PAPERS

ENGLISH

" Reproductive Health In Adolescents"

SUPERVISOR :

Ns. Yelmi Reni Putri, S.Kep, MAN

IN FLAT BY: Group 21

Muhammad Ghufran (1714201063)

S1 STUDY PROGRAM AND EDUCATION NURSING

STIKes Fort De Kock BUKITTINGGI

2019/2020
 FOREWORD

Praise Allah SWT for the overflow of mercy and grace - we can complete his English
papers about (reproductive health in adolescents)
Sholawat and greetings may always devoted to the great lord of our Prophet
Muhammad who has shown us all the straight path in the form of a perfect Islamic religious
teachings.
This paper made to meet one of our English coursework like to thank all those who
have helped us in preparing this paper. we also hope that this paper can be useful for the
reader.
With all humility, constructive criticism and suggestions so we expect of the reader in
order to enhance and improve deed papers on other tasks and the time will come.

Bukittinggi, October 2019

composer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword......................................................................................................... i
Table of contents ........................................................................................... ii
Chapter I Introduction

A. Background.......................................................................................... 1

B. Formulation of the problem................................................................. 1

C. Purpose ............................................................................................... 1

Chapter II Discussion

A. Definition of Youth in the Context of Adolescent Reproductive 2

Health
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B. Adolescent Physical, Biological, Psychosocial Change ......................
C. Strategies to Improve Adolescent Health

Chapter III Closing

A. Conclusions .........................................................................................

B. Suggestions ..........................................................................................
References ......................................................................................................

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Adolescence is one period of human development. This period is a period of change

or transition from childhood to adulthood which includes biological changes, psychological
changes, and social change. In some societies and cultures adolescence generally begins at
the age of 10-13 years and ends at the age of 18-22 years. World Health Organization (WHO)
adolescents are individuals who are undergoing a period of transition that gradually reaches
sexual maturity, experiences a change of soul from a child's soul to an adult, and experiences
a change in economic conditions from dependency to relative independence.

Mohammad (1994) suggested that adolescents are children aged 13-25 years, where
the age of 13 years is the age limit of puberty in general, ie when biologically experienced
sexual maturity and age 25 years is the age when they are generally, socially and
psychologically able to be independent. Based on the description above there are two
important things concerning, the limits of adolescents, namely they are undergoing changes
from childhood to adulthood and these changes involve physical and psychological changes.

B. Problem Formulation

a. What is meant by youth in the concept of public health?

b. What are the factors that affect adolescent reproductive health?

c. What impact does it have on adolescents when having premarital sex?

d. What is the right solution to overcome adolescent reproductive health problems?

C. Purpose

1. General Purpose

Able to provide health education for the sake of maintaining the health degree of all
adolescents, both boys and girls.

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2. Special Purpose

a. Fulfill the task of making epidemiological teaching papers on reproductive health.

b. Identifying the concept of reproductive health and the factors that influence adolescent
health.

c. Discuss background on adolescent reproductive health

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Youth in the Context of Adolescent Reproductive Health

Teenagers are defined as a transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent age limits
vary according to the local socio-culture.

According to WHO (UN agency for world health) the age limit for adolescents is 12 to 24
years.

While in terms of service programs, the definition of adolescents used by the Ministry of
Health are those aged 10 to 19 years and not yet married. According to the BKKBN
(Directorate of Youth and Protection of Reproductive Rights) the age limit for adolescents is
10 to 21 years.

Reproductive Health (reproductive health) is a state of physical, mental and social

well-being that is intact in all matters relating to the functions, roles & systems of
reproduction (International Conference on Population and Development, 1994).

Broadly speaking, four groups of factors can have a negative impact on reproductive health,
namely:

1. Socio-economic and demographic factors (especially poverty, low levels of education, and
ignorance about sexual development and reproductive processes, as well as the location of
remote housing).

2. Cultural and environmental factors (for example, traditional practices that adversely affect
reproductive health, the beliefs of many children with a lot of luck, information about
reproductive functions that confuse children and adolescents because they conflict with one
another, etc.).

3. Psychological factors (impact on parental fractures in adolescents, depression due to

hormonal imbalances, a woman's worthlessness in men who purchase their material freedom,
etc.),

4. Biological factors (birth defects, defects in the reproductive tract after sexually transmitted
diseases, etc.).

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Coverage of reproductive health services:

a. Family Planning (KB) counseling and information

b. Pregnancy and childbirth services (including: safe abortion services, newborn / neonatal
services)

c. Treatment of reproductive tract infections (ISR) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),
including prevention of infertility

d. Counseling and adolescent reproductive health services (KRR)

e. Counseling, information and education (IEC) regarding reproductive health

Basic knowledge that needs to be given to adolescents so that they have good
reproductive health, include:

a. Introduction to the systems, processes and functions of reproductive organs (aspects of

adolescent growth and development)

b. why teenagers need to mature their marriage age and how to plan a pregnancy to suit their
desires and partners

c. Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV / AIDS and their impact on reproductive health
conditions

d. The dangers of drugs and alcohol on reproductive health

e. Social and media influence on sexual behavior

f. Sexual violence and how to avoid it

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B. Adolescent Physical, Biological, Psychosocial Change

Adolescent Growth.

Adolescence is distinguished in :

a. Early adolescence, 10-13 years.

b. Middle adolescence, 14-16 years.
c. Late adolescence, 17-19 years.

Physical Growth in Adolescent Girls:

a. Start menstruation.
b. Enlarged breasts and pelvis.
c. Enlarged ovaries.
d. Oily skin and hair and growing pimples.
e. Vaginal discharge.
f. Begin to grow hair in the armpits and around the vagina.
g. The body gets taller (arms and legs get longer)
h. Facial bones begin to elongate and enlarge, so they don't look like little kids
anymore.
i. Legs and arms get bigger
j. Perspiration increases
k. The ovaries begin to enlarge and function as a reproductive organ

Fisik Physical changes that occur in adolescent boys:

a. There was a change in sound to be large and heavy.

b. Growing hair around the armpits and genitals.
c. Grow a mustache.
d. Have a wet dream.
e. Growing Adam's apple.
f. Shoulders and breasts get bigger and broader.

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 Enlarged penis and testicles.

a. The body gains weight and height

b. Perspiration increases
c. Skin and hair begin to oily
d. Arms and legs get bigger
e. Facial bones begin to elongate and enlarge, so they don't look like little kids
anymore

C. Strategies to Improve Adolescent Health

1. Sex education

Sex education strategies in the past have focused on the anatomy of

reproductive physiology and counseling behavior that is typical of middle class
American family life. Recently sex education has begun to address the problems of
human sexuality faced by adolescents. For example, programs that now focus on
youth efforts to "say no". Opponents of the sex education program at school believe
that explicit discussions about sexuality increase sexual activity among teenagers and
reduce the role of parents. Supporters say there is no such discussion from parents and
their failure to provide their children with information that is clearly needed to
hamper efforts to prevent pregnancy in adolescents. The role of families, mosques,
churches, complex and controversial schools on sex education. Parents may not be
involved in child sex education for several reasons, such as:

a. Parents do not have inadequate information.

b. Parents do not feel comfortable with the topic of sex.
c. Teenagers do not feel comfortable when their parents discuss sex.

2. Important Functions of the Youth Health Promotion Program

a. Increase the acceptance of knowledge and skills for competent self-care and
inform health decision making.
b. Provide positive reinforcement for healthy behavior.
c. Influence of environmental and social structures to support health promotion
behaviors.
d. Facilitating growth and self-actualization.

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 BAB III

CLOSING

A. Conclusions

Adolescence is a period of time when individuals move from the child phase to the
adult phase (lowdermic and jensen, 2004). Adolescent development tasks consist of:
accepting body image, accepting sexual identity, developing a personal value system, making
preparations for independent living, becoming independent / free from parents, develop skills,
make decisions and develop the identity of an adult. Identity of adolescent health status
consists of: sexual identity, group identity, work identity, moral identity, and health identity.
During adolescence there are two aspects of change namely change physical and
psychological changes. Family, school, and neighbors are aspects that directly affect the lives
of adolescents. Many teenagers think that pregnancy will not occur in the first intercourse or
they feel that they will never be infected with HIV / AIDS because their body defenses are
strong enough.

B. Suggestion

The reader is expected to be able to understand the discussion of community nursing

about adolescent reproductive health

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Soekidjo, Notoatmodjo.(2007).Kesehatan masyarakat,edisi ke 11.Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.

Bobak,Lowdermik, jensen.(2004).”Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan,Edisi
4.EGC.Jakarta
Potter& perry.(2005).Buku Ajar Fundamental Keperawatan.Edisi 4.EGC.Jakarta