Title : How Climate Change Could Make Our Food Less Nutritious

By : Kristen Ebi

Section 1 : Food and carbon dioxide

 (FOOD PIRAMIDA) (slide 4)
Today topic about related aspect on how emissions of greenhouse gases is reducing the
nutritional quality of food. We all know that this is a food pyramid. From this picture, shown
that we all need to eat a balanced diet. That’s why we need to make sure what food that we
eat.

 (slide 5 )
Why we need food ? (it is a basic question that always ask, everytime when we talk about
food nutritious.)
1. We need To get proteins
2. We need To get mikronutrein wich will explain in the next part.
3. We need to get vitamins.
4. We need for our cultures (foods are important for our diet but they are also important
for our cultures, and we eat not just because we need, we also eat for enjoyment).

 Slide 6
(GRAFIK CARBON DIOKSIDA)
Here’s a carbon dioxide graph
Carbon dioxide is Increasing from about 280 parts per million over to over until 410 today.
Carbon dioxed has been increasing since the start of the Industrial revolution, and its wil be
continues to increase

 (Slide 7)
The Importance of Carbon Dioxide:
a. Carbon Dioxide is Plant food (The carbon that plats need to grow, comes from this
carbon dioxide, They bring it into the plant, they break it apart into carbon it self, and
the plant will use it to grow.)
b. Rising carbon dioxide concentrations for food security. (that can making sure that
people will get enough to eat every day. 820 million people in the world don’t get
enough to eat every day, so there’s a fair amount written about how higher carbon
dioxide is going to help with our food security problem)
c. (related to the second point, it will) achieve the sustainable development goals,
particulary the goal number 2, there are reducing the food insecurity, increasing
nutrition, and increasing access to the foods that we need for everyone.
The carbon dioxides disadvantages:
increasing synthesis of carbohydrates (e.g starches and sugars)
Decreasing concentrations of protein, vitamins, and minerals.
(Carbon dioxide beside can make plant grow, has other consequences as well)
(When plant have higher carbon dioxide, it increasing synthesis of carbohydrates, starches and
sugars and in the same time will decrease the concentrations of protein and critical nutrients.
So it is very important for how we think about food security going forward.)
2. The climate change on food security and nutrition issues.
 (How ) The Climate Change Affecting Agricultural productivity: (slide 8)
-. The earth was warmed about one degree centigrade since preindustrial times.
-. (That is) Changing local temperature and precipitation patterns (that has consequences
for the agricultural productivity). (and its not just local changes in temperature and
precipition, it’s extremes)
-. Its cause Extremes in terms of heat waves, floods, and droughts (wich are obviously
affecting agriculture productivity)

 How carbon dioxide affecting food nutrition ? (slide 9)

(When we think about Micronutrients, almost all of them are affected by higher co2
concentrations.)(Two in particular are iron and zinc.)
(this is the) IRON AND ZINC DEFICIENCIES
FE (IRON) : a. Fatigue d. Heart failure
b. Shortness of breath e. Development delay
c. Chest pain
(When we don’t have enough iron we can develop iron deficiency anemia, its associated with
fartigue, shortnes of breath, chest pain, heart failure, and developmental delays.)
Zn (Zinc) : a. Loss of sense of smell d. Loss of appetite
b. Impaired wound healing e. Danger to growth and development.
c. Impaired immune function
(When we don’t have enough zinc, we can have loss of sense of smell, impaired wound healing,
impaired immune function, loss of appetite and danger to growth and development)
(It’s a significant problem around the world, there are one billion people who are zinc deficient.
Which is its very important for maternal and child health. And it can affects development.)
B Vitamins: (slide 10)
Nervous system regulation, turning food into energy, fighting infections.
(The b vitamins are critical for a whole range of reasons, they help convert our food into energy,
they re important for many of the physiologic activities in our bodies.)
(And when we have) high carbon in plants, (we have) less nitrogen, (and we have) less b
vitamins.
(From that we know that climate change can rasing co2 consentration, that good for plant to
grow, but there are also very serious potential consequences for our health as co2 continous to
rise. in fact raising co2 not only affecting human health, its affecting every consumer of plant.)
3. The Impact of climate change on health and food nutrition later in the century and the
solution.
How do we know that we are facing serious problem?
Kristie ebi and team have done do the resources, (they looked at ) 18 rice lines in china and in
japan, and grew them under conditions that you would expect later in the century.

(GRAPH) This is the average Decline Graph that Kristie ebi and team made.
the white bar is today’s conditions. The red bar is conditions later in the century.
( from the grph we can know that Proteins declines about 10 percent, iron about eight percent,
zinc about five percent.Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 theres about 17 percent decline,
panthothenic acid and vitamin B5 is about 13 percent decline, and folate is about 30 percent
decline.)
(These doesn’t sound like really big changes, but when you start thinking about the poor in
every country, who primiarily eat starch, that this will put people who are on the edge over the
edge into frank deficiencies, creating all kinds of health problems. )

(Pictures) Modeling Work by Chris Weyant

(This is a Modeling Work that was done by Chris Weyant and team. Taking a look at this chain
from higher co2 to lower iron and zinc, their focus are iron and zinc and various health
outcomes like malaria, diarrheal diasease, pneumonia, iron deficiency anemia and looked at
What the consequences could be in 2050.)

(From the pictures, shown that) the darker the color, the larger the consequences.The major
impacts is in Asia and Africa. Eourope and US could be affected too
(They estimated about) 125 million people could be affected.

The solutions :
a. (The most effective interventions is) reducing our greenhouse gases.
b. Advancements in technologies
c. Plant breeding
d. Biofortification
(These experiments and these modeling studies, did not take all climate change it self into
account. They just focused on the carbon dioxide component. So when these two put into
together, its expected the impact is much larger. So, the changese are really needed to our
health in the future, the health of our children, and the health of our grandchildren.
This investment changes will take time to sort all of these issues out. We need this
investment critically so that we do know where we re going)
conclusion

What we can do in the meantime ?

1. Ensure that all people have access to a complete diet (not just those in the wealthy part
of the world, but everyone in everyhere in the world.)
2. ( We also) individualy and collectively need to reduce our green house gas emission, to
reduce the challenges that will come later in the century.

If You think education is expensive, try ignorance. Lets Not. Lets Invest in ourselves, in our
children, and in our planet.