 Air Temperature?. Retrieved from:
morning mass afternoon mass
https://www.fondriest.com/news/airtemperature.
htm?fbclid=IwAR1IiaHCbgqc9nboazB9szSBrR
Figure 27: Preferred Time Schedule to Attend Mass amLZHyvp4cfEyHVyDbB1gDOKshfcW0BwY

n.a. (2011). Thermal Environmental Conditions

for Human Occupancy. ASHRAE 55. ASHRAE
Comfortableness during Mass Board of Directors. American National Standards
Institute.
15
10 n.a. (2019). Globe temperature Retrieved from:
5 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Glo
0 be_temperature
Yes No
n.a. (n.d.). Digital Anemometer. Retrieved from:
Figure 28: Comfortableness During Mass https://www.horizoneducational.com/juniorprod
ucts/digital-anemometer/

Recommendation for Indoor

Improvement
6
4
2
0
More Install More More Others
Electric Aircon Space Trees
Fans

Figure 29: Recommendation for Indoor Improvement

 APPENDIX

Air Conditioning Survey Questionnaire

5. Please check the box of the location you mostly sit
during mass.

How Are We Doing?

ALTAR
Thank for agreeing to take part in this important
survey regarding comfort during mass held in Saint
Michael’s Cathedral.

Today we will be gaining your thoughts and 1 2 3 4

opinions in improving comfort during mass.

This survey should take about 3-5 minutes to

complete. Rest assured that all answers you
provide will be kept in the strictest confidentiality.

1. Please check the box of the day/s of the week 5 6 7 8

you mostly go to church and attend mass. (You
can select more than one)
 Weekdays  Saturday  Sunday

6. Do you bring a hand fan when attending mass?

 YES  NO
2a. If you check weekdays, check the box of the
day/s you attend mass. Otherwise leave blank.
(You can select more than one) 7. Have you seen individuals bringing hand fan when
attending mass?
 Monday  Tuesday  Wednesday
 YES  NO
 Thursday  Friday

8. Do you feel comfortable during mass?

 YES  NO
3a. If you check weekdays, check the box of the
time you attend mass. Otherwise, leave blank.
8a. If you check NO, please check the box for the reason.
 5:30am-7:00am 12:00pm-1:30pm Otherwise, leave blank. (You can select more than one)
 7:30am-9:00am  5:30pm-7:00pm
Hot (Init) 
Muggy (Igang) 
3b. If you check Saturday, check the box of the Congested (Guot) 
time you attend mass. Otherwise leave blank.
No Wind (Walay Hangin) 
 5:30am-7:00am  5:30pm-7:00pm
 7:30am-9:00am Others: __________________ 

3c. If you check Sunday, check the box of the

time you attend mass. Otherwise leave blank. 9. What can you recommend to improve the indoor
 4:30am-6:00am  1:30pm-3:00pm conditions of the church? (You can select only one)
 6:15am-7:45am  3:15pm-4:45pm Add more ceiling/electric fans 
 8:00am-9:30am  5:000pm-6:30pm
Install air-conditioning units 
Provide more space or widen the church 
4. At what schedule do you think the cathedral is Plant more trees near the location 
crowded during mass?
Others: __________________ 
 morning mass  afternoon mass