Chapter review 5

 1 −3  4 1 9
1 A=  and AB =  
2 1  1 9 4
det A = 1 × 1 – 2 × –3
=7
1  1 3
A −1 =  
7  −2 1 
B = A −1AB
1  1 3  4 1 9 
=   
7  −2 1  1 9 4 
1  7 28 21 
=  
7  −7 7 −14 
1 4 3
= 
 −1 1 −2 

a b
2 a A= 
 2a 3b 
det A = 3ab – 2ab
= ab
1  3b −b 
A −1 =  
ab  −2a a 
 3 1
 a − 
a
= 
− 2 1 
 
 b b 

 a 2b 
b XA= Y=  
 2a b 
X = XAA −1
 3 1
− 
 a 2b   a a
=  
 2a b   − 2 1 
 
 b b 
 −1 1 
= 
 4 −1

 k −2 
3 a A= 
 −4 k 
det A = k2 − 8
If the matrix has an inverse then det A ≠ 0 ⇒ k2 − 8 ≠ 0 ⇒ k ≠ ±2 2

1 k 2
b A −1 =  
k −84 k 
2

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
  2 −m 
4 a M = 
 m −1 
det M = −2 + m2
If M is singular then det A = 0 ⇒ m2 − 2 = 0 ⇒ m = ± 2
1  −1 m 
b M −1 = 2  
m − 2  −m 2 

5 a Given AB = BA
and ABA = B
⇒ A( AB) = B
⇒ A2B =
B
⇒ A 2 BB −1 =
BB −1
⇒ A2 =
I

 0 1  a b  c d
=AB =    
 1 0  c d  a b
 a b  0 1   b a
=BA =    
 c d  1 0  d c
AB= BA ⇒ b= c
d =a
i.e. a d=
= and b c
4 p
6 a det A = = 4 × (−2) − p × (−2)
−2 −2
=−8 + 2 p ≠ 0 for inverse to exist.
Hence − 8 + 2 p ⇒ p ≠ 4
1  −2 − p 
A −1 =  
2p −8 2 4 
 −p 
1  −1
= 2 
p − 4  
1 2 

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
2
 6 b
 1 p 
 −
 4 p p − 4 2p −8
A += A −1   +  
 −2 −2   1 2 
 p−4 p − 4 

 4 p − 17 2 p 2 − 9 p 
   9
p−4 2p −8   5
= =  2
 9− 2p 10 − 2 p   
   −3 −4 
 p−4 p−4 
Compare a corresponding element to find p
4 p − 17
=5
p−4
4 p − 17 = 5( p − 4)
4 p − 17 = 5 p − 20
5p − 4p = −17 + 20
p=3

k −3
7 a det M = = k × (k + 3) − (−3) × 4
4 k +3
= k 2 + 3k + 12
b Complete the square
 9 9
k 2 + 3k + 12 =  k 2 + 3k +  + 12 −
 4 4
2
 3
= k +  + 9.75 ≥ 9.75 for all k
 2
Hence, M is non-singular

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
3
7 c
10M −1 + M =
I
1 k + 3 3
M −1 =  
k + 3k + 12  −4 k 
2

10 k + 3 3
10M −1 = 2  
k + 3k + 12  −4 k 
10  k + 3 3   k −3 
10M −1 + M
=  + 
k + 3k + 12  −4 k   4 k + 3 
2

30
Top right element is 2 −3
k + 3k + 12
Compare with top right element of I
30
2
−3= 0
k + 3k + 12
30
2
=3
k + 3k + 12
3 ( k 2 + 3k + 12 ) =30
3k 2 + 9k + 6 =0
( 3k + 6 ) (k + 1) =
0
k = −2 inadmissible, does not give I
k = −1

2 3 
8 a M = 
 k −1
det M = −2 − 3k
2
If the matrix has an inverse then det M ≠ 0 ⇒ −2 − 3k ≠ 0 ⇒ k ≠ −
3
2 2
Therefore M has an inverse when k < − or k > −
3 3

1  −1 −3 
b M −1 = −  
3k + 2  − k 2 

a 2
9a det A = = a × 2a − 2 × 3
3 2a
= 2a 2 − 6
1  2a −2 
A −1 =  
2a − 6  −3 a 
2

b 2a 2 − 6
2a 2 = 6
a2 = 3
a= 3, a = − 3

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
4
Challenge
a b e f 
Let A =   and B =  
c d g h
det A = ad − bc and det B = eh − fg
det A det B = (ad − bc)(eh − fg)
= adeh – adfg – bceh + bcfg
 ae + bg af + bh 
AB =  
 ce + dg cf + dh 
det AB = (ae + bg) (cf + dh) − (ce + dg) (af + bh)
= acef + adeh + bcfg + bdgh – acef – bceh – adfg – bdgh
= adeh + bcfg– bceh – adfg
= det A det B

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
5