Badminton Module in PE 103

MODULE IN PE 103
Recreational Activities
HELEN M. ESPARTERO, EdD

Compiler/Editor
August 2020
Foreword
Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 1

The Individual and Dual Sports course provides a background in the following
sports fields: Badminton, Lawn tennis, Table Tennis, Darts, Physical Fitness, and
Bowling.
This module focuses only on the badminton as individual sports, composed of

seven chapters. It introduces Shuttle Time and the suitability of badminton in schools.
This describes the overall program and gives a background to badminton, the sport.
It also assists in focusing on badminton sports situation at school and other venues.
The simplified rules of badminton are included in this package.

Through this module, the students are exposed to a variety of activities
appropriate for lifetime involvement. This allows the students to improve their basic
skills and be introduced to advanced skills in individual and dual skills while providing
them with the knowledge of rules and strategies related to the activities. This module
includes different exercises for the students to answer. They are also required to do
some return demonstrations via video clips. Collaborative skill is important in

developing social skills and building friendships. Each student is required to dress out
for daily participation. Proper gym clothes are required.

Most researchers agree that playing is fun. It involves active engagement and
often incorporates make-believe tasks with proper guidance, the students will find
the experiences joyful and also on self-directed free-play aspects. Coaches and or the
instructors ensure that the students are progressing toward a specific learning goal.
Whatever type of sports students engaged they will learn important skills from their
coaches and instructors in order to succeed in today’s global society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: NATURE, TERMS AND HISTORY OF BADMINTON Page
Lesson 1: Nature and history of badminton 1

Nature of the game 1
Summary 4
Lesson 2: Badminton terms 5
Definition of terms 5
Summary 8
CHAPTER II: FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY ETIQUETTE 10

Lesson 1: Facilities and Equipment 10
Equipment in playing badminton 10

Safety and safety etiquette 16
Safety precautions while playing the game 16

Safety precaution on the equipment 16
Summary 17
CHAPTER III: RULES AND REGUATIONS OF BADMINTON
Lesson 1: The laws of badminton 19

Court and court equipment 19
Shuttle 20
Testing a shuttle for speed 21
Racket 22
Equipment compliance 22
Toss 23
Scoring System 23
Change of ends 23
Singles 25
Doubles 25
Service court errors 26
Faults 26
Lets 28
Shuttle not in play 28

Continuous play, misconduct and penalties 28

Officials and appeals 30
Summary 31
CHAPTER IV: METTHODS OF TRAINING

Lesson 1: Principles of Training 33
General principles of fitness training 33

Some tips one can do in a shadow badminton 37
Training techniques for badminton 38

Warm up and warm down 39
Samples of on-court fitness training types 40

Samples of off-court types of fitness training 41
Development of specific fitness components 46

Summary 49
CHAPTER V: ROLES OF THE OFFICIATING OFFICIALS

Lesson 1: Officiating Officials 55
Role of the referee 53

Badminton umpires authority 54
Role of the line judge 55

Summary 56
Lesson 2: Signs and Signals in Officiating 59

Summary 61
CHPTER VI: BASIC SKILLS IN PLAYING
Lesson 1: Basic Skills in Playing Badminton 63
Five basic skills every beginner needs to learn 63

Incorrect grip 68
Different types of steps 70

Summary 73
CHAPTER VII: MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS

Lesson 1: Theories of Sports Management 76
What is sports management 77

Starting out in sports management 77
Examples of sport managers 79

Summary 82
CHAPTER 1

Nature, Terms and History of Badminton
This chapter will discuss the different badminton terminologies, its nature and
the history. The terminologies will help the students to easily understand as they
scribble the next topics and will provide them with great understanding on the nature
of the game and how badminton was discovered and adopted by the different
countries all throughout the world.
Objectives: At the end of this chapter the students are expected to:
a. Discuss the historical background, meaning of terms in Badminton

b. Unlock the difficulties by understanding the badminton terms.
LESSON 1: Nature and history of the game
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across

a net. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to the balls in other racquet
sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature. With this,
the lesson will provide the students a clear idea about the nature and history of the
game,
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to;
a. Explain the nature of playing badminton.
What to
b. Describe how badminton was adopted in the
Expect?
olympic games.
c. Participate in the class discussion.
Nature of the Game

Nature of the Game Badminton is played as a singles or doubles game with
one or two players on a side. The object of the game is to hit the shuttlecock or “bird”
back and forth with a racket across a net five feet high at its center. The bird should
be hit with such speed and accuracy that the opponent is unable to return the shot
successfully. The game can either be fast or slow paced, depending on the skill level
of the players.
History of Badminton

Badminton is a game played either in singles or having one (1) player or in
doubles having two (2) players in a team using lightweight rackets and a shuttlecock.
Although the exact origins of badminton are unclear, games based on a

shuttlecock and a battledore were played in China, Japan, India, Siam and Greece
over 2000 years ago. Between 1856 and 1859 a game known as ‘battledore and
shuttlecock’ started to evolve into the modern game of badminton at “Badminton
House”, the Duke of Beaufort’s country estate in England. Similar games were played
in Poona India around this time and a badminton code of conduct was drawn up in
1877. The aim of battledore and shuttlecock played at “Badminton House” was to
keep the shuttlecock in the air for as long as possible by hitting the shuttle between
two or more people. The reverse is true today. The aim now is to finish a rally as
quickly as possible by scoring winning points against your opponent. In 1893, the
Badminton Association of England was formed to administer badminton

internationally from England.
Basic regulations for the sport were formed in 1887, but it was not until 1893
that the first set of rules were published in England. The International Badminton
Federation (IBF) was established in 1934 and consisted of nine founding members –
badminton associations from Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland,
Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. In 2006 the IBF changed its name to
the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF is the world governing body for the
sport of badminton, recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). BWF
has more than 170 members. BWF’s members are, with a few exceptions, the national
governing bodies for badminton. These are organised into five confederations under
the IOC system, with each Continental Confederation representing one of the five
Olympic rings – Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania and Pan America.

Historically, the shuttlecock (also known as a “bird” or “birdie”) was a
small cork hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17

ounce (5 grams). These types of shuttles may still be used in modern play, but
shuttles made from synthetic materials are also allowed by the Badminton World

Federation.
The game is named for Badminton, the country estate of the dukes of

Beaufort in Gloucestershire, England, where it was first played about 1873. The roots

of the sport can be traced to ancient Greece, China, and India, and it is closely related
to the old children’s game battledore and shuttlecock. Badminton is derived directly
from poona, which was played by British army officers stationed in India in the 1860s.
The first unofficial all-England badminton championships for men were held in 1899,
and the first badminton tournament for women was arranged the next year.
The Badminton World Federation (BWF; originally the International Badminton
Federation), the world governing body of the sport, was formed in 1934. Badminton
is also popular in Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, and Denmark. The BWF’s first world
championships were held in 1977. A number of regional, national, and zonal

badminton tournaments are held in several countries. The best-known of these is
the All-England Championships. Other well-known international tournaments include

the Thomas Cup (donated 1939) for men’s team competition and the Uber
Cup (donated 1956) for women’s team competition.

Badminton first appeared in the Olympic Games as a demonstration sport in
1972 and as an exhibition sport in 1988. At the 1992 Games it became a full-medal
Olympic sport, with competition for men’s and women’s singles (one against one)
and doubles (two against two). Mixed doubles was introduced at the 1996 Games.
Competitive badminton is usually played indoors because even light winds
affect the course of the shuttlecock. (Recreational badminton, on the other hand, is a
popular outdoor summertime activity.) The rectangular court is 44 feet (13.4 metres)
long and 17 feet (5.2 metres) wide for singles, 20 feet (6.1 metres) wide for doubles.
A net 5 feet (1.5 metres) high stretches across the width of the court at its centre. A
clear space of 4 feet (1.3 metres) around the court is needed. Play consists entirely of
volleying—hitting the shuttlecock back and forth across the net without letting it
touch the floor or ground within the boundaries of the court.

In international play, athletes compete in best-of-three-games matches. A
game is played to 21 points, provided that the winner has at least a 2-point
advantage. If a 2-point advantage is never reached, the first player or team to score
30 points wins. Points were only awarded to the serving side until 2006, when the
BWF adopted the “rally scoring” system, under which either side can score at any
time.

Summary:
In playing, it is vital to understand its nature. This provides an avenue on how
to give out your best as player. Choosing the right kind of game to participate with
will draw the right and expected output we have in ourselves.
Exercise No. 1
TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
wrong.
___________1. Badminton can be played in either singles or doubles.

___________2. The object of playing badminton is to cross the racket from one court to
another.
___________3. The height of the net used in playing badminton matters in age bracket.
___________4. In scoring badminton, it follows the right and even scheme.

___________5. In singles, it needs at least one player.
___________6. It needs 21 points in order to win a game.

___________7. If the score is 20-20 it requires having a deuce.
___________8. Scoring begins in a LOVE set.

___________9. In amateur games, it is commonly a two out of three games.
___________10. Rally is system is applied in badminton.
REFERENCES:
Please Visit
Retrieved at https://www.slideshare.net/princynavya/badminton-pd, June 20, 2017
Britanica Dictionary, 3rd Edition,

Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton: July 3, 2020
https://www.topendsports.com/sport/badminton/terms.htm
LESSON 2: Badminton Terms
Definition of terminology plays an important role in the understanding of

contexts and specialized texts. Understanding the intricate terminological details of

the technical and scientific contexts helps students comprehend what the main
message of the document is, and it helps specialists to transmit the content more
effectively.
1. Familiarize the badminton terminologies and

What to Expect?
their meaning.
2. Use and apply the correct terms while playing and

engaging in any related badminton activities.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
 Alley - Extension of the court by l 1/2 feet on both sides for doubles play.
 Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for
doubles.
 Backcourt - Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
 Balk - Any deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent before or
during the service; often called a "feint."

 Baseline - Back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net.
 Carry - An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is
caught and held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a
stroke.
 Center or Base Position - Location in the center of the court to which a singles
player tries to return after each shot.
 Center Line - Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right
service courts.
 Clear - A shot hit deep to the opponent’s back boundary line. The high clear is
a defensive shot, while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively.

 Court - Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
 Drive - A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
 Drop - A shot hit shortly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net
on the opponent’s side.

 Fault - A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during
play (sees common faults listed below).

 Flick - A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by
changing an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on
the serve and at the net.

 Forecourt - Front third of the court, between the net and the short service
line.
 Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the
shuttle rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other
side. The shuttle’s flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.
 Half court Shot - A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles
against the up-and-back formation.
 Kill - Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "put away." Let - A
legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed. Long
 Service Line - In singles, the back boundary line.1n doubles a line 2 l/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.
 Match - A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-’93 it is three out of five),
to determine a winner. Midcourt - The middle third of the court, halfway
between the net and the back boundary line.

 Net Shot - Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops
sharply.
 Push Shot - Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion,
usually from net or midcourt to the opponent’s midcourt.
 Racquet - Instrument used by player to hit shuttlecock Weight about 3
ounces. Length: 27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-
gut string. Cost: $60-$175 (unstrung).
 Rally - Exchange of shots while the shuttle is in play.

 Serve or Service - Stroke used to put shuttlecock into play at the start of each
rally.
 Service Court - Area into which the serve must be delivered. Different for
singles and doubles play.

 Short Service Line - The line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach
to be legal.

 Shuttlecock - Official name for the object that players hit. Also known as
"birdie." Weight: .17-.l9 ounces. Made of: 16 goose feathers attached to a cork
tip covered with goat skin. Cost: $1.50-$2.00. Usually lasts for no more than
two games. The heavier the shuttlecock, the faster it flies. It flies faster in
higher temperatures and at higher altitudes.

 Smash - Hard-hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply downward.
Badminton’s primary attacking stroke.

 Wood Shot - Shot that result when the base of the shuttle is hit by the frame
of the racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable by the
International Badminton Federation in 1963.
Summary
Unlocking of difficulties provide clear understanding on the terminologies not

easily understood by the readers. It broadens further vocabulary not commonly
encountered and used into playing the game.

Exercise No.2
A. Answer the following questions listed below. Choose the best answer and
encircle the letter of your choice.
1. What is the old name of badminton?

a. Battledore b. Poona c. Shuttlecock
2. What is the other term used for a shuttlecock?

a. Ball b. Bird c. Shut
3. What year when badminton code of conduct was drawn up?

a. 1877 b. 1977 c. 2007
4. What do you call a line that separates the court into two equal parts?
a. Back line b. Sidelines c. Center Line
5. What do you call the exchange of shots while the shuttle is in play?
a. a. Rally b. Drop c. Smash
B. In your own words, briefly describe the difference in playing singles from
doubles.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. Briefly explain the difference between long and short service.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Gomez et.al, Introduction of Badminton, Retrieved at

https://www.slideshare.net/princynavya/badminton-pd, June 20, 2017
Britanica Dictionary, 3rd Edition,, Retrieved from

https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton: July 3, 2020
Lapuz, Rojas et al. Baminton Guide, Retrieved June 21, 2019 at

CHAPTER II

Facilities and Equipment and Safety Etiquette
This chapter will discuss the facilities and equipment in playing badminton
and the safety precautions while playing. This chapter is necessary for all the students
to understand since facilities and equipment are the basic things they need and use
while playing.
Safety precautions should also be learned by the learners to avoid possible

injuries while performing the game. It will give them additional idea about the proper
and necessary ways in handling the equipment and how to act inside and outside of
the court.
Objective:
1. Enumerate the facilities and equipment and apply the proper and safety
etiquette while playing.
LESSON 1: Facilities and equipment
Maintaining equipment does not have to be a full-time job as long as you

have the tools required to perform the required duties quickly and efficiently. If you
want to ensure your equipment is safe for your players and want to keep your facility
looking its best, check out the necessary thing you need before the game starts.
1. Enumerate the different facilities and equipment
What to Expect?
used in playing badminton.
2. Use the facilities and equipment
correctly.
3. Play the game safely by following the safety
measures.
Equipment in playing badminton
1. Racket
The badminton racket is one of the most important tools a player has in the game.
Badminton rackets are much lighter than most other sports rackets because they are
made from materials such as carbon fiber or lighter metals such as aluminum. Parts

of the racket include the head, throat, shaft and handle with a maximum length of
27.77 inches and a width of 9 inches. It Strings that are stretched across the opening
of the racket in a checkerboard pattern, which acts as the hitting surface. Badminton
rackets can vary widely in cost depending on whether they are purchased as part of a
basic backyard set or as more expensive professional models.
1.1. The Stringed Area is the part of the racket with which it is intended for the
player to hit the shuttle. It shall be of uniform pattern and shall not exceed
into 280mm, (11inches) length and 220mm. (8 5/8 inches) in width.
1.2. The Head bounds the stringed area.

1.3. The Throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.
1.4. The Ferrule firmly connects the shaft and the handle.
1.5. The Frame is the name given to the head, the throat, shaft and the handle
taken together. It shall not longer than 680mm. (2ft. 2 ¼ inches) or wider
than 230mm. (9 inches)
2. Shuttlecock
The badminton shuttlecock also referred to as a shuttle or birdie, acts similarly to a
ball in other racket sports. However, the design of the birdie creates more drag as it is
propelled through the air due to its feathered shape. The shuttlecock is made up of a

cone shape with a hard cork at its tip. Shuttlecocks can be made from a variety of
materials -- more expensive models are actually made from feathers, and less
expensive models are made from plastic feathers. The shuttle has 16 feathers
attached to the base and the length of the feathers range between 2.44 and 2.75
inches.
3. Net
A mesh net divides the badminton court into two sides. A badminton net is placed
lower than a volleyball net at five feet and one inch high on the sides and five feet
high in the center. The length may vary depending on whether doubles or singles are
playing, with singles reaching 17 feet and doubles reaching 22 feet. The net is 30
inches wide with a 3-inch white tape doubled over the top.
Net

4. Posts
1.55 meters in height from the surface of the court and shall remain vertical when the
net is strained. The post shall be placed on the doubles sidelines, irrespective of
whether singles or doubles is being played.
Posts
5. Grips
Grips are made of leather, towelling or synthetics. The advantages of towelling
are that it can quickly be changed, and it gives a comfortable grip less likely to
cause blisters. Leather is more expensive and difficult to change, but hard
wearing.
6. Shoes
There are host of different badminton shoes these days. It is best if the soles have a
good grip. Shock absorption is important, as badminton it is very physical game.

Whatever you buy, comfort is vital. Don’t tie laces too tightly as this can cause
bruising.

7. Clothes
When choosing clothes, comfort is the main objective. There’s nothing worst than a
shirt that is tight under the armpits, or shorts that don’t allow you to bend properly.
Be certain that shorts feel comfortable in the lunging position and your shirt does not
restrict you in the overhead hitting position. Use padded socks to help avoid blisters.
8. The Court
The court is a rectangle in shape with lines 40mm wide. The badminton court
should be 44 feet long by 22 feet wide if playing doubles, and 44 feet long by 17 feet
wide for singles. If the facility is indoors, there needs to be enough height for the
shuttlecock to be able to float across the net without hitting the ceiling. This height
will vary depending on the strength of the players.

Safety and Safety Etiquette
Emotional outburst, such as throwing the racket and the abusive language,
has no place in badminton, and students need to be aware that this type of conduct
is demanding to the game. The absence of this type of behaviour makes the game
attractive to players and spectators alike,

Good sportsmanship is an attribute to teach students, as the constant
emphasis on winning can be pressure building, being considerate of the other people
in an unwritten rule of etiquette in badminton. Another unwritten rule of etiquette is
used when courts are side by side and the birds go into the other court. The player
should wait until that court has finished the point to ask for the bird. Also the player
should be careful about running into adjoining courts to play the bird, and should be
sure all players are ready before service begins.
Safety Precautions to remember while playing the game
1. Make sure to always have firm grip on the racket.

2. Be careful not to hit your partner with the racket.
3. Stay on your own court.

4. Stop playing if others enter your court.
5. If your shuttlecock goes into another court, wait.
6. Be careful and aware of your surroundings (poles, walls, etc.).

7. The rackets are not toys, so no fooling around.
Safety Precautions on the Equipment
1. Rackets are fragile.

2. Avoid hitting the floor, walls, posts, nets and other people.
3. Handle the shuttlecocks carefully and only by their rubber tips.

4. If the shuttlecock gets stuck on the net remove them carefully so that they
don’t tear.
5. If your assigned racket is damaged report it to your teacher at the beginning
of the class.
6. If you don’t you are held responsible for the damage.
7. Make sure to return the racket to its numbered spot and bring the shuttlecock
back to your teacher.
Summary
Facilities and equipment are vital to all players. Every facilities and equipment
has proper specification according to its use. With this, it is important that all players
should know when to use, where to use and how to use it properly to avoid injuries
while playing.
Exercise No. 3
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer
_____________1. How many feathers are there in a shuttlecock?

_____________2. What is the main objective in choosing clothes in playing badminton?
_____________3. What is more expensive grip?

_____________4. It divides the badminton court into two sides

_____________5. It is considered as the most important tool in playing badminton.
B. Briefly explain the following questions:
1. In playing badminton, what is the consideration in buying shoes? Why?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. What kind og grip are you going to use playing badminton? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is it important to remember the safety precautions while you are in play?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Duran, Duran(20160. The use of Facilities and Equipment: Retrieved at

https://www.google.com/search?
q=picture+of+badminton+net+parts&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjQ9Z2ln4PqAhVJ0p
QKHawkA3oQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+badminton+net+parts&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoICAAQ
CBAHEB46BggAEAcQHjoCCABQjg9YnEpgp1xoAHAAeACAAcEBiAGzH5IBBDAuMjSYA
QCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=GxznXpD8Mcmk0wSsyYzQBw&bi
h=542&biw=1094#imgrc=RuXnCI1u7ozDDM
Marcelo et al. Badminton Equipments: Retrieved at

https://www.sportsrec.com/6612657/badminton-equipment-facilities
Zubiaga et al. The Importance of Complete Facilities in the Game: Retrieved at

https://sportadvisory.com/the-equipment-you-need-to-maintain-baseball-sports-
facilities/

CHAPTER III
Rules and Regulations of Badminton
Rules and regulations provide an agreement of understanding to competition.
In sports, rules define what is allowed or not to occur during situations on and off the
court.
The rules of the game apply to players, coaches and officials, and vary among
different sports and age groups.

This chapter will discuss the different laws in badminton that are necessary to
apply to avoid conflict and chaos to happen during the game.
Objective: At the end of the chapter the students are expected to;
1. Explain and interpret the different rules and regulation in playing

badminton.
LESSON 1: The Laws of Badminton

In sports, rules define what is allowed or not allowed to occur during
situations on and off the court. Rules govern anything from wearing proper uniforms,
to what facilities and equipment to use, to how to keep score during games of
different levels of competition.

1. Enumerate and explain the different rules and

What to Expect?
regulations in playing badminton.
2. Apply correctly the rules and

regulations while in
play.
The following are the Rules and Regulations in Playing Badminton
1. COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT

1.1. The court shall be a rectangle marked out with lines 40 mm wide as shown in
Diagram A.
1.2. The lines marking out the court shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be
coloured white or yellow.

1.3. All the lines shall form part of the area which they define.
1. 4. The posts shall be 1.55 metres in height from the surface of the court and shall
remain vertical when the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10.
1.5. The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines as in Diagram A irrespective
of whether singles or doubles is being played. The posts or its supports shall not
extend into the court beyond the side lines.

1.6. The net shall be made of fine cord of dark colour and even thickness with a mesh
of not less than l5 mm and not more than 20 mm.

1.7. The net shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 metres wide.

1.8. The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white tape doubled over a cord
or cable running through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or cable.
1.9. The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flush with the top of the posts.
1.10. The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 metres at the
centre of the court and 1.55 metres over the side lines for doubles.
1.11 There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary,
the full depth of the net at the ends shall be tied to the posts.
Note: (1) Diagonal length of full court = 14.723m

(2) Court as shown above can be used for both singles and doubles play
(3) ** Optional testing marks as shown in Diagram B.

2. SHUTTLE

2.1 The shuttle shall be made of natural and / or synthetic materials. From whatever
material the shuttle is made, the flight characteristics generally shall be similar to
those produced by a natural feathered shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin
layer of leather.
2.2 Feathered Shuttle

2.2.1 The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.
2.2.2 The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when

measured from the tip to the top of the base.
2.2.3 The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68
mm.
2.2.4 The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material.
2.2.5 The base shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom.
2.2.6 The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

2.3 Non-Feathered Shuttle
2.3.1 The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace natural
feathers.
2.3.2 The base shall be as described in Law 2.2.5.

2.3.3 Measurements and weight shall be as in Laws 2.2.2, 2.2.3 and 2.2.6. However,
because of the difference in the specific gravity and other properties of synthetic
materials in comparison with feathers, a variation of up to 10 per cent shall be
acceptable.
2.4 Subject to there being no variation in the general design, speed and flight of the
shuttle, modifications in the above specifications may be made with the approval of
the Member Association concerned, in places where atmospheric conditions due to
either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle unsuitable.

3. TESTING A SHUTTLE FOR SPEED
3.1 To test a shuttle, a player shall use a full underhand stroke which makes contact
with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward
angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.

3.2 A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530 mm and not more than 990
mm short of the other back boundary line as in Diagram B.

4. RACKET
4.1.2 The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended that a player
hits the shuttle.

4.1.3 The head bounds the stringed area.
4.1.4 The shaft connects the handle to the head (subject to Law 4.1.5).
4.1.5 The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.
4.2 The stringed area:

4.2.1 shall be flat and consist of a pattern of crossed strings either alternately
interlaced or bonded where they cross. The stringing pattern shall be generally
uniform and, in particular, not less dense in the centre than in any other area; and
4.2.2 shall not exceed 280 mm in overall length and 220 mm in overall width.
However, the strings may extend into an area which otherwise would be the throat,
provided that:
4.2.2.1 the width of the extended stringed area does not exceed 35 mm; and
4.2.2.2 the overall length of the stringed area does not then exceed 330 mm.
4.3 The racket:

4.3.1 shall be free of attached objects and protrusions, other than those used solely
and specifically to limit or prevent wear and tear, or vibration, or to distribute weight,
or to secure the handle by cord to the player's hand, and which are reasonable in size
and placement for such purposes; and

4.3.2 shall be free of any device that makes it possible for a player to change
materially the shape of the racket.

5. EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE
The International Badminton Federation shall rule on any question of whether any
racket, shuttle or equipment or any prototype used in the playing of Badminton
complies with the specifications. Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation's
initiative or on application by any party with a bona fide interest, including any
player, technical official, equipment manufacturer or Member Association or member
thereof.
6. TOSS
6.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss
shall exercise the choice in either Law 6.1.1 or 6.1.2:

6.1.1 to serve or receive first;
6.1.2 to start play at one end of the court or the other.

6.2 The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
7. SCORING SYSTEM
7.1 A match shall consist of the best of three games, unless otherwise arranged (Part
II, Section 1B Appendix 2 and 3).

7.2 A game shall be won by the side which first scores 21 points, except as provided
in Law 7.4 and 7.5.
7.3 The side winning a rally shall add a point to its score. A side shall win a rally, if the
opposing side commits a "fault" or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches
the surface of the court inside the opponent's court.

7.4 If the score becomes 20-all, the side which gains a two point lead first, shall win
that game.
7.5 If the score becomes 29-all, the side scoring the 30th point shall win that game.
7.6 The side winning a game shall serve first in the next game.
8. CHANGE OF ENDS
8.1 Players shall change ends:

8.1.1 at the end of the first game;
8.1.2 at the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game; and
8.1.3 in the third game when a side first scores 11 points.
8.2 If the ends are not changed as indicated in Law 8.1, it shall be done so as soon as
the mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall
stand.
9. SERVICE
9.1 In a correct service:

9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the
server and the receiver are ready for the service;
9.1.2 on completion of the backward movement of the server's racket head, any delay
in the start of the service (Law 9.2), shall be considered to be an undue delay;
9.1.3 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts
(Diagram A) without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;

9. 1.4 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact
with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law
9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);
9.1.5 the server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;
9.1.6 the whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by
the server's racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the
body, level with the lowest part of the server's bottom rib;

9.1.7 the shaft and the racket head of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the
shuttle shall be pointing in a downward direction;
9.1.8 the movement of the server's racket shall continue forwards from the start of
the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);
9.1.9 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server's racket to pass over
the net so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver's service court (i.e. on or
within the boundary lines); and

9.1.10 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.
9.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the
server's racket head shall be the start of the service.
9.3 Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the
server's racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.
9.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall
be considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.
9.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up
any positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server
or receiver.
10. SINGLES
10.1 Serving and receiving courts

10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts
when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts
when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.
10.2 Order of play and position on court.
In a rally, the shuttle may be hit by the server and the receiver alternately, from any
position on that player's side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law 15).
10.3 Scoring and serving

10.3.1 If the server wins a rally (Law 7.3), the server shall score a point. The server shall
then serve again from the alternate service court.

10.3.2 If the receiver wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiver shall score a point. The
receiver shall then become the new server.

11. DOUBLES

11.1 Serving and receiving courts
11.1.1 A player of the serving side shall serve from the right service court when the
serving side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.
11.1.2 A player of the serving side shall serve from the left service court when the
serving side has scored an odd number of points in that game.

11.1.3 The player of the receiving side who served last shall stay in the same service
court from where he served last. The reverse pattern shall apply to the receiver's
partner.
11.1.4 The player of the receiving side standing in the diagonally opposite service
court to the server shall be the receiver.
11.1.5 The players shall not change their respective service courts until they win a
point when their side is serving.
11.1.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from the service court
corresponding to the serving side's score, except as provided in Law 12.
11.2 Order of play and position on court

After the service is returned, in a rally, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the
serving side and either player of the receiving side alternately, from any position on
that player's side of the net, until the shuttle ceases to be in play (Law 15).
11.3 Scoring and serving

11.3.1 If the serving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the serving side shall score a point. The
server shall then serve again from the alternate service court.
11.3.2 If the receiving side wins a rally (Law 7.3), the receiving side shall score a point.
The receiving side shall then become the new serving side.
11.4 Sequence of serving
In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively:

11.4.1 from the initial server who started the game from the right service court
11.4.2 to the partner of the initial receiver.

11.4.3 to the partner of the initial server
11.4.4 to the initial receiver,

11.4.5 to the initial server and so on.
11.5 No player shall serve or receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services
in the same game, except as provided in Law 12.

11.6 Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either
player of the losing side may receive first in the next game.
12. SERVICE COURT ERRORS

12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:
12.1.1 has served or received out of turn; or

12.1.2 has served or received from the wrong service court;
12.2 If a service court error is discovered, the error shall be corrected and the existing
score shall stand.
13. FAULTS It shall be a "fault":

13.1 if a service is not correct (Law 9.1);
13.2 if, in service, the shuttle:

13.2.1 is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top;
13.2.2 after passing over the net, is caught in the net; or

13.2.3 is hit by the receiver's partner;
13.3 if in play, the shuttle:

13.3.1 lands outside the boundaries of the court (i.e. not on or within the boundary
lines);
13.3.2 fails to pass over the net between the net posts;
13.3.3 touches the ceiling or side walls;

13.3.4 touches the person or dress of a player;
13.3.5 touches any other object or person outside the court;
(Where necessary on account of the structure of the building, the local badminton
authority may, subject to the right of veto of its Member Association, make bye-laws
dealing with cases in which a shuttle touches an obstruction).
13.3.6 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a
stroke;
13.3.7 is hit twice in succession by the same player. However, a shuttle hitting the
head and the stringed area of the racket in one stroke shall not be a "fault";
13.3.8 is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or

13.3.9 touches a player's racket and does not travel towards the opponent's court;
13.4 if, in play, a player:

13.4.1 touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress;

13.4.2 invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except that the
striker may follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke
after the initial point of contact with the shuttle is on the striker's side of the net;
13. 4.3 invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an
opponent is obstructed or distracted; or

13.4.4 obstructs an opponent, i.e. prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke
where the shuttle is followed over the net;

13.4.5 deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making
gestures;
13.5 if a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law 14.
LETS
14.1 "Let" shall be called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt
play.
14.2 It shall be a "let”, if:
14.2.1 the server serves before the receiver is ready (Law 9.4);
14.2.2 during service, the receiver and the server are both faulted;
14.2.3 after the service is returned, the shuttle is:

14.2.3.1 caught on the net and remains suspended on its top, or
14.2.3.2 after passing over the net is caught in the net;

14.2.4 during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from
the rest of the shuttle;
14.2.5 in the opinion of the umpire, play is disrupted or a player of the opposing side
is distracted by a coach;
14.2.6 a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision; or
14.2.7 any unforeseen or accidental situation has occurred.

14.3 When a "let" occurs, play since the last service shall not count and the player
who served last shall serve again,.
15. SHUTTLE NOT IN PLAY A shuttle is not in play when:

15.1 it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the
striker's side of the net;

15.2 it hits the surface of the court; or

15.3 a "fault" or a "let" has occurred.
16. CONTINUOUS PLAY, MISCONDUCT & PENALTIES
16.1 Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded,
except as allowed in Laws 16.2 and 16.3.
16.2 Intervals:
16.2.1 not exceeding 60 seconds during each game when the leading score reaches
11 points; and
16. 2.2 not exceeding 120 seconds between the first and second game, and between
the second and third game shall be allowed in all matches.

(For a televised match, the Referee may decide before the match that intervals as in
Law 16.2 are mandatory and of fixed duration).

16.3 Suspension of play
16.3.1 When necessitated by circumstances not within the control of the players, the
umpire may suspend play for such a period as the umpire may consider necessary.
16.3.2 Under special circumstances the Referee may instruct the umpire to suspend
play.
16.3.3 If play is suspended, the existing score shall stand and play shall be resumed
from that point.
16.4 Delay in play

16.4.1 Under no circumstances shall play be delayed to enable a player to recover
strength or wind or to receive advice.
16.4.2 The umpire shall be the sole judge of any delay in play.
16.5 Advice and leaving the court

16.5.1 Only when the shuttle is not in play (Law 15), shall a player be permitted to
receive advice during a match.

16.5.2 No player shall leave the court during a match without the umpire's
permission, except during the intervals as described in Law 16.2.

16.6 A player shall not:
16.6.1 deliberately cause delay in, or suspension of, play;

16.6.2 deliberately modify or damage the shuttle in order to change its speed or its
flight;
16.6.3 behave in an offensive manner; or

16.6.4 be guilty of misconduct not otherwise covered by the Laws of Badminton.
16.7 Administration of breach
16.7.1 The umpire shall administer any breach of Law 16.4, 16.5 or 16.6 by:
16.7.1.1 issuing a warning to the offending side;
16.7.1.2 faulting the offending side, if previously warned. One such fault followed by a
warning by a side shall be considered to be a persistent offence; or
16.7.2 in cases of flagrant offence, persistent offences or breach of Law 16.2, the
umpire shall fault the offending side and report the offending side immediately to
the Referee, who shall have the power to disqualify the offending side from the
match.
17. OFFICIALS AND APPEALS

17.1 The Referee shall be in overall charge of the tournament or event of which a
match forms part.

17. 2 The umpire, where appointed, shall be in charge of the match, the court and its
immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to the Referee.

17.3 The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur
(Law 9.1.2 to 9.1.8).

17.4 A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle landed "in" or "out" on the line(s)
assigned.
17.5 An official's decision shall be final on all points of fact for which that official is
responsible except that if, in the opinion of the umpire, it is beyond reasonable doubt
that a line judge has clearly made a wrong call, the umpire shall overrule the decision
of the line judge.

17.6 An umpire shall:
17.6.1 uphold and enforce the Laws of Badminton and, especially, call a "fault" or a
"let" should either occur;
17.6.2 give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the
next service is delivered;
17.6.3 ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match;
17.6.4 appoint or replace line judges or a service judge in consultation with the
Referee;

17.6.5 where another court official is not appointed, arrange for that official's duties
to be carried out;
17.6.6 where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out that official's duties or play
a "let";
17.6.7 record and report to the Referee all matters relating to Law 16; and
17.6.8 refer to the Referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such
appeals must be made before the next service is delivered or, if at the end of the
match, before the side that appeals has left the court).
Summary:
Equip knowledge on the rules and regulations of the game provide direction
to any player. Players know where to go what to do and how to adjust in order to win
the game.
Exercise No.4
A. Analyze whether the statement/s is a Fault or Let. Write A if the correct
answer is Fault and B if it is Let. Write your answer on the space provided
before the number.
_______1. the server serves before the receiver is ready.
_______2. the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on its top.
_______3. the service is not correct.

_______4. the shuttle lands outside the boundaries.
_______5. the shuttle fails to pass over the net between the net posts
B. Draw a court and label it for singles and doubles.

C. What is the importance of the rules and regulations in playing? How it helps
in making the game successful?
___________________________________________________________________________________
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REFERENCES:
BWF handbook, The Laws of Badminton, Retrieved July 11, 2019 at
http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/
Badminton Federation, Badminton Rules, Retrieved June 27, 2020 at
https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/badminton.html
Unites States Badminton Association, Official Laws of Badminton,
Retrieved June 25, 2019 at https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-

srv/sports/olympics/longterm/badmnton/badlaws.htm

CHAPTER IV
Methods of Training Methods of Training
Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is the

application of knowledge & gives people an awareness of rules & procedures to
guide their behavior. It helps in bringing about positive change in the knowledge,
skills & attitudes of employees. Training is essential when it comes to improving our
skills in any Sport or activity.
Objective: At the end of the chapter the students should be able to

1. Discuss the methods of training in terms of physical & psychological aspects
of the game.
LESSON 1: Principles of Training
Badminton is a highly complex sport and this presents great challenges for
players and coaches of all levels. An individual rally is a series of demanding
movements performed using a movement pattern which is unique compared with

any other sport. Rally length is often short (average for elite players is around 6-
8seconds) and, consequently, performed at very high intensity. However, players

must also be prepared for long rallies. Rallies are interspersed with short rest periods
(typical duration around 15 seconds) which allow partial recovery from the previous
rally. However, competitive matches may last at least 45 minutes. So, badminton is a
combination of speed (anaerobic fitness) in rallies and endurance (aerobic fitness) to
allow sustained efforts and to promote recovery between rallies. Great strength,
power, agility and flexibility are also required. All of these fitness components should
form part of a player’s fitness training. Additionally, the development of tactical and
technical elements is, of course, also vital. With all of these types of training, an
understanding of the principles of fitness training from a general point of view is
essential.
1. Identify the principles of training.

What to Expect?
2. Differentiate physical from psychological
training
3. Perform the exercises with ease and self-

confidence.
General principles of fitness training

1. Specificity
From a simple point of view, specificity of training refers to whether

training is relevant. For example, power training for a javelin thrower is likely
to require very different routines to those which would be used for badminton
players. Relevant power training for Badminton would simulate some of the
movements which are experienced on the court. An example would be the

use of lunges for strength development. Because this movement is so
important to badminton, training with lunges is very specific and therefore

more effective than general techniques.
Specificity extends to all areas of fitness training. Knowledge of the
typical rally length and recovery length should be used in the development of
specific training. If players only ever trained for work periods of 30 seconds or
more, this type of training could be judged to be nonspecific because most

rallies are much shorter than this. The human body is amazingly adaptable
but it can only adapt in response to the stresses it is exposed to.

2. Progression
The whole purpose of good training is to expose the player to situations

where the body’s physical limits are gradually being extended. For example, an
athlete wishing to complete a marathon would have to gradually extend the

distance covered in training sessions. Gradually over a matter of weeks a session

which was hard will become easier and the distance or the intensity (i.e., speed)
will have to be increased for the training programme to continue to be effective
in promoting improved fitness. The same is, of course, true in Badminton. When a
given kind of training is introduced for the first time, it is important that the
training is initially fairly easy for the player to perform. With experience, the
training must ‘progress’. In fitness training, this means that the stimulus to
improve fitness is slowly increased so that fitness improves gradually from one
stage to the next. Progression is an essential element of a successful training
programme.
Example – off court session to improve aerobic fitness (low initial fitness
level). One session per week

• Weeks 1-3. 20 minute continuous jog at an easy pace. Aim: to complete
run without stopping

• Weeks 4-6 30 minute continuous jog at easy pace. Aim: as above (but
30min)
• Weeks 7-9 ~ 25 minute run at moderate pace. Aim: same route as week
4-6 but at a faster pace

• Weeks 10-12 35 minute continuous run at similar pace as in weeks 7-9.
This plan shows progression for both the duration and for the intensity of the
exercise.
Only once a programme of training can incorporate progression in some
form can true improvements be evident. Progression must be gradual, however.
Excessive increases in the demands of training will bring about excessive fatigue
and increase the risk of injury. This will ultimately be counter-productive. It is
impossible to judge generally the rate of ‘ideal overload’ for any given player. But
with well-documented training and a professional approach a coach and player
will soon begin to learn the player’s capabilities

3. Variation
Training needs to be varied in order to enhance both physical and

psychological development. There are a number of general physical requirements
of a badminton player. For example; speed, strength, endurance, flexibility. While

these should all be developed specifically, it is also beneficial if there is some

general development of these components as well. Some players like to go
running for endurance fitness but overuse injuries can result from a lack of
variation in training. It would be preferable if endurance work could be performed

using a range of training activities (e.g., swimming, cycling, running and other
sports). The principle should also be applied to on-court situations. Technically, if

a certain skill is developed using a range of drills, then there is a greater
likelihood that it can be applied to new, unexpected situations. If a player needs

to increase movement speed, then that needs to be achieved in many varied
circumstances on and off the court. Clearly on-court speed is vital for the sport
but general development of speed off the court will also transfer onto the court if
movement technique is good.

Example – on court sessions to improve movement speed (moderate
initial fitness level)

Drill 1 – Shuttle runs across the width of one court & back to start point.
Perform 3 repetitions in succession and repeat 10 times with 45 seconds between

each effort.
Drill 2 – Shadow play from service return position. Net shot, back to play
clear, come back to net to play kill. Repeat 12 times with 25 seconds between
each effort.
Drill 3 – Multifeed* 15 shuttles random movements. Repeat 8 times with
40 seconds between each effort. All drills to be performed at maximal speed.
These sessions show variation as they use non-specific movements (drill 1),
specific movements without a shuttle (drill 2) and specific movements with a

shuttle (drill 3).

* Multi feed is where a coach or feeder hits or throws a shuttle, one after
another, for the players to return
Training techniques for Badminton

The type of training used by badminton players is generally related to the
standard of the player. For younger players with less well-developed skill levels,
most training is likely to be devoted to playing games. With higher skill levels
should come greater dedication to the game and increased use of the many
potential types of training that will help competitive performance.
Simply, Badminton training can be initially categorised into on-court and

off-court work. On court work would mean training with badminton movements
with a racket and usually (although not always) with a shuttle. Off-court work is
usually additional work that has the aim of enhancing some particular aspect of
fitness. After an initial section of warm up and warm down, the purpose of this
section is to outline types of training, while a later section will give examples of
how these techniques can be used to enhanced fitness. Warm up & warm down
Any exercise is a considerable stress
Warm up & warm down

Any exercise is a considerable stress on the human body and the body
should be given time to adapt to exercise and also to recover from exercise.
Warm-up and warm-down are similar in principle and similar exercises can mostly
be used for both purposes. Warm-up and warm-down are easily ignored as they
may not appear to have a direct bearing on the training session in hand but both
elements should be part of every training session and time should be allocated
(at least 10 minutes each) to allow this to happen. A warm-up has psychological
and physiological goals. Firstly, it should involve dynamic movements that help to
increase body temperature. This is initially achieved by general activity such as
gentle jogging for around five minutes. Secondly, it should involve some
stretching which will help to prepare the muscles for the stresses ahead. After
jogging, some stretching should be performed. This should particularly

concentrate on muscles that are to be used in the activity. Stretching in a warm-
up should involve some dynamic flexibility work– i.e., movements through a

complete range of motion. Finally, warm-up has psychological advantages as it

should allow the player to mentally prepare for subsequent training or
competition.
Warm–down is the opposite of warm–up and is performed after

completion of an exercise session. The purpose of warm down is to maintain a
slightly elevated metabolism which will help to promote recovery from the
exercise that has just taken place. Moderate intensity activity is an excellent way
to promote recovery of previously active muscle so a few minutes jogging is to be

recommended after completion of a session. Like warm-up, this should also be
followed by some stretching. Stretching after exercise is not as common a

practice as it should be. This is a very important way to further promote the
recovery from exercise and to help reduce injury risk.

Examples of on-court fitness training types
Games
Playing games will nearly always have some fitness benefit as well as the
obvious technical and tactical benefits. But it should be appreciated that sole use
of games will not be effective in promoting one specific area of fitness.
A fairly high proportion of training should be focused on games, especially

in the weeks before a major event
‘Shadow play’ (i.e., Badminton without a shuttle!) Because shadow play is

not concerned with the outcome of a shot, shadow movement routines are often
used to work on footwork or fitness.
Example to enhance movement speed (suitable for all levels) Players are
required to move around the court for ten seconds at their maximum speed. This is
then followed by around 40-50 seconds recovery. This routine can be repeated for
10 – 20 minutes.
Multi feed
A feeder begins with many shuttles, ready to hit or throw (‘feed’) them to
a player. Shuttles are quickly directed to different positions around the court. Like
shadow play, multi feed routines can be used to stress many different aspects of
fitness (and other requirements for the game, generally)
Example to enhance speed / endurance (suitable for highly trained players)

Feeder feeds 30 shuttles to random positions around the court. Player must return

each shuttle before moving straight onto the next shuttle. A 30-second recovery is
given before the next set of 30 shuttles is fed. Such a routine would be extremely
hard, if done correctly, and it is unlikely for such a routine to last more than 10 – 15
minutes.
Conditioned games A variation on standard games. Conditioned games
may be used to stress certain aspects which need to be worked upon in training.
Example to enhance on-court endurance Rally length could be artificially
lengthened by making players hit 10 shots each before playing out the point in
the usual way. This could be an effective way of improving specific Badminton
endurance and consistency of shot production. Conditioned drills This would be

any drill with a specific aim using principles not covered already. Such drills would
be more specific than shadow play or multifeed work but less specific than a
conditioned game mentioned above. Example to enhance movement speed in
singles player (advanced) 2 v 1. One player plays rallies against two players on the
other side of the net. The two players usually cover half a court each playing ‘side
by side’. The lone player will be forced to move more quickly in this condition.
Such a session with three players could involve rotation of players playing alone
against the pair.

Examples of off-court types of fitness training
1. Strength Training
The purpose of weight training is usually to increase muscle strength. In order
to achieve successful strength gains, specific muscles must perform movements

while working against a resistance. Weight training is a skill and, like all skills,
development of optimal strength for a player may take a very long time (often a
matter of years). Players should start with light resistances so that they become
skilled at the movements required (qualified instructors should be used for this
purpose). Once a movement is learned (this may take at least 8-10 sessions), the
resistance can be increased so that real strength development can commence.

Sufficient strength is vital for many aspects of successful Badminton play. A
strong player is likely to move more quickly and powerfully and is also likely to hit
harder. Effective strength training will lead to a player having greater control of
movement. Strength training is also very effective in overcoming imbalances in

muscle strength. Badminton is an asymmetrical sport and this can cause unequal
muscle strength. Such imbalances are not uncommon and may lead to
imbalances in movement style and then go on to cause injury. Good muscle
strength will also help to protect joints and, thus reduce the risk of injuries. At
international level, all elite players perform strength training and the benefits are
also likely to transfer to players of a lower level of ability. One common concern
about weight training is that it will cause excessive increase in muscle mass
(‘bulking up’). This is extremely unlikely to occur if a player is performing an

otherwise well-rounded Badminton training programme.

Weight training should only be undertaken under the supervision of qualified
instructors. Players who are still growing should not normally undertake weight
training.
2. Aerobic Training
The purpose of aerobic training is to develop the ability to transport oxygen
and food energy around the body (i.e., cardiovascular fitness). Aerobic activity is
quite simply any exercise that raises the heart rate significantly for fairly
prolonged periods of time. Badminton itself is an aerobic activity and using

games as aerobic training is totally acceptable. However, aerobic training should
also be done away from the court. Any activity which uses large muscles (e.g.,
legs, arms) will help aerobic fitness provided that total exercise duration is above
about 20 minutes. Suitable activities would include running, swimming cycling

and many fitness classes.
Aerobic (or endurance) fitness is essential for Badminton. Aerobic exercise

involves the heart & lungs transporting oxygen and food energy to the working
muscles. These help to promote recovery from exercise as well as restoring

muscle energy supplies for the next bout of activity. A player with good aerobic
fitness will be able to play very hard without getting as tired as a lessfit opponent.
Once a player is tired then mistakes will become more frequent and, as a
consequence, aerobic fitness is likely to be closely related to success in long

games. Good aerobic fitness is also likely to mean a player can do more training
over prolonged periods of time. In this way aerobic fitness, like strength, underlies
all training activities. A common concern about endurance training is that
iTrainingt will cause a player to become slow. This is because continuous

endurance training is usually performed at fairly low intensity (i.e., a speed that

can be continued for 30 minutes). A lot of continuous endurance training could
certainly detract from speed and agility but appropriate endurance training
(detailed later) should involved a range of activities and training intensities and
should not result in decreased movement speed.
3. Speed & Agility Training

Speed and agility are quite closely linked to strength. Speed, in particular is
usually improved when strength and power are enhanced. Both speed and agility
are vital to Badminton performance. A successful player must move quickly when
necessary but changes in direction are equally important in the game due to the
nature of the movements required in a rally. While some people seem to be
naturally fast and agile, these are both skills that can be acquired. It is important
to remember that speed and agility will not be improved if a player is training
while tired. Speed and agility must be trained when a player is relatively fresh, but
after a good warm up.

4. Flexibility Training
This is essential for our sport and good flexibility is both a requirement for
success in the sport but is also likely to be related to a reduced risk of getting
injured. Flexibility training involves stretching a joint through its whole range of
motion. This can be done using slow movements where a stretch is held for a
period of time up to 30 seconds. This kind of stretching (‘static’) is performed at
the limit of a muscle’s range of motion. Alternatively, flexibility can also be

performed using dynamic movements. Both of these types of flexibility training
should be incorporated into every player’s regular training schedule.
5. Core Stability Training

Core stability refers to strength of the postural muscles in the torso. These
muscles help to stabilise the spine, pelvis and shoulders. Although these areas
may not appear to be directly responsible for dynamic movements in badminton,
strength here promotes effective movements in connected areas (i.e., arms, lower
body). A ‘strong core’ can be likened to the foundations of a house. If the core

strength is good then the quality and power of other movements in the arms,
trunk and legs will be increased. Core stability training will help to promote
overall balance and muscle control as well as reducing injury risk and muscle
imbalances. The training procedures for core stability usually involve slow, often
static, muscle contractions which may involve some use of additional equipment
such as gym balls. Muscular contraction with an emphasis on control is the key to
successful core stability training.
6. Circuit Training
Circuit training is a general term used that describes training where different
exercises are performed at high intensity for quite short periods, followed by
quite short rest periods. Circuit training is excellent for badminton fitness as it can
be used to increase muscle strength, endurance and aerobic fitness. Circuit

training can be performed using weight training exercises or by using one’s own
body weight to create a resistance. Additionally, movement drills (sprints, shadow

play etc.) could be adapted to form a part or the whole of a circuit training
session. Typical work duration would be 30 seconds, with an intervening rest

period of 30 seconds. With a range of exercises (jumps, sprints, court drills,
weights, sit-ups, press-ups) many different activities can be performed one after
the other to form a whole circuit training session which could last around 20
minutes or more.

Development of specific fitness components
The purpose of the many types of training used in badminton has already been
discussed. This last section will give you specific details of how to convert this
knowledge into real training sessions like those which are performed by elite players.
Aerobic Training The key to successful endurance training is to use varied training
in terms of the intensity and duration of sessions performed. The following is a list of
four contrasting types of aerobic training sessions. Each of these are valuable in their
own way and a well-rounded aerobic fitness will be developed by incorporating all of
these types of sessions into a training programme
Duration - 35 minute continuous run / swim / cycle at a moderate

intensity
Long interval - 5 repetitions of 4 mins. hard running followed by 3 mins.

of easy jogging written as ‘ 5 x (4 min hard : 3 minutes easy) ’
Medium interval - 4 sets of (5 x (40sec hard : 120 sec walk)), 2 additional

minutes rest after each set
Short interval - 5 sets (4 x (10 second sprint: 30 second walk) 2 minutes

rest after each set
These suggestions above are only to be used as a guide and it is fine to use
the same principles when planning a session with other activities such as swimming,
cycling, rowing, etc. The principles of variation, specificity and progression should be
considered when incorporating these types of training into a whole programme.
The ‘duration’ type of session is to be used mostly away from competition

time as it involves slow, repetitive movements. However, duration training is very
good as a foundation for the other, more intense sessions. In contrast, the short

interval session should mostly be used near to competition time as it is aerobic but
also involves fast, short movements.
Strength Training
Strength training is best optimised with 3-4 sets of 4-8 repetitions. The
recovery between each set should be about 120 sec. Strength training sessions
should generally be performed up to three times per week. True strength gains are
unlikely unless training is performed at least twice a week. Once a player has become
accustomed to performing the strength training movement appropriately, it should
be ensured that weights are selected which cause fatigue after the required number
of repetitions (in this case between 4 and 8 reps). The subsequent 2 minute recovery
should be enough to allow the same (or similar) number of repetitions to be lifted.
There are thousands of exercises that target different muscle groups. The
programme should consist of both badminton specific and general exercises.

Valuable exercises for badminton would include:- Rotator cuff, Seated row, Lunges,
Squats, Calf raises, Tricep press, Dumbbell flies

It is preferable to use free weights (bars, dumbbells, etc.) as opposed to
machine weights as the adaptations to free weight- training exercises are more
functional to sporting performance. Correct movement technique is essential for
appropriate strength development without injury risk. However, it is beyond the

scope of this booklet to instruct on the technique of specific exercises: qualified
instructors should be used for this purpose.
Power Training
Power is the application of strength at speed. Power can be developed initially

using the same kinds of movements used in strength training. This is best trained
with exercises that use a number of muscles at a moderate resistance with fairly high
movement speed. Olympic lifts such as power cleans best suit this type of
development. A progressive overload is essential, and like strength training (above)

you should never sacrifice technique.
Power can also be developed using body weight as the resistance to work
against. Exercises like explosive jumps and sprint drills can be helpful in converting
strength already gained in strength training into power. Experienced and well-trained
players use exercises called plyometrics to enhance power. Plyometric exercises

generally involve jumps and hopping with fast movement speed and minimal contact
time between feet and the ground. Such exercises are very stressful, however, and are
likely to cause injury if performed without sufficient initial fitness and without
appropriate tuition. Individual plyometric exercises should only be performed for very
short duration (never more than 10 seconds) and be followed by at least 1 minute’s
recovery.
Plyometric training should not be undertaken until the body has stopped
growing. Plyometric training should be undertaken under the guidance of qualified
instructors.
Speed Training
General speed can be developed by either light-resistance work performed

quickly such as medicine ball work or with very fast whole-body movements such as
short sprints (e.g., 30m or across 4 courts, for example). Badminton speed must be
developed as well and this is best achieved using the ideas already covered in this
booklet (e.g., shadow, multifeed). It is essential that a player regularly performs

specific speed training and that the duration of such sessions should be kept fairly
short. Additionally, the duration of the periods of work in such a session must be kept
to a minimum. The body will reach its maximum speed within 5 seconds of maximal
exercise. If speed sessions include work periods of longer than 10 seconds then the
session is not training speed. Equally, sufficient recovery must be given and for a
speed session, recovery should be at least 5 times longer than the period of work.
A Badminton shadow play session made up of the following drill should be
effective in promoting speed, provided that players move at maximal speed during
the work.
Duration: 10 sec, with 40 – 60 sec recovery.

Flexibility Training
There are a number of different situations where flexibility (stretching) work is

performed. Stretching should be part of any warm-up and warm-down but stretching
should also be performed by Badminton players with a view to promoting long-term

increases in joint flexibility. High flexibility is essential in our sport and separate
flexibility sessions should be performed regularly in addition to the stretching done

as part of a warm-up / down.

If flexibility is performed as part of a warm up (and it should be), the aim is to
make dynamic movements (i.e., not static stretches) throughout the range of motion
for the main joints used in Badminton. This should involve focussing on the joints in
the shoulder and lower body.
Flexibility should also be used in warm down as this helps to reduce

subsequent injury risk. In this case, flexibility should involve static stretches where a
muscle is stretched to close to its limit. At this point, there should be a very slight
pain in the stretched muscle. This point should be held for 20-30 seconds before
relaxing and repeating the same stretch 2-3 more times.
Summary
Proper methods of training in physical education are critical to overall
health and well-being. Circuit, continuous, interval, weight and flexibility training
are all important. Some physical education instructors use the FITT acronym, which
stands for Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type, to help them remember the key
factors when creating a training program for a particular sport or activity.
Determining the target training zones of specific individuals will help each person
to reach fitness goals. Optimal physical training also includes the appropriate
amount of anaerobic and aerobic exercise.
Exercise No.5
Instructions:
1. Make a weekly plan exercise program good for one (1) month by following
the format listed on the table

Name__________________________________________ Age__________ Sex_______
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Warm-up
Specificity
Progression
Variation

Cool-down
2. Execute the planned exercise program for 1 month. Check and measure the
changes/progress of your body by filling up the table below.
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4

Weight
Waist
(measure in
cm)
Butt (measure
in cm)
Shoulders
(measure in
cm)
3. Make a reflection paper about the effect/s of the planned exercise program
you’ve made.
REFERENCES:
The badminton Association of England Retrieved July 21, 2020 at
http://www.badminton-zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/fitness%20trening%20u
%20badmintonu%20England.pdf
Six badminton Exercises that will improve your Performance in the Court: July
22, 2020 Retrieved at: https://www.sportsuncle.com/index.php?
route=blog/article&article_id=42
Mark Kayo (2017) The Methods of Training in Physical Education. Retrieved

July 17, 2019 at https://classroom.synonym.com/training-methods-physical-
education-7966312.html
CHAPTER V
ROLES OF THE OFFICIATING OFFICIALS

Badminton officials play a very important role in the badminton matches. Even
though they are not as crucial as they can be in other sports such as football or
basketball due to the lack of physical contact between players, they still are required
in order to ensure a smooth and fair match. The badminton officials are divided into
different roles or positions:
Objectives: At the end of the chapter the students should be able to

1. Discuss and demonstrate the different officiating skills in application to the
rules of the game.

2. Demonstrate the different hand signals in officiating the game
Lesson 1: Officiating Officials
A referee or simply ref is the person of authority in a variety of sports who is

responsible for presiding over the game from a neutral point of view and making on-
the-fly decisions that enforce the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship
decisions such as ejection. This lesson will discuss the roles of the officiating officials
such as; first referee, second referee, service judge line judge and the importance of
the hand signals while they are officiating the game.
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to

1. Explain the roles and functions of the different officiating
What to Expect?
officials.
2. Discuss the importance of the
officials in a game.
The badminton officials are divided into different roles or positions:
 Referee
 Umpire
 Service judge
 Line judge

Role of the referee
The referee is the most important official of the whole tournament. He or she is in
charge of the competition and needs to ensure that the tournament is conducted
following the Laws of Badminton (including court, rackets and shuttlecock
measurements), the regulations of the Badminton World Federation and/or any
other regulations that might be relevant in that specific competition.
In addition to that, the referee has the last word if there is an argument between the
umpire (in charge of the matches) and a player or team.
Moreover, the referee makes sure that the facilities and the conditions to play are up
to the standards required for that specific tournament. For example, he has to check
that the badminton mats are mounted correctly so they can enhance game play.
Finally, the referee is also in charge of the approval of the schedule of matches and
practice (if applicable).
Role of the Umpire

The umpire is the maximum authority in a particular match and it is in charge of the
court. The duty of the umpire is to make sure that the specific match is conducted
following the Laws of Badminton, the regulations of the Badminton World Federation
and/or any other regulations that might be relevant in that specific competition.
It is the umpire responsibility to judge service faults and other player faults. The
umpire keeps a record of any misbehaviour or incident and reports it to the referee.
He/she is also responsible for keeping the match score, which will be announced
after each point of the match.

The umpire has control over the specific match but also needs to report any serious
acts to the referee, who is, at the end, the maximum authority of the tournament.
Outside of the major tournaments, the referee will also take the role of an umpire in
order to help with the process.
Badminton Umpires Authority
Umpire roles and responsibilities apply to the match being played on the court they
are officiating. Thus, they should enforce all badminton rules and regulations on their
particular court. These rulings apply to calls and umpire hand signals relating to
'LETS', game faults, and service faults.
Umpiring responsibilities provide them with full authority in the application of any
lawful sanctions during the particular match which they oversee.
Officiating officials of badminton, and their functions, have several levels of

jurisdiction. They would all have control over the players and spectators. They govern
the regulations of a match 'collectively'.
Umpiring assistants should include a service judge and several line judges. They will
be responsible for calling service faults and line errors (in or out).
There is great importance in the functional duties and roles played by the service and
line judges. But, the umpire in badminton can use discretion and overrule calls or
signals made by refereeing assistants.
The umpire should announce the score to the players and to the audience after each
point. The same duty would apply as the scores change throughout a match.
Another function of the umpire is to record any incidents of misconduct committed

by the players and to report infringements to the referee.
Note: As a rule, championship organizers would provide badminton umpiring

equipment and clothing.
The jurisdiction of umpires in badminton exists from the moment they enter the
court. That means they have control even before a match starts. It would continue
until the game has finished - reporting to and acting under the authority of the
referee.
Role of the Service Judge

The service judge is responsible for making a ‘service fault’ call and to provide
shuttles to the players. Due to the way badminton is played, the serve is one of the
most important and perfected shots of the player and, especially when playing
doubles, players will bring the serve to the limit of the legality in order to gain as
much advantage as possible.

In addition to checking the service, the service judge usually takes care of the
shuttles, providing the players with new shuttles whenever required.
In smaller championships, when there is no service judge, the umpire takes the role of
the service judge.
Role of the Line Judge

The line judges are responsible for indicating whether a shuttlecock landed “in” or
“out” if the shuttle lands near the lines he/she is assigned to control. Due to the fast
speed of the game and the skill of the players, this is a very challenging job and, as a
result, the line judges are the officials that usually get more pressure from the players.
In recent years, an Instant Review System has been implemented, that helps ensure
that the right decision is taken, but which also adds pressure to the line judges as it
clearly shows when a mistake has taken place. Each player has two incorrect calls per
game of the match.
Depending on the level of the tournament, there may be as many as 10 line judges
assigned to a court for a particular match. This is the number recommended by the
BWF.
When 10 line judges are available, they are positioned as follows:
 2 line judges for the short service line (one on each side of the court)
 2 line judges for the centre line (one on each end of the court)
 4 line judges for the side lines (two on each side of the court). Please note
that the exact location will depend on whether a singles match is being played
(and they would follow the singles side lines) or a doubles match is being played
(and they would follow the doubles side lines
 2 line judges for the back boundary lines (one each end of the court). Please
note that, in the case of the doubles match, these line judges check both the
back boundary line and the long service line.
Summary
Several kinds of rules officials oversee badminton matches and tournaments.

The umpire typically oversees individual matches, and has authority over all other
rules officials on his court.

 The referee has authority over an entire tournament or event. An umpire with
authority over a particular match must report to the tournament referee.

 The umpire must follow any instructions given by the referee.
 The umpire must enforce all badminton rules on the court.

 The umpire makes rules calls regarding service faults, other player faults or
lets.
 The umpire announces the match's score to the players and audience
throughout the match.
 He must announce the score after each point.

 The umpire also records any incidents of misconduct and reports them to the
referee.
Exercise No. 5
1. In your own words, explain the roles of the following:
a. Referee
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Umpire
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
c. Line judge
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

d. Service judge
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCES:
Lisa Porter (2018,) Role of a badminton Umpire. Retrieved: July 27, 20101 at
https://www.sportsrec.com/5197375/role-of-a-badminton-umpire
Badminton Guide Retrieved: July 10, 2019 at

https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/badminton-officials/
The UK Rules, Roles of Officials in Badminton Retrieved: June 21, 2019 at

https://www.theukrules.co.uk/rules/sport/badminton/umpire-
responsibilities.html#referee

Lesson 2: Signs and Signals in Officiating
If you are playing badminton competitively you should definitely know what
the referee hand gestures are and what they mean. They are very useful and help you
to understand what you are doing that may be incorrect or against the rules.
Badminton, like most sports, makes use of hand signals in order to simplify
communication between the different badminton officials, between badminton
officials and badminton players and also between badminton players.
The hand signals avoid language barriers between people from different
countries and also avoid possible misunderstandings when there is a lot of ambient
noise. They are usually reinforced with certain sounds depending on the situation at
play.
What to Expect? 1. Identify what the referee hand gestures are and
what they mean.

2. Create a video clip while demonstrating the
hand signals used by the different officiating

officials.
Badminton, like most sports, makes use of hand signals in order to simplify
communication between the different badminton officials, between badminton
officials and badminton players and also between badminton players. The hand
signals avoid language barriers between people from different countries and also
avoid possible misunderstandings when there is a lot of ambient noise. They are
usually reinforced with certain sounds depending on the situation at play.
The following listed below are the common hand signals used by the referee
in officiating the game.
1. Undue delay of serve:

2. Feet on the service line or even off the ground:
3. Service too high:
4. Racket handle should face down while serving:
5. When the shuttle falls outside the lines of the court:

6. When the shuttle lands inside the lines of the court:
Summary
If you are playing badminton competitively you should definitely know what
the referee hand gestures are and what they mean. They are very useful and help you
to understand what you are doing that may be incorrect or against the rules.
Exercise No.6
Watch: https://prezi.com/93jw2lcxe8yp/officiating-hand-signals-in-badminton/?
fallback=1 and answer the following questions:

1. Give your observations and comments on how the officiating official conducted
the game.
2. When the officiating officials do the hand signals?
3. How important is the hand signals in playing badminton?
Assignment
Video yourself acting like an officiating official (referee,

umpire, service judge and line judge) using the hand signals and make a video clip.
REFERENCES
Nidhi Patel (2019), Badminton Hand Signals and What They Mean. Retrieved:
July 23, 2020 at https://blog.playo.co/badminton-hand-signals-and-what-they-
mean/
Yhen andrin (2015), Officiating Hand Signals in Badminton Retrieved: June 22,
2019 at https://prezi.com/93jw2lcxe8yp/officiating-hand-signals-in-badminton/?
fallback=1

CHAPTER VI
Basic Skills in Playing Badminton
Badminton is a sport that is liked and played by billions of people. It is a

beginner-friendly sport because anyone can go out and start playing this game
obviously not professionally but in a fun way. However, the individual who wants to
become an advanced level player of Badminton someday should definitely start
getting badminton training from the best Badminton Training Club. Thus, basic skills
must the familiarized and practiced regularly.
Objectives: At the end of the chapter the students should be able to
1. Discuss, demonstrate the different basic skills in playing badminton
Lesson 1: Basic Skills in Playing Badminton

Badminton is a beginner-friendly sport as anyone can start out and try to play
the game. Usually, beginners are only focused on trying to make sure that whenever
they hit the shuttle, it goes over the net and within the bounds of the court. But even
for beginners, learning these basic badminton skills can help increase both
competitiveness and also the fun in playing.
At the end of the lesson the student s should be able to
What to Expect? 1. Familiarize the basic skills in playing badminton.

2. Perform the basic skills correctly with self-
confidence
and precession.
5 Basic Badminton Skills Every Beginner Needs to Learn
1. The Ready Stance

Always having the right stance when playing makes it a lot easier to minimize the
movements you need to make to hit a shot. The ready stance is done by putting your
non-racquet leg a step forward and about shoulder width away from your racquet
leg. Slightly bend both knees with your weight balanced between both legs. Slightly
bend forward from the hip, keeping your back straight, and lift your racquet up with
your racquet-hand in front of you slightly above your shoulder and the head of the
racquet to be right above your forehead. Raise your non-racquet arm to help
improve your balance.
2. Forehand and Backhand Grip
Badminton Forehand
Having the right grip is crucial in helping new players control their shots
better and protects from possible injury from putting too much pressure on the wrist.
The simplest way to grip your badminton racquet is by imitating a handshake. Your
thumb should press against the handle while the rest of your hand and four fingers
wrap around the racquet. This handshake should be a friendly one. Don’t grip too

tightly because you need to retain flexibility in your wrist. It is recommended that you
opt to put a wrap around your grip to make it more comfortable and less slippery.
This grip applies to both forehand and backhand grips used for both
forehand and backhand shots. The variations lie in that for the forehand grip, it’s
better to fold your thumb a bit and let your index finger control the racquet on the
stroke, while for the backhand grip, the thumb pressing against the racquet will
control the stroke. Having a loose grip and being able to quickly switch between
grips is an advanced skill that allows pros to shift from forehand to backhand easily.
3. Footwork
Footwork is basic badminton skill that a lot of new players often overlook. But
having the right footwork makes the game so much easier as it allows you to cover
more ground around the court while using less time and energy. Lateral steps are the
best way to move around the badminton court as it allows you to cover a lot of
ground and change direction fast, while putting less strain on your knees. By
practicing the right footwork, you’ll feel that it is easier to recover to hit shuttles that
are flying towards the other side of the court. Some basic drills to improve your
lateral movement can be very effective in helping train yourself to move around the
court better.
4. Strokes

Badminton Strokes
There are 4 basic strokes that every beginner needs to learn. By knowing
these, beginners can create good badminton stroke habits, which they can use in the
future for more advanced shots like drops, smashes and drives. These are:
a. Overhead Forehand – this is the most common stroke and most beginners
are very more comfortable using this especially for stronger strokes. Make
sure to have a forehand grip, lift your racket arm up with the racket
slightly above your head, and tilt your body to the side of your racket arm
with your racket arm behind you. Widen your chest and use your non-
racket hand to point at the shuttlecock to aim. Straighten out your racket
arm then swing it towards the shuttle in a downward motion while slightly
rotating your waist towards the front. Swing the racket until it’s pointing
slightly downwards.
b. Overhead Backhand- the overhead backhand is slightly more difficult for
beginners as you’ll have to face your body backward to use this

effectively. This is a slightly advanced shot that is hard to master at first
but doing so will set good foundations to how you play badminton. To
start, turn your body to the back in the direction of your non-racket arm,
with your racket arm raised in front of you and pointing towards the back.
Keep your racket-arm close to your body, bent such that your elbow is
pointing down. As the shuttle approaches above your head level, slightly
tilt your arm downward to gain momentum then swing up and flick your
wrist upward until the racket is pointing up and your arm is straightened

out. Remember to immediately go back to your ready stance once you’ve
hit the shot.
c. Underarm Forehand– the underarm forehand allows you to hit low shots
with a lot of strength, but it is quite challenging to aim at first. To do this,
from your ready stance, lunge forward with your racket-leg and keep your
racket arm slightly bent with the top of the racket’s head slightly below
shoulder level. Straighten your arm out to make the racket tilt backwards
then flick your wrist, followed by your arm, to swing forward when hitting
the shuttle. Bend your body forward slightly to keep your balance.
d. Underarm Backhand– the underarm backhand is actually easier to do than
the overhead counterpart since you won’t need to turn backwards.

Lunging towards your backhand area, Bend your racket arm downward
with the racket handle parallel to the floor and the racket head parallel to
your body. Flick your wrist upward, followed by your arm until your arm is
extended straight and aligned with your shoulder.

5. Underarm Backhand Serve
Underarm Backhand Serve

The underarm backhand serve is the most basic badminton serve that you can
practice as a beginner because it gives you easier control in terms of how strong
you’ll hit the shuttle and where you will make the shuttle go in terms of height or
placement on the court. By learning how to utilize this serve, you can already start to
strategize where you place your serve depending on your opponent.
To start, have a ready stance with your backhand leg slightly forward with
both feet pointing forward. Lift your racket up to so it is parallel to the floor, with the
head parallel to the net and aligned with your shoulder. Using your non-racket hand,

hold the shuttle cock by the feather about 5-6 inches in front of the center of the
racket’s face. Bend the wrist of your racket hand downward to generate momentum
and flick upwards with varying strength depending on how far or how high you want
the shuttle cock to travel. Try to play around with how strong you hit the shuttle and
how high you follow through. Try to aim for different spots in the court with this
serve and you’ll immediately have the upper hand against your opponents.
Summary
The most basic service that you need to learn while playing badminton is the
Underarm Backhand Serve. With this serve, you will have enhanced support and
control in deciding the power that is required while serving the shuttle, the direction
it should move towards and it’s height as well. If you will learn this serving, then you
can easily decide from which direction you should hit the shuttle based upon your
opponent. You can practice using the Underarm Backhand Serve to check the speed
of your hit and at what direction it goes from which direction. These are some of the
basic skills that you as a beginner should definitely learn and practice. Learn all the
basic to advanced skills to play badminton whether you are an intermediate,
beginner or advanced level player.
Enrichment
Instructions:
1. Watch the following videos listed below.

2. Select from the video which you can easily follow and practice.
3. Make your own video clip applying the basic footwork while in play.
Lists of Videos to Watch:
1. Why footwork is important in badminton

https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/why-is-footwork-important-in-badminton/ The
badminton guide, May 27, 2018

2. Basic footwork badminton-4 corners
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9ALMfFaiIE Uploaded by Badminton Family,

April 6, 2019
3. Forehand and backhand footwork drills timing and strategy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9Ij-b0wexc Uploaded by better badminton, July
5, 2014
4. Six footwork corner in Singles (Advance)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjYKGMTcb3E Uploaded by: KC Badminton, July
23, 2013
5. Three tips of badminton footwork
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KT2jfzGnwM Uploaded by: Badminton Family,

May 4, 2019
REFERENCES:
Juliet Newbery (2020), Canada Elite Badminton and Sports, Retrieved: August
2020 at https://elitebadminton.ca/basic-badminton-skills-to-learn-as-a-beginner-in-
badminton-training/
Whsc in Badminton (2018) Retrieved at https://www.whscsatx.com/5-basic-
badminton-skills-every-beginner-needs-to-learn/:
Why footwork is important in badminton
https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/why-is-footwork-important-in-badminton/ The
badminton guide, May 27, 2018
Basic footwork badminton-4 corners
April 6, 2019
Forehand and backhand footwork drills timing and strategy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9Ij-b0wexc Uploaded by better badminton, July
5, 2014
Six footwork corner in Singles (Advance)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjYKGMTcb3E Uploaded by: KC Badminton, July
23, 2013
Three tips of badminton footwork
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KT2jfzGnwM Uploaded by: Badminton Family,
May 4, 2019

CHAPTER VII
Theories of Sports Management
We live in a world that is full of organisations of different sizes, types, and

goals. Sport organisations, of course, are no exception. How many sport managers
know exactly what to do when they 'lift the hood' on their organisation? A basic
grounding in organisation theory arms the sport manager with this knowledge, and
helps us to recognise the symptoms of potential organisational problems before they
actually arise, thereby keeping our sport organisations on the road' and running
efficiently.
Objective: At the end of the chapter the students should be able to
1. Discuss, explain and employ the theories of sports management.
Lesson 1: Theories of Sports Management
Theory is an essential element in the development of any academic discipline

and sport management is no exception. This chapter trace the intellectual contours of
theory in sport management, and to explain critique and celebrate the importance of
sport management theory in academic research, teaching and learning, and in the
development of professional practice.
Sport management is the field of business that focuses directly on sports and
recreation. Many different subjects are incorporated into sport management such as
administration, finance, law and ethics.

A degree in sport management can lead to career opportunities in the world
of sports and recreation. Depending on what kind of sport management career
interests you, possibilities include working directly with athletes, coaches and
organizations or working behind the scenes as a promoter, marketing manager or
sports economist.
There are many different aspects of sport management. Sports finance is a

billion dollar industry. Individuals who are interested in the financial and economic
aspects of the world of sports might consider focusing their studies on finance and
related subjects. Similarly, sport managers who want to work for international sports
organizations should take courses like international marketing.
1. Define sports management.

What to Expect?
2. Lists the career opportunities in the field of sports.
3. Create a management plan based on
the theories of management.
What is Sports Management
Sports management study programs are designed to teach students to

comprehend the business dynamics and applications which make up and are the
driving force of the sports industry. Sport managers can be found running operations
which comprise of the business end of the industry and as such work with colleges,
clubs, universities, recreational departments and sports marketing firms for retailing,
branding, merchandising, financing, marketing, and operational aspects of the
industry. They can be sports administrators, event managers, facility managers, sports
economists or information experts. The subject matter in a sports management
degree program is designed to prepare students for careers with amateur, college-
level, state level, national-level, and professional sports organizations.
Starting out in Sports Management
Sports management degrees are varying in nature and functionality. For

graduates who want to enter the sports industry, they have a hard time choosing
between the traditional MBA or the more inventive M.S in Sports management. An
MBA with a specialization in Sport Management is aimed at inculcating within future
professionals the knowledge needed to understand the various processes and
operations behind the business end of the industry where the core of the course will
include conventional business disciplines like finance, marketing, accounting,
statistics, operations, and human resources. An M.S. in Sports Management is tailored
to teaching students the nuances and the goings-on of sporting leagues or
governing bodies. While still comprising of traditional disciplines of an MBA, M.S.
takes a multidisciplinary approach by examining topics through the lens of a sports

administrator or executive while also combining behavioral topics that impact
athletes, such as sociology and human performance.
Career Paths
The one very especially distinctive advantage of a degree in sports management is

the variety of career paths that one could take in the industry. From the usual career
choices such as athletic trainers, athletic administrators, player or coach agents,
retailing and branding for sporting organisations, team managers or the coach or
even a sports event planner, the options are various and sundry. Different institutes
provide distinct models of study to their students which are unique to them. IISM and
NASM in India are two such institutes. IISM is more focussed on enabling their
students to build a career in sports marketing, sports event management and the
business end of the sporting industry. NASM is more inclined to providing
educational assistance to its students for sports facility management, sports media
and tourism. There are various other colleges in India and abroad all providing
knowledge and education in niche domains in the sporting industry.
Scope of Sports Management
Sports management is an interdisciplinary field. The global sports sector is

estimated to be worth between $480-620 billion. The advent of sporting leagues in
India has heralded a new era in the Indian sport industry. In recent times the industry
has reported a job growth of 13%. The expected job growth by the end of 2018 is
predicted to increase by 23%. The expected size of the industry in terms of revenue
was $73.5 billion in the U.S.A alone. As such a master's degree in sports management
is highly sought after today. The existing huge market of the sporting industry in
India is only going to expand in the coming years. With an ever growing economy
and a newfound passion for sports among the masses, there is a high potential for
growth in the industry. These conditions have also stimulated a meteoric rise in
advertising, as local and global organisations target this lucrative developing market
through sports

The sporting industry in India has an immense potential for expansion in the existing
market. With the large sporting events that take place in India, the TV and marketing
rights provide growing business opportunities for many organisations. Moreover,
with the advent of sporting leagues for other sports besides cricket have diversified
the industry resulting in it growing by the day. The sectors of sports tourism and
sports medicine also appears to accompany the sporting industry. With the sporting
industry in India only predicted to grow in stature and revenue, the time is ripe for
sports management professionals wishing to foray into the industry.
Sport management is the field of business dealing with sports and recreation. Some

examples of sport managers include the front office system in professional
sports, college sports managers, recreational sport managers, sports marketing, event
management, facility management, sports economics, sports finance, and sports
information.
Examples of Sport Managers
1. The front office is the part of a company that comes in contact with clients,
such as the marketing, sales, and service departments. The term has more
specific meanings in hotels, investment banking, and sports.
2. Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are sports in
which athletes receive payment for their performance. Professional athleticism
has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass
media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports
organizations or teams can command large incomes. As a result, more
sportspeople can afford to make athleticism their primary career, devoting the
training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to
modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the
popularity of sports.

3. College athletics encompasses non-professional, collegiate and university-
level competitive sports and games.
4. Sports marketing is a subdivision of marketing which focuses both on the
promotion of sports events and teams as well as the promotion of other
products and services through sporting events and sports teams. It is a service
in which the element promoted can be a physical product or a brand name.
The goal is to provide the client with strategies to promote sports or to
promote some other product, service, business or cause through sports.
Sports marketing is also designed to meet the needs and wants of the
consumers through exchange processes. These strategies follow the
traditional four "P"'s of general marketing: Product, Price, Promotion and
Place. Another four "P"’s are added to sports marketing, relating to the fact
sports are considered to be a service. The additional 4 P’s are: Planning,
Packaging, Positioning and Perception. The addition of the four extra
elements is called the "sports marketing mix."]
Sports marketing is an element of sports promotion which involves a wide
variety of sectors of the sports industry, including broadcasting, advertising,
social media, digital platforms, ticket sales, and community relations.
Sports marketing is divided into three sectors. The first is the advertising of
sport and sports associations such as the Olympics, Spanish Football league
and the NFL, as well as sport teams like Real Madrid and the New York
Yankees. The second concerns the use of sporting events, sporting teams and
individual athletes to promote various products. The third category is the
promotion of sports to the public in order to increase participation.
In the first case, the promotion is directly related to sports. In the second case,
the products can but do not have to be directly related to sports. When the
promotion is about sports in general, the use of this kind of strategy is called
“Marketing of Sports.” When the promotion is not about the sports but sports
events, athletes, teams or leagues are used to promote different products, the
marketing strategy is denominated “Marketing through sports." [4] When the
promotion is about increasing participation among the public, it is called
"Grassroots Sports Marketing." To promote the products or services, the
companies and associations use different channels such as sponsorships of
teams or athletes, television or radio advertisement during the different
broadcast sports events and celebrations, and/or advertisement on sporting
venues.
“Street marketing of sports” considers sports marketing through billboards on
the street and also through urban elements (street lighters and sidewalks, etc.)
to help promote and gain publicity during major worldwide sporting events
such as the Football World Cup, the Olympic Games, or the Super Bowl. this =
Business
5. Event management is the application of project management to the creation
and development of small and/or large-scale personal or corporate events
such as festivals, conferences, ceremonies, weddings, formal parties, concerts,
or conventions. It involves studying the brand, identifying its target audience,

devising the event concept, and coordinating the technical aspects before
actually launching the event.
The events industry now includes events of all sizes from the Olympics down
to business breakfast meetings. Many industries, celebrities, charitable
organizations, and interest groups hold events in order to market their label,
build business relationships, raise money, or celebrate achievement.
The process of planning and coordinating the event is usually referred to
as event planning and which can include budgeting, scheduling, site selection,
acquiring necessary permits, coordinating transportation and parking,
arranging for speakers or entertainers, arranging decor, event
security, catering, coordinating with third party vendors, and emergency
plans. Each event is different in its nature so process of planning & execution
of each event differs on basis of type of event.
The event manager is the person who plans and executes the event, taking
responsibility for the creative, technical, and logistical elements. This includes
overall event design, brand building, marketing and communication
strategy, audio-visual production, script writing, logistics, budgeting,
negotiation, and client service.
Due to the complexities involved, the extensive body of knowledge required,
and the rapidly changing environment, event management is frequently cited
as one of the most stressful career paths, in line next to emergency
responders and surgeon
6. Facility management (or facilities management or FM) is a professional
management discipline focused on the efficient and effective delivery
of support[ services for the organizations that it serves. The International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines facility management as the
"organizational function which integrates people, place, process and
technology within the built environment with the purpose of improving
the quality of life of people and the productivity of the core business in
conjunction with the auxiliary as well as the support services.
Summary
Management in sport organizations provide sports development, general
planning activities in the field of sports, organizes all relevant resources, processes
and functions, exercised a policy of human resources development, organized sports
and business functions, provide communication and coordination, deciding on the

implementation of most appropriate solutions, processes and controls eliminate
destructive conflict. Management and sports marketing are one of the most
important, also the most complex activities, which ensure that sport and business
functions carried out in the more rational, economical and efficient way. Marketing

agencies in the sport today are not only involved in the negotiations, advertising and
underwriting, but also provide many other services. Some of the key factors for
success and competitive advantage both in management, marketing and sports, and
in general are fine, owning and managing information, to detect and respond to
changes in environment, application of new technological developments,

development of old and acquisition of new knowledge. Sports management as a skill
and unstructured experience of talented managers of individual athletes, teams and

clubs emerged with the appearance of the first professional sports organization. The
appearance of a systematic, scientific knowledge of sport management is linked to

the growth of professionalization of sport and its submission to the laws of market
economy and the emergence of management science, first in the profit sector,
corporate business and then it's spreading to the sector of non-profit public and
private sector..
Exercise No.7
A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

__________________1. It is designed to teach students to comprehend the
business dynamics and applications which make up and are the driving force
of the sports industry
__________________2. They can be sports administrators, event managers, facility
managers, sports economists or information experts.
__________________3. It focuses both on the promotion of sports events and
teams as well as the promotion of other products and services through
sporting events and sports teams.
__________________6. His task involves studying the brand, identifying its target
audience, devising the event concept, and coordinating the technical aspects
before actually launching the event.
__________________5. He focused on the efficient and effective delivery
of support services for the organizations that it serves.
Please Watch
1. https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/indias-growing-sports-industry/

2. https://sites.education.miami.edu/sport-administration-m-s-ed/
3. https://www.gradschools.com/doctorate/sports-management/online
https://www.indiaeducation.net/overview-of-sports-management.html
Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=of-poWTX5NQ
REFERENCES:
George B. Cunnungham (2016),Theory and theory development in sport

management Retrieved : July 17, 2018 at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257586172_Theory_and_theory_developme
nt_in_sport_management
Carol A. Bar and Mary A Hums (2015), Management and Principles Applied in
Management. Retrieved June 17, 2018 at
http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284034172/9781449691950_CH02_Sample.pdf
Nikki Dequin (2018), Theory of Sport Management Retrieved: May 21, 2017 at
http://hhh.gavilan.edu/ndequin/PE7TheoryofSportManagement.htm
LIST OF REFERENCES:
Arellano (2017), Forehand and backhand footwork drills timing and strategy,
Retrieved July 5, 2014 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h9Ij-b0wexc Uploaded
by better badminton
Badminton Federation, Badminton Rules, Retrieved June 27, 2020 at

https://www.rulesofsport.com/sports/badminton.html
Unites States Badminton Association, Official Laws of Badminton, Retrieved
June 25, 2019 at https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/sports/olympics/longterm/badmnton/badlaws.htm
Badminton Guide Retrieved: July 10, 2019 at

https://www.thebadmintonguide.com/badminton-officials/
BWF handbook, The Laws of Badminton, Retrieved July 11, 2019 at

http://www.worldbadminton.com/rules/
Britanica Dictionary, 3rd Edition,, Retrieved from

https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton: July 3, 2020

Carol A. Bar and Mary A Hums (2015), Management and Principles Applied in
Management. Retrieved June 17, 2018 at
http://samples.jbpub.com/9781284034172/9781449691950_CH02_Sample.pdf
Duran, Duran(20160. The use of Facilities and Equipment: Retrieved at

https://www.google.com/search?
q=picture+of+badminton+net+parts&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjQ9Z2ln4PqAhVJ0p
QKHawkA3oQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+badminton+net+parts&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoICAAQ
CBAHEB46BggAEAcQHjoCCABQjg9YnEpgp1xoAHAAeACAAcEBiAGzH5IBBDAuMjSYA
QCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=GxznXpD8Mcmk0wSsyYzQBw&bi
h=542&biw=1094#imgrc=RuXnCI1u7ozDDM
Gomez et.al, Introduction of Badminton, Retrieved at

https://www.slideshare.net/princynavya/badminton-pd, June 20, 2017
George B. Cunnungham (2016),Theory and theory development in sport

management Retrieved : July 17, 2018 at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257586172_Theory_and_theory_developme
nt_in_sport_management
Juliet Newbery (2020), Canada Elite Badminton and Sports, Retrieved: August
2020 at https://elitebadminton.ca/basic-badminton-skills-to-learn-as-a-beginner-in-
badminton-training/
Lapuz, Rojas et al. Baminton Guide, Retrieved June 21, 2019 at

Lisa Porter (2018,) Role of a badminton Umpire. Retrieved: July 27, 20101 at
https://www.sportsrec.com/5197375/role-of-a-badminton-umpire
Marcelo et al. Badminton Equipments: Retrieved at
https://www.sportsrec.com/6612657/badminton-equipment-facilities
Mark Kayo (2017) The Methods of Training in Physical Education. Retrieved

July 17, 2019 at https://classroom.synonym.com/training-methods-physical-
education-7966312.html
Matinez (2015), Six badminton Exercises that will improve your Performance in
the Court: July 22, 2020 Retrieved at: https://www.sportsuncle.com/index.php?
route=blog/article&article_id=42
Martizano, Martizano (2015), Six footwork corner in Singles (Advance),

Retrieved July 23, 2013 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjYKGMTcb3E
Uploaded by: KC Badminton
Nidhi Patel (2019), Badminton Hand Signals and What They Mean. Retrieved:
July 23, 2020 at https://blog.playo.co/badminton-hand-signals-and-what-they-
mean/

Nikki Dequin (2018), Theory of Sport Management Retrieved: May 21, 2017 at
http://hhh.gavilan.edu/ndequin/PE7TheoryofSportManagement.htm
Porter et al., Why footwork is important in badminton, Retrieved July 13, 2017
at. al.
The badminton Association of England Retrieved July 21, 2020 at

http://www.badminton-zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/fitness%20trening%20u
%20badmintonu%20England.pdf
The badminton guide, May 27, 2018, Basic footwork badminton-4 corners
Retrieved at
April 6, 2019
The UK Rules, Roles of Officials in Badminton Retrieved: June 21, 2019 at

https://www.theukrules.co.uk/rules/sport/badminton/umpire-
responsibilities.html#referee
Twain (2016), Three tips of badminton footwork Retrieved March 4, 2019 at

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KT2jfzGnwM Uploaded by: Badminton Family
Yhen andrin (2015), Officiating Hand Signals in Badminton Retrieved: June 22,
2019 at https://prezi.com/93jw2lcxe8yp/officiating-hand-signals-in-badminton/?
fallback=1
Zubiaga et al. The Importance of Complete Facilities in the Game: Retrieved at

https://sportadvisory.com/the-equipment-you-need-to-maintain-baseball-sports-
facilities/
Whsc in Badminton (2018) Retrieved at https://www.whscsatx.com/5-basic-

badminton-skills-every-beginner-needs-to-learn/:

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MODULE IN PE 103

HELEN M. ESPARTERO, EdD

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 1

This module focuses only on the badminton as individual sports, composed of

The simplified rules of badminton are included in this package.

some return demonstrations via video clips. Collaborative skill is important in

for daily participation. Proper gym clothes are required.

coaches and instructors in order to succeed in today’s global society.

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 2

Lesson 1: Nature and history of badminton 1

CHAPTER II: FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY ETIQUETTE 10

Equipment in playing badminton 10

Safety precautions while playing the game 16

Lesson 1: The laws of badminton 19

Shuttle not in play 28

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 3

CHAPTER IV: METTHODS OF TRAINING

General principles of fitness training 33

Training techniques for badminton 38

Samples of on-court fitness training types 40

Development of specific fitness components 46

CHAPTER V: ROLES OF THE OFFICIATING OFFICIALS

Role of the referee 53

Role of the line judge 55

Lesson 2: Signs and Signals in Officiating 59

Five basic skills every beginner needs to learn 63

Different types of steps 70

CHAPTER VII: MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS

What is sports management 77

Examples of sport managers 79

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 4

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 5

a. Discuss the historical background, meaning of terms in Badminton

LESSON 1: Nature and history of the game

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across

Nature of the Game

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 6

Although the exact origins of badminton are unclear, games based on a

Badminton Association of England was formed to administer badminton

Olympic rings – Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania and Pan America.

small cork hemisphere with 16 goose feathers attached and weighing about 0.17

shuttles made from synthetic materials are also allowed by the Badminton World

The game is named for Badminton, the country estate of the dukes of

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 7

championships were held in 1977. A number of regional, national, and zonal

the All-England Championships. Other well-known international tournaments include

Cup (donated 1956) for women’s team competition.

touch the floor or ground within the boundaries of the court.

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 8

___________1. Badminton can be played in either singles or doubles.

___________4. In scoring badminton, it follows the right and even scheme.

___________6. It needs 21 points in order to win a game.

___________8. Scoring begins in a LOVE set.

Retrieved at https://www.slideshare.net/princynavya/badminton-pd, June 20, 2017

Britanica Dictionary, 3rd Edition,

Definition of terminology plays an important role in the understanding of

Helen M. Espartero, EdD Page 9

1. Familiarize the badminton terminologies and

2. Use and apply the correct terms while playing and

during the service; often called a "feint."

a defensive shot, while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively.

on the opponent’s side.