Chapter Eight

Summary and Recommendations

8.1 Summary

Based on field survey, analyses, hydrodynamic model run and discussion meetings with
RHD officials, the following conclusions and recommendations are made:

i) From the hydrological analysis the design high flood level (DHFL) at proposed
bridge site has been considered as 2.05 mMSL which corresponds to 100 year
return period.
ii) The average lowest water level at the proposed bridge location is -0.9 mMSL.
iii) The standard high water level at the proposed bridge location is 1.54 mMSL.
iv) The design discharge is 600 m3/s.
v) The maximum velocity near the pier is found to be about 1.0 m/s.
vi) The general scour using Lacey regime theory is estimated to be 7.0 m from the
maximum water level.
vii) The hydrodynamic model runs have been carried out considering 215 m length of
proposed bridge. The total length of the bridge including via duct is 1215 m
having 1 span of 115 m of the main bridge over the river and 22 spans of 50 m
each of via duct.

viii) The local scour around the piers is 5.0 m. Since the piers of the proposed bridge
will be located outside of the river bank line and the bank will be protected with
revetment work, total scour depth around the piers of bridge is suggested to be 5.0
m below the bed level.
ix) The bridge alignment, plan view and a longitudinal bridge profile, protection
works for the approach road, abutments and river banks have been suggested as
shown in Fig. 8.1 to Fig. 8.12.

x) The model study shows that the local scour around the bridge piers will cause
erosion of the banks. Therefore, typical design of bank protection works with CC
blocks over geo-textile has been suggested as shown in Fig. 8.5, 8.10, 8.11 and
8.12. Proper design of the bank protection must be done after selection of the
Final bridge location.

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8.2 Suggested Longitudinal Bridge Profile

Based on hydrological and morphological analyses, hydraulic design parameters have

been derived as summarized in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1 Summary of hydrological and morphological design parameters for the
proposed bridge over Enayet Khan Khal

Design parameter Estimated values

Estimated design discharge 600 m3/s
Estimated Design High Flood Level considering 100
2.05 mMSL
years return period (DHFL)
Average Low Water Level -0.90 mMSL
Estimated Standard High Water Level (SHWL) 1.54 mMSL
Vertical clearance 12.20 m
Bottom level of the girder at the center of bridge 13.74 mMSL
Top level of the girder at the center of bridge 17.24 mMSL
Finished Top level of bridge near left and right bank
17.24 mMSL
piers
Slope of the bridge top from the ends of center span
0%
towards both sides
Slope of the via duct 3%
Length of the bridge including via duct 1215 m
Number of pier in the river 0
Central Span length (clear) 115 m
Estimated maximum total scour at bridge Piers 5.0 m

Up to 100 m u/s from bridge

center line
Left Bank Protection Work
Up to 100 m d/s from bridge
centerline

Up to 100 m u/s from bridge

center line
Right Bank Protection Work
Up to 100 m d/s from bridge
center line.

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8.3 Protective Works

From planform analysis of the dry period satellite imagery over the last 8 years and the
field visit, it is found that both the banks of the river at vicinity of the proposed bridge site
are found to be more or less stable with some erosion on both left and right bank in the
downstream of the proposed bridge. After construction of the proposed bridge, the
tendency of bank erosion at both u/s and d/s of the bridge will increase. Therefore,
protection works with CC blocks over geo-textile is suggested at the both banks. A reach
of bank protection work of length 100 m along u/s direction and 100 m along d/s direction
on both banks from the centerline of the proposed bridge has been suggested. Proper
design for bank protection will be necessary near the bridge piers after the selection of
final bridge location and bridge design. Monitoring should be done during monsoon
period and emergency protection measures should be taken for any bank erosion, if
necessary. Special protection on the bank near the two bridge piers is needed. Typical
plan view and section of protection works around approach road and at both banks along
u/s and d/s of the proposed bridge are shown in Figures 8.1 to 8.12.

8.4 Recommendations

i) The length of the main span can be increased considering the bankline and
ease of construction. The length of the spans of the via duct can be adjusted
as per requirement of RHD.
ii) Pile caps of the bridge piers should be constructed at least at the level lower
than the existing thalweg of the river.
iii) Protective works around the river banks should be provided. Special
protection should be provided on the banks near the two bridge piers.
iv) Existing bridge including the piers should be dismantled after construction of
the proposed bridge. The piers of this existing bridge have caused local scour
of the river.
v) Sand mining or any dredging activities should not be allowed for up to 2 km
upstream, 2 km downstream at the vicinity of the bridge.
vi) Regular monitoring of river bank and bed condition in the vicinity of the
bridge site and around the piers is recommended.
vii) A water level gauge should be installed with the bridge pier for regular
monitoring of water level at the bridge site, especially during high flood.

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