3.

Netwo1·k n1ethodologies
Network methodologies i11tegrate tl1e impact
causes and oonsequences through identification
of inte11elationships between casual actions and
the impacted environmental factors, including
those representi11g secondary a11d tertiary effects.
Several 'sequence diagrams' can illustrate the
methodology.
 p,oggjble Aduats• Col'fective Aetltffl 1
Contml
ln1pacts t.fechanlsms

Initial canseq;ue nt Ele as

Can dtf100 Con d tion !

Increased F loodl ng lHJ Gullying and Plat e intermittent

surf ace ErDSlon (Kt flo _. e, beds
runolf (E)

Fcllutlon of Degradation Hea llh surTdl ng COd,e

Ground or Wat er Hazard (LJ
~'Va1er (F) Supply 11)
I
Death of Plant Shrubs Pia nt Shrubs
Re1mov,al of mec reas ed
liopseH (GI
1
Fenlllty (JJ Flora (M) r~•
Acti 0n
1
m pac ts
l1 Branc,hes

A ~ (F) - (I) ·(L) 1

I

B ; ('E) - (Hl' , K) 2
/
c.y::_r, ,- - ~

DL ' ....
11 ....... . , , . .

~ (G) • (J) (M) 3

 r
Impact Score
(1-1 o lntarval Stal~)
l:s .
lmpatrs ~~,agnlWda Importance Probe'bllHy al·OtJcu ra nc,a
I
E 5 3 B • Eco.En C - E(Oi.7J
l I
F 2 5 A7 F t.5J
I
[3 3 ·--
4 C j G[.3) IC Gt4)

H ~ 5 E ~ Hl(.7J
I IL
I 2 91 F i 1(.6)
J
-
? 5 G : J{.8}

K
I!
I
3 7 H • K (~7}
l
L 2 10 I ► L (.91)
~, 1 6
IJ • M (,8 )
~

I
Branch 1 (2)(5)(.5)+(2)(9 )(.6)+(2)(10)(.9)=33.8
1

Branch 2 (5)(3}(.8)+(5)(3)(.7)+(4)(5)(.7)+(3)(7)(.7)=51.20
Brach 3 1(3 )(4)( .3)+(3)(4)(.4)+(2)(5)( .8)+(1)(6)(.8)=21 .2
Grand Network Index 33.8+51.2+21 .2= ·106.2
• Network is an a]ternarive for illustrating the
secondary and subsequent effects of action on
environ1nental el em ents is to constru.c t a nemrork
1 1 1

tracing s11ch effects .

• The advantage of a network approach is that it
p ennits clear tracing 0 f~ high,-.oJidir eflCcts of initia.l
11 1 1

a~'lions;I_ ind ee,d mitigation :a11d control measures can

1

a.lso be ·ill. tL'itr;ated"'

1

~ One prob]em _encountered in applying the network

1s that many hig__her:-order effects can be postulated
that are actually unlikely to occur.
1
• O,"F er]ay method
1

The overlay approach involves the use of a series of

transparencies to identify, predict, assign. relative
signifi c:a n ce to
1 1
, an d co1nrnunicate i1npacts. in ,a
1
1

geographical reference frame larger in scale than a

localized action would require.
The approach has been employed for selecting
highway corridors, for evaluating development
options in c;io astal areas, and in numerous other
1
1

applications.
WA TEU Hl! OS

sou.s

.,,1t t1A L
LOA CIN C

ACIAI
iPOI I.L
POT E
• The over·Ia.y 111ethod is based 0 .LrJ a set of tr1
1 1
aosp arent DlB:P 5,
1

each 0 f whicl1 represeats the spatiol ,lariaJtion of ,rn

1 1

environ1ne.ntal para1neter (e'~,g1,,,~I si1sccpti'bility to erosio n or

1 1

recreational ~lalu e)~

1

• The maps are shaded tu sh10\\' three d.eg1e,es

1
or·
1
pardn1eter
co.1npatibilit:,r ,,,ith tbe propoised project.
1

• A c·o,111posite picturie of tbe overall social cost of affecting

1

a,ny. particular area is app1roxima1ed by superimpos·i1ng all

tlle transpm~e11t n1aps~
• Any nurnb·er of project altemati,res ca·n be loca.ted 0 n the
1 1

final map to investigate the degree of associated impacts.

The ,,al1dity of the ana.Jysis is reln.te1d ·t o the type and
1

numbe·r 101· paEameters chos,en.

• The overlay approach can accommodate both
qualitative and quantitative data.
• The weakness of the overlay approach is that it is
only moderately co1nprebensive, because there is
no mechanism that requires consideration of all
potential impacts.
• Also, the approach is selective because there is a
limit to the nmnber of transparencies that can be
viewed together.
• Finany, extreme impacts with s1nall probabilities
of oocu.rrenc e ar,e not c·onsidered.
1 1 1
Selection of e,nv'ironmentlal fa 1:tor:s:
1 1

The sel,e1ction of initial list of environmental factors

1

of potential relevance to a proposed project depends

up1on '
-

I . Pertlllent agency guidelines or regulations

2. Professional knowledge regarding the
anticipated impacts of slluitlar p rojects.
3. Review of other recent EIAs on similar projects
.in, thie same larea, a,nd
1

4. List of factors in EIA methodologies

,oTINnAL INV NTAL -...u:;TI RIIUI.TIM A1011 CONITRUCTIOII _ TICD
conea,uc11on phaN eon,1rue1..,., pr1e1a Potenllli MWW""•IIMII
r.,>
~ '91\lDf't St\Of1.llrffla,drwmtrlli
\i lhwt.ar tra!ia Dull ~ 11\d .,. ~
Te- t g,15 l•root~ry ..,_,
En nllJ mori&tor1~ ~ d prGP1f1Y done

~·-
•IIIIPOllrvtantttlh

Eros,on and uomorit

Veqetawe.
Sllon-tlnl\lndnorninal
VlgllDDil water quaMty
v....-, Wlllt QUlll1
ftlll2tflfllual

OuSt ~ .. ~~

Cttanno am ~ Shon-ttnn
SdB work D1tt1U1 tn tt11 1111 d ~ ne mt,,.
ClHM9 Ind gtound mwrs t11ppng at ICJl)SOI
WICfllllll lOII WOIICl1 ~ nl
IUlffll---nMOft: ~ 511'1111\...,
ilfflP"&IIL~clllzliM.,..
and~--c,MJ
lnc11111d OUII ,_. did dlilll
l)tmoihon
Tll1J,XdfY 'fKM •
Sh)pland"°'IUIINOI
lnCf9dld lUltlol .....
_...9IINI
~'°--
....-.-lltd!V\lwa• nftllt.~
l pl'l'ldUl;IIau,4tl:I .... ~ IO . . .
_..,,,,iQldl and pellunQiOII lfalmM?lllld_...,f\ld,
a 111•
-----------~-.-~v-rr□ ~ ntn:Hrrtl;-
.S1r1tfrr.'~.. Wat or quality. u'llCf'I ~ie!I ~1g
Oar,,~ and •ttoourtdmeill!;
01e1Jg:11u. Eh :2i1efu1€ eros, or-,
8 rBak"tVatBJo jetl1 C'~, BIC.
C.rQJ,fatJor1t11tlems in !h!i \~,a~~V
Fuel-htnflling equlprr1err1
S;1il..:1ge~ ~1ro. an<~ ',hS"•.car lmp;;c1~
O,l•S'lora~ e 1a:nk.6. tcnlJoL't, arid Pif.lng Vt.~.!:fJJ 1mpscts
Cick7we}tng s~slei1U {cranEs, hoists, Vrswr ITTlpat"t$
chutes)
Vhts~ Ir '':i e~;;;mt1n,
( ntinemlors1 '.\"OC!d .;,11ppce11-i tmr..-ti
e" mm1r:1 offi}
S0 ~~.. lcnefng ltlng-term
.i\~cesA roert fn;rrui~ runarr
Fe~: ng B.1ms1& to ;mfmel 'Mi.:;~I!
Pmptcl clos11c.u11 Rem0'1a, cl !empora,v aft ~ 1-111(1 rt\ops. Snon t&llffl
o.,moUt1on "4o&:. stir..J We.${~ d iJ9t
~IOGatlon StQIYl~ ror tunafl, t'fHn t. lHo-:kJ ,g~. 1£tJ1I
lOillflil Clmr,
9,i·p ,~-i!OfiJUOn 5il :r.-1:Jfffl
f 111&~ UJlidlnJ S~•r, ,~r, dusr .. :U C"1lmps::icllQfl
Erns ~r1, s:oct mErn
To~ui.l111g
Nul.ri:3frf llrtd "Watt?r 1qtaaij1y
Fe1111m ~
V~oiu~~
Sf1Jlfffial'"d -r,~atrotJIJ ,:;:r. 1)11 •ltHffl
Pref! r, nnr\' ~fl up
~'Oror Ql,J [tj1• Bl!~ pf'tt:!oi~'1a:1~. anti rnhtr
C~Jntll~ nutrle.11rs
FiJ151llf11j
Selection proces,s
Selecting environmental factors from an initial
list could involve,
• Silte visits
• Interdisciplinary team discussion
• Scoping
• The application of criteria questions, and
• Professional judgement