Biology Study Guide CH 3 The Biosphere

1. ________-the branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms & between organisms and their environment.
2. _________-the combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist.
3. _________-all the members of a particular species living in one area.
4. Describe the levels of ecological organization from the smallest level to the largest.
5. _________-the simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere.
6. __________the lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living & non-living factors.
7. List & describe the 3 basic methods used by ecologists.
8. A mathematical formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called an ecological
________.
9. Green plants are __________________ or __________________.
10. What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
11. Where are producers found in the food chain and in the food web?
12. _______________- an organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds.
13. _______________-an organism that cannon make its own food.
14. _______________-organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead & decaying plants & animals.
15. _______________-an organism that feeds only on plants.
16. ALL the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a FOOD ________.
17. _______________-the total amount of LIVING TISSUE within a given trophic level.
18. _______________-an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex interactions among
organisms in a community from producers to consumers.
19. What type of heterotroph eats both producers & consumers?
20. ___________ level refers to each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web.
21. Be able to apply the “types of heterotrophs”.
22. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next? What happens to the energy that is NOT
transferred?
23. Which type of pyramid shows the amount of LIVING TISSUE at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
24. _______________ _____________-the repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface & the atmosphere.
25._________________ __________________-the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia.
The opposite of this process is ___________________.
26. Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by ______________ located on _________________ of plants.
27. BIO GEO CHEMICAL cycling ensures that many nutrients will not reach _______ concentrations in the biosphere.
28. If a nutrient is in such short supply in an ecosystem that it affects an animal’s growth, the substance is a __________
_________________.
29. From a diagram of the water cycle…be able to answer questions.
30. From a diagram of a food chain…be able to answer questions.
31. Be able to “do the math” for an energy pyramid.
32. From a food web diagram…be able to answer questions!
33.DISCUSSION: How does a food web differ from a food chain…DETAILS PLEASE!