COLEGIO DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION

The School of the Archdiocese of Capiz

Roxas City

LEARNING PLAN IN SCIENCE 10

The relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake
Unit Topic:
epicenters, and mountain ranges
The relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake
Content Standard:
epicenters, and mountain ranges
Demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness during
Performance Standard:
earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions
Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes,
Learning Competencies: earthquake epicentres, and major mountain belts to plate
tectonics theory; S10ES –Ic-36.2
Students can be able to suggest ways by which he or she can
Transfer Goal: contribute to the government efforts in reducing damage due to
earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
How does being prepared in natural disaster help people
Essential question(s):
during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions
Students can understand preparedness in natural disaster
Enduring Understanding:
ensure safety of one’s life.
Awareness of the importance of preservation of the
environment, being prepared and following government plan of
Values Focus:
action in cases of emergency so as to become a steward of
God’s creation and a socially transformed individual.

In the past lesson, you have learned about an earthquake’s

epicenter which is the point on earth's surface vertically above the
Introduction hypocenter (focus), or the point on the crust where a seismic rupture begins.
It is also the point on Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter, the point
where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates.
Activities
Pre-test
Lets find out how much you already known about this
module. Determine whether each of the statement below is true
or false. Write T if the statement is true and F if false.
___________ 1. Mountains have sharp or slightly rounded
ridges
and peaks.
___________ 2. The mountain summit refers to the top of a
EXPLORE
mountain.
___________ 3. A dome mountain is the most common type of
mountain on Earth.
___________ 4. Fold mountains are formed from the rising
magma that pushed the overlying
rock layers upward.
___________ 5. Orogeny is created through the process of fold
mountains.
 Activity 1: Volcanoes and mountains differ in several ways. A
volcano is a type of a mountain, but it has magma, crater, and
lava. A mountain does not have these three things. Mountains
are peaceful areas whereas volcanoes are very much
dangerous and are not a good place to be at. Volcanoes can be
a part of a mountain range.

Mt. Apo in Davao City, Davao Del Sur

Guide Questions:
1. Explain: Can mountains become volcanoes?

Mountain is a large landform that rises above the

surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak
and it is steeper than a hill while a volcano is a rupture in the
crust of a planetary mass object such as Earth, that allows hot
lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma
chamber below the surface.
Have you ever wondered how a mountain is formed? A
mountain is formed due to various geological processes like the
movement and opposition of tectonic plates while a volcano is
FIRM UP
formed around a vent that allows magma to reach the surface of
the earth. It all has to do with plate tectonic activities.
Also, mountain belts form along tectonic active coastlines
and above subduction zones. Much of the sedimentary rocks
are marine in origin.
In addition, a mountain is a landform that stretches above
the surface of the Earth that can be steep like a peak or
probably not so steep. Volcanoes can be similar to mountains
but volcanoes have a certain pressure inside a magma
chamber that creates an orifice through which lava and hot
gases erupt into the atmosphere
Activity 1:
1. What do volcanoes and mountains have in common?
Explain your answer.
_________________________________________
Most of the world’s major mountain belts are located along
tectonic plate boundaries. Movements of tectonic plates create
volcanoes along the plate boundaries which erupt and form
mountains.
2. Are all mountains formed by volcanoes? Yes or No? Explain.
___________________________________________________
3. Complete the diagram below by writing the similarities and
differences between volcanoes and mountains.

VENN DIAGRAM

Some Mountains in the Philippines

Similarities
The Differences
Philippines is home to many mountains.
Below is a list of some of these mountains.

No. Name Island Province Elevation Prominenc Col

located located (m) e (m)
(m)
1 Mt. Apo Mindanao Davao del 2,956 2,956 0
Sur
2 Mt. Pulag Luzon Benguet/ 2,922 2,922 0
Ifugao
Nueva
Viscaya
3 Mt. Mindoro Oriental 2,582 2,582 0
Halcon Mindoro
4 Mt. Mindanao Compostel 2,670 2,580 90
Tagubud a Valley
5 Mt. Luzon Albay 2,462 2,447 15
Mayon

Previously, you have learned that most mountains are

formed from the Earth’s tectonic plates colliding together.
Below the ground, the Earth’s crust is made up of multiple
tectonic plates which have been moving around since the very
beginning. The result of the collision of tectonic plates is the
pushing of huge slabs of rocks towards the surface.

Mountain Ranges
A mountain
range or a hill range
is a series of
mountains or hills
 arranged in a line and is connected by high ground. It is formed
by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant
changes on the Earth are the results of plate tectonic activities

Diwata Mountain Range Davao Region

Formation of Mountain Ranges

Mountains Ranges form when two continental plates collide.
Since both plates have a similar thickness and weight, neither
one will sink under the other. Instead, they crumple and fold
until the rocks are forced up to form a mountain range. As
the plates continue to collide, mountains will get taller and
taller.

Geologists have proven that mountains are formed from

the Earth’s tectonic plates smashing together. The word
mountain actually came from an Old French word, Montaigne,
which was based on the Latin word mons, meaning
mont-‘mountain’.
Major Mountain Ranges of the World

1. The Rocky Mountains

 Rocky Mountain range forms a part of the American

Cordillera.

2. The Himalayas

 The Himalayan range is home to the planet’s highest

peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest.

 The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain

ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted
sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
 According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, their
 formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny
along the convergent boundary between the Indo-
Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.

3. The Alps
 The mountains were formed as the African and Eurasian
tectonic plates collided.
 Extreme folding caused by the event resulted in marine
sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high
mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc (4,810 m) (French–
Italian border).

4. The Andes

 The Andes is the longest continental mountain range in

the world.
 The Andes is the world’s highest mountain range outside
of Asia with an average height of 4000 m.
 The highest peak is Mount Aconcagua (6,962
m) (volcanic origin, but now it’s dormant).
 World’s highest volcanoes are in the Andes.
 Ojos del Salado (6,893 m) (active volcano) on
the Chile-Argentina border is the highest volcano on
earth.

5. The Great Dividing Range

 The Great Dividing Range, or the Eastern Highlands, is

Australia’s most substantial mountain.
 It is also known as the Australian Alps and was formed
due to rifting.

6. Atlas Mountains

 Mountain range across the north-western stretch of

Africa extending about 2,500 km (1,600 mi)

through Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia.

 The highest peak is Toubkal (4,165 metres) in south

western Morocco.
  These mountains were formed when Africa and
Europe collided.

Some Benefits of Mountains

 Provide freshwater needs of more than half of humanity.
 Support the 22% of the populations who live within
mountains.
 Supports environmental, economic, and cultural sectors.
 Hosts some of the world’s most complex agro-cultural
gene pool.
 Source of valuable minerals.
 Encompass some of the most spectacular landscapes.
 They are important for biological diversity.
 Are often rich in endemic species.
 Perfect place for recreation and spiritual renewal.
 Source of water, energy and timber.

Activity 3:
Instruction: Answer the following questions briefly and
concisely.

1. Why does the Philippines have numerous mountains?

DEEPEN
Instruction:
Do as directed in each of the succeeding statements below.
2. Create a song of at least three (3) stanzas using the list
of mountains in the Philippines as your lyrics.
3. Give at least three (3) importance or significance of
mountains to the people.

TRANSFER Activity 4:
Instruction: Answer the questions briefly and concisely.

1. Can you consider a mountain as a natural resource? Why?

Nowadays, it is not surprising to see that there is an

evident decrease in the number of trees in the forests. These
trees are supposed to be the source of oxygen, and energy in
the environment. This situation can be avoided or minimized if
everyone will cooperate to protect and conserve our natural
resources.
 Instruction: Make some policies or rules on how to protect and
conserve the natural resources found in the mountains. Create
a list of at least ten (10) policies or rules.

Policies or rules on how to protect and conserve the

natural resource

Prepared by: Noted by:

SARAH H. FRANCISCO, LPT ROY M. CATIMBANG, LPT

Subject Teacher Subject Area Coordinator

Approved:

CYNTHIA A. ORAA, MAT

JHS - Asst. Principal