Factored Load Combinations – ACI 318

(9-1) 1.4 D + 1.4 F

(9-2) 1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6 (L + H) + 0.5 (Lr or S or R)
(9-3) 1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or S or R) + (1.0 L or 0.8 W)
(9-4) 1.2 D + 1.6 W + 0.5 L + 1.0 (Lr or S or R)
(9-5) 1.2 D + 1.0 E + 1.0 L + 0.2 S
(9-6) 0.9 D + 1.6 W + 1.6 H
(9-7) 0.9 D + 1.0 E + 1.6 H

D dead load
E earthquake load
F fluid loads (defined level)
H weight and lateral pressure of soil and water in soil
L live load
Lrroof live load
R rain load
S snow load
self-straining forces: contraction or expansion due to temperature changes, shrinkage, moisture
T
changes, creep or differential settlements
W Wind load

ACI Strength Reduction Factors

Flexure without axial load
Tension controlled section 0.90
Compression controlled section
Members with spiral reinforcement 0.70
Other members 0.65
Shear and Torsion 0.75
Earthquake-resistant structures
Shear 0.60
In Joist or coupling beams 0.85
Bearing on concrete 0.65
Bearing at post-tensioned anchorages 0.85
Bearing for strut and tie models 0.75
Development length 1.00
Working stress design 1.00
ACI Concrete Allowable Stresses
Stresses immediately after prestress transfer
(a) Extreme fiber stress in compression
(b) Extreme fiber stress in tension (general)

(c) Extreme fiber stress in tension (ends of simply-supported members)

Stresses at service loads
(a) Extreme fiber stress in compression due to prestress plus sustained load
(b) Extreme fiber stress in compression due to prestress plus total load
(c) Extreme fiber stress in tension in precompressed tensile zone
Extreme fiber stress in tension in precompressed tensile zone where analysis based on
(d) transformed cracked sections and on bilinear moment-deflection relationships shows
that immediate and long-term deflections comply with requirements

ACI Prestressing Steel Allowable Stresses

1 Due to jacking

2 Immediately after transfer

3 Post-tensioning tendons at anchorages and couplers immediately after tendon anchorage