TANKLESS WATER HEATER

 Assumptions:
- Steady operating conditions exist.
- The surface temperature of the
pipe is constant.
- The thermal resistance of the pipe
is negligible (We will check).
- The inner surfaces of the pipe are
smooth.

 Properties:
outer diameter : D 1=5 cm ,
inner diameter : D2=4 cm∧¿
length : L=7 m

T 1=20 ℃ , T 2=70 ℃∧¿

T wall=T surface =100 ℃


20+70
The properties of water at the bulk mean temperature of T b= =45℃ are ( Table A−9 ) ;
2

kg
density : ρ=990.1
m3

W
thermal conductivity : k=0.637
m℃

J
specific heat :C p=4180
kg m3

Prantl number : Pr =3.91

kinematic viscocity : v=6.02 x 10−7 m2 /s

  Analyses:
V̇ V̇ V̇
mean velocity :V m = = = =( 795.78 V̇ ) m/s
A c π D 22 π 0.04 2
4 4

V m . D 795.78 V̇ (0.04) 6
reynold number : ℜ= = =(52.88 x 10 ) V̇
v 6.02 x 10 −7

hD
nusselt number : Nu= =0.023 . ℜ0.8 . Pr 0.4 =0.023(52.88 x 106 )0.8 V̇ 0.8 .(3.91)0.4 =59873 V̇ 0.8
k

hD W
for Nu= , heat transfer coefficient :h= ( 953479 ) V̇ 0.8 2
k m ℃

mass flow rate: ṁ=ρ . V̇ =( 990.1 ) V̇ kg /m 3

surface area: A s=πDL=π ( 0.04 ) 7=0.880m2

−h A s
 T e =T s−( T s−T i ) . exp ( ṁC p )
( −953479 V̇ 0.8 ) . ( 0.880 )
70=100−( 100−20 ) .exp ( ( 990.1 V̇ ) . ( 4180 ) )
−0.203 −0.203
80. exp
( V̇ 0.2 )
=30∧exp
V̇ 0.2(=0.375
)
−0.203
0.2
=ln ( 0.375 ) ∧V̇ 0.2=0.207
V̇
−4 m3
volume flow rate : V̇ =3.80 x 10
s
 Thus ;

m
mean velocity :V m =0.302
s

mass flow rate: ṁ=0.376 kg /s

reynold number : ℜ=20094 whichis greater than 10,000.

Therefore , the flow isturbulent∧the entry length is roughly
Lh ≈ Lt ≈ 10 D ≈ 10 x 0.04=0.4 m which is much shorter than
the total length of the pipe .Therefore , we can assume
fully developed turbulent flow∈theentire pipe .