Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Specification for
ICS 23.040.80
BS 2494:1990
© BSI 07-1999
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Designation 1
3 General 1
4 Text deleted 3
5 Text deleted 3
6 Seals of type T (above ground drainage) 3
7 Seals of type G (gas and hydrocarbon fluids) 3
8 Text deleted 3
Appendix A Method of tensile testing for spliced joints 7
Appendix B Text deleted 7
Appendix C Alternative tensile test piece 7
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
© BSI 07-1999 i
BS 2494:1990
Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Rubber
Standards Policy Committee and supersedes BS 2494:1986, which is withdrawn.
BS EN 681-1 contains requirements that supersede those for types W, D, H and
S in BS 2494:1990.
BS EN 681-2, to be published shortly, will supersede requirements for Type T.
BS EN 682, when published, will supersede requirements for Type G.
NOTE The manner in which seals are stored between manufacture and use is most important and
it is recommended that the advice given in Appendix G is followed.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this British Standard that the execution of
its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced personnel.
To assure themselves that products claimed to comply with BS 2494 consistently
achieve the required level of quality, purchasers ordering to this standard are
advised to specify in their purchasing contract that the supplier operates a
quality system in compliance with BS 5750-2.
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
WARNING. This standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that
may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.
ii © BSI 07-1999
BS 2494:1990
given in Appendix A and Appendix C to Appendix F. be in accordance with class M2 of BS 3734 for
Recommendations for the storage of seals are given moulded products and class E1 of BS 3734 for
in Appendix G. extruded products.
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard The tolerance on the diameter of seals made from
are listed on the inside back cover. cut and jointed lengths of vulcanized material shall
be in accordance with class M2 of BS 3734.
2 Designation
3.5 Splice joined seals
Elastomeric joint seals shall be designated 3.5.1 Materials. Any materials used to assist in
according to their intended application as given
making splice joints shall not detract from the
in Table 1.
performance of the seal type concerned.
3 General 3.5.2 Strength. There shall be no visible separation
in the area of the splice when a jointed seal or linear
3.1 Materials test piece is tested as described in Appendix A.
Seals of thermosetting elastomers shall be 3.6 Moulding integrity (weld lines and
manufactured from compounds that are free from gatemarks)
reclaimed rubber, vegetable oils, factice and
vulcanized waste. Seals of type T shall be When tested in accordance with Appendix F
manufactured from material that consists injection moulded seals of the type T, gated so as to
substantially of thermoplastic elastomers to which produce a weld line, shall not exhibit damage
may be added only those additives necessary for resulting from the elongation when examined in
their manufacture and processing into sound good light, without magnification.
durable mouldings. These seals may also contain 3.7 Composite seals
the manufacturer’s own clean rework material Each elastomeric component of a composite seal
resulting from the manufacture of seals to this shall comply with all the other requirements of this
standard. No other rework material shall be used. standard for the corresponding type of seal
3.2 Hardness designated in Table 1, except for those components
Seals shall be classified in two different hardness that will not be exposed to the contents of the
ranges, as given in Table 5 and Table 6. pipeline or pipework.
NOTE Different elastomeric components of a composite seal
When measured in accordance with the microtest may be selected from different hardness ranges.
described in BS 903-A26, the hardness shall not
differ by more than 3 IRHD from the specified
nominal value.
NOTE 1 It is common commercial practice for the seal hardness
to be specified by the purchaser.
NOTE 2 Although BS 903-A26 states that the microtest is
preferably for use in the hardness range 30 IRHD to 85 IRHD, for
application to joint seals it is considered to be suitable for
measurements up to 91 IRHD.
© BSI 07-1999 1
BS 2494:1990
Table 2 — Flash size 3.8.2 Product control tests. The following tests shall
Nominal Maximum flash be carried out according to the conditions listed in
Flash size the appropriate Table 5 and Table 6, using test
dimensions of seal thickness and/or
designationa
section width pieces in accordance with 3.8.1, obtained as
mm mm specified in 3.8.3:
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
2 © BSI 07-1999
BS 2494:1990
4 Text deleted
5 Text deleted
6 Seals of type T
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
7 Seals of type G
(gas and hydrocarbon fluids)
The physical properties of type G seals shall be as
given in Table 6.
8 Text deleted
© BSI 07-1999 3
Table 5 — Physical properties for seals of type T (thermoplastic elastomers for above ground use only)
4
BS 2494:1990
Property Unit Test method Test piece Hardness range
(see 3.8)
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
36 to 45 46 to 55 56 to 65 66 to 75
Table 6 — Physical properties for seals of type G (gas and hydrocarbon fluids)
© BSI 07-1999
Property Unit Test method Test pieces (see 3.8) Hardness range
46 to 55 56 to 65 66 to 75 76 to 84 85 to 91
Tensile strength, min. MPa BS 903:A2 BS 903:A2 type 2 or as 9 9 9 9 9
in Appendix Ca
Elongation at break, min. % BS 903:A2 As above 400 300 200 150 100
Hardness (microtest) IRHD BS 903:A26 2 mm minimum Within 3° of specified hardness
thicknessa
Compression set, max. 23 °C, 70 h % BS 903:A6 BS 903:A6 type 1 or 8 8 8 8 8
5 mm dia. × 3.5 mm or
7 mm dia. × 3.5 mma
Compression set, max. 70 °C, 22 h % BS 903:A6 As above 12 12 12 12 12
Compression set, max. – 5 °C, 70 h % BS 903:A39 As above 20 20 20 20 20
after 30 min. recovery at the test
temperature
Stress relaxation, max. % BS 903:A42 23 °C BS 903:A42 type 1 10 10 10 10 10
Ozone test — BS 903:A43: As specified No cracking visible under × 7 magnification
procedure A, 20 %
strain, 40 °C, 48 h,
25 p.p.h.m.b ozone,
55 ± 5 % r.h.
Liquid immersion tests
Volume increase, max. % Appendix E 30 30 30 30 30
Hardness change, max. IRHD Appendix E 2 mm sheet 16 15 15 14 12
Tensile strength, min. MPa Appendix E BS 903:A2 4.5 5 5 5 5
type 2 dumb-bell or as in
Appendix Ca
Elongation a break, min. % Appendix E As above 225 175 125 100 75
Desorption tests
Volume loss, max. % Appendix E 15 12 10 10 10
Accelerated ageing, 70 °C, 168 h BS 903:A19:
method A or Bc
Tensile strength, max. change form % BS 903:A2 same type of dumb-bell 10 10 10 10 10
original as used for 23 °C test
Elongation at break, max. change % BS 903:A2 As above 25 25 25 25 25
BS 2494:1990
from original
Hardness (microtest) max. change IRHD BS 903:A26 2 mm minimum 5 5 5 5 5
from original thicknessa
a
The same size of test piece is required to be used for each batch and for any comparative purposes (see 3.8.1).
b
25 p.p.h.m. = 25 × 10–10 % (V/V).
c
Attention is drawn to the restrictions on method B given in 6.2 BS 903:A19:1975.
5
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
6
BS 2494:1990
© BSI 07-1999
BS 2494:1990
© BSI 07-1999 7
BS 2494:1990
D.4 Calculation of low temperature hardness Obtain the value for separation of the centres of the
change pulleys for 100 % elongation of the seal from the
Subtract the initial hardness result obtained in following expression:
accordance with D.2 from the low temperature Ï (d – p)
hardness result obtained in accordance with D.3 where
and report the difference as the low temperature
d is the outside diameter of the spigot which is to
hardness change, in IRHD.
enter the seal;
Appendix E Method for determining p is the diameter of pulleys or rollers.
resistance to liquid immersion and NOTE When testing small seals using one pulley and a pin, p is
the average diameter of pulley and pin.
desorption
Carry out the following tests in accordance with the Appendix G Recommendations for
appropriate clauses of BS 903-A16 using liquid B, storage of seals
an immersion period of 168 h at 23 ± 2 °C and a
At all stages between manufacture and use it is
volume ratio of liquid to rubber of not less
recommended that the seals are stored in
than 50 : 1. Check that the increase in volume of
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
8 © BSI 07-1999
BS 2494:1990
Publications referred to
© BSI 07-1999
BS 2494:1990
Revisions
It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services.
We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using
this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee
responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.
Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400.
BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures
that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
Buying standards
Licensed Copy: KEO International, KEO International, 12 August 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be
addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001.
Information on standards
Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
UK, of the publications of the internationalstandardization bodies. Except as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written
permission from BSI.
This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.