DEVELOPING OCCUPATIONAL WELL-BEING AND FITNESS

MODEL - Action research project for Indonesian school teachers

RESEARCH PLAN

To Study Doctoral Programme

Health Sciences : Nursing Science

In University of Eastern Finland

Juli Dwi Prasetyono

e-mail : juli.prasetyono13@gmail.com, phone (+62) 85230463291

Institute of Health Sciences Banyuwangi, Street Letkol Istiqlah 104 Banyuwangi

East Java, Indonesia

Primary Supervisor, Supervisor,

University of Eastern Finland University of Eastern Finland
 Prof. Terhi Saaranen, PhD, RN, PHN Prof. Hannele Turunen, Ph.D, RN.

1. BACKGROUND
Schools in 137 countries were closed as a result of COVID-19 (The World Bank, 2020). These
decisions have affected 1.5 billion students around the world and 11.2 million primary and
secondary school pupils in the UK (The World Bank, 2020; UNESCO, 2020). COVID-19 has
necessitated many changes in society, including in education that make an effect cognitively
and emotionally for teachers. This change of structure affects several living conditions, one of
which is the condition of education in Indonesia. Social distancing or physical distancing
requires that the learning process between teachers and students be carried out remotely,
this step is taken to prevent Covid-19 transmission (Ministry of Education and Culture
Indonesia, 2020).

Teachers are among the most at-risk health problems compared to other professions (Van
Droogenbroeck and Spruyt, 2015). Urgency and pace of work at school and the problems in
working space, postures and equipment, the activities supporting resources, including lack
of stress control, exercise, relaxation and mentoring (Saaranen, 2012). Administrative burden,
long hours, and classroom management difficulties and lack of autonomy (McCarthy, 2019),
increased responsibility at work, office work brought home, sources of support are lacking,
and the demands of a job (Behera, 2015) is a reality as teachers today. Therefore, teachers
well-being and fitness at work includes versatility, mental strength, and commitment to
promote effective teaching and learning (Price & McCallum, 2015).

Occupational well-being can be defined as the physical and mental state of a worker based
on the sum of work, working environment and free time (Vocabulary of Safety and Health at
Work 2006). Research has shown that the health of individual employees, and the working
conditions that affect it, are important resource and workload factors which affect the
occupational well-being of the entire school staff. (Saaranen et al., 2012).

Bad fitness is leading to higher rates of absenteeism and illness among education
professionals (Leão et al, 2015; Guerreiro, et al, 2016). High levels of stress and common
mental disorder among school teachers (Kidger et al., 2016), burnout with job performance,
satisfaction, and retention (Brennan & Pas, 2017), insecure, job stress (Kim & Asbury, 2020),
voice disorders, common mental disorders and musculoskeletal symptoms (Santos et al.,
2020), also must make online make-up classes drills the curriculum content adjustment after
COVID-19 pandemic (Ming-Cheng Yeh, 2020) as many problem that is relevance in teacher
now. According to Prasetyono, (2016), the data on Indonesian teacher fitness is very
unexpected, it is indicated that 79% physical unfitness, 46,8% work stress, 27% hypertention,
12% gastritis, 11% light stroke, 8% diabetes mellitus dan 17% with musculuskeletal
disorders.

In this study, the focus is to developing occupational well-being and fitness for Indonesian
school teacher. Occupational well-being based on Occupational Well-Being In School Staff
Model (Saaranen et al, 2015), which includes 4 aspects; working community, working conditions,
professiomal competence and workers’ resources and work . Fitness is very important part of
worker's resources and work -aspect. The aims is to develop an operating model for school
staff and occupational health care that can be used to develop teachers' well-being and fitness
at school communities.
2. THE PURPOSE AND AIMS OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to Development Occupational Well-Being and Fitness in Indonesian School Teachers
Sub-studies and timetable Purpose of sub- Actions Design and Methods Research questions
study
1. Occupational Well-Being To examine and A literature search Design: An integrative literature How is occupational well-being and
and Fitness in school describe previous using the CINAHL, review guided by Whittemore and fitness in school teacher?
teacher literature in MEDLINE, Knafl's (2005) approach and How does occupational well-being and
Occupational Well- PsycINFO, employing a narrative conceptual fitness school teacher?
Being and Fitness SCOPUS, and ERIC synthesis method What is the health related of occupational
in school teacher databases, with Methods: A literature search using well-being and fitness in school teacher?
minimal 10 papers the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO,
included SCOPUS, and ERIC databases, with
minimal 10 papers included
2. Develop WELL-FITNESS To measure change Create well-being Design: Cross sectional, descriptive, What is the level of knowledge, affective
module to against of knowledge, and fitness module quantitative study, Interviews and skill in Indonesian School Teacher?
knowledge, attitudes and affective and skill for increase Methods: Using data from (n = 400) How is to increase knowledge, affective
skill fitness level in fitness among knowledge, participants and conducting and skill in Indonesian School Teacher?
Indonesian school teacher Indonesian School affective and skill Exploratory Factor Analyses and How does WELL-FTINESS would be
Teachers fitness among Confirmatory Factor Analyses increase knowledge, affective and skill
Indonesian School fitness level in Indonesian School
Teacher Teacher?

3. Improving Health Service To investigate Renew the role and Design: Two-wave longitudinal What is the function of Health Service
School (UKS) to against occupational well- function of Health study (pre-test) School in Indonesian schools?
occupational well-being being and fitness in Services School Data : 400 participants as public What is a role of Health Service School to
and fitness in Indonesian Indonesian school (UKS) primary school teacher using self against health related well-being and
school teacher teachers completing questionnaires fitnes in Indonesian teachers?
Methods: Descriptive statistics and How does to improve Health Service
paired sample t-tests used to School to increase wel-being and fitness
measure changes over time. in teachers?
4. Changing lifestyle To increase an Create five session Design: Two-wave longitudinal What is intervention programme to
intervention to promote occupational well- intervention study (post-test) increase occupational well-being and
occupational well-being being and fitness in against Data: 400 participants as public Fitness?
and fitness in Indonesian Indonesian School occupational well- primary school teacher using self How is implemented intervention
School Teachers Teachers by change being and fitness in completing questionnaires increase occupational well-being and
the bad lifestyles Indonesian school Method: Descriptive statistics and Fitness in Indonesian school teacher?
tobe the good teacher paired sample t-tests used to How is effectivity of the intervention
lifestyles. measure changes over time. increase occupational well-being and
Fitness in Indonesian school teacher?
3. SCHEDULE AND FUNDING PLANS
Schedule of this action research is begin on 2021 and finish 2023.
Table 2. The schedule and reporting plan of the doctoral study.

Year 2021 2022 2023 2024

Academic term Autmn Spring Autmn Spring Autmn Spring

Doctoral studies (40 ECTS)

Manuscript of article I, Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
(Q1) UNDIP
Applying for permission from Committee on Research
Ethics
Applying for research permit, sub-study 2 and 3
Data collection, sub-study 2
Data analysis, sub-study 2
Manuscript of article II, International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health (Q1), sub-
study 2
Intervention, sub-study 3
Data collection, sub-study 3
Data analysis, sub-study 3
Manuscript of article III, International Journal of Nursing
Sciences (Q2) or Indonesian Nursing Journal of Education
and Clinic (INJEC)
Manuscript of article IV, NursingPlus Open (Q2)
Summary section of doctoral study
Doctoral dissertation

Table 3. Cost estimates (€) for the years 2021 to mid 2024. 

Year 2021 2022 2023 2024 Total

Allowance  3000 12000 12000 12000 39000
1500 2000
Conferences  500 1000 5000

Submit
450 450 500 500 1500
Manuscript 
Total (year)  3950 13450 14000 19000 50400

4. ETHICAL QUESTIONS AND APPLICATION OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS

This action research will be a good innovation and policy to development the existence of
occupational health nurses in Indonesian schools. Occupational Well-Being and Fitness
model for work among indonesian school teacher based on nursing could be used as health
management programs in the workplace, especially in formal workers. This program should
 be a program development occupational health in the Ministry of Health Indonesia,
community health centers, education departments, schools staff, families and groups in
promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative teachers. Moreover, it can be evidenced
based in developing educational programs and training nursing to practice the development
of health management system an occupational health nursing. I would like to use this
research results to improve the policy that is in every school at least 1-2 occupational health
nurse.

REFERENCE

Behera, S. (2015). Stress and spirituality among school teachers. 6(3), 305–308.
Brennan, L. O., & Pas, E. (2017). Multilevel Examination of Burnout Among High School Staff :
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0019.V46-2
Kidger, J., Brockman, R., Tilling, K., Campbell, R., Ford, T., Araya, R., King, M., & Gunnell, D.
(2016). Teachers’ wellbeing and depressive symptoms, and associated risk factors: A large
cross sectional study in English secondary schools. Journal of Affective Disorders, 192, 76–82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.054
Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020). ‘ Like a rug had been pulled from under you ’: The impact of
COVID-19 on teachers in England during the first six weeks of the UK lockdown. British
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